The unintended consequences of artificial intelligence in paediatric radiology
AbstractOver the past decade, there has been a dramatic rise in the interest relating to the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in radiology. Originally only ‘narrow’ AI tasks were possible; however, with increasing availability of data, teamed with ease of access to powerful computer processing capabilities, we are becoming more able to generate complex and nuanced predictio n models and elaborate solutions for healthcare. Nevertheless, these AI models are not without their failings, and sometimes the intended use for these solutions may not lead to predictable impacts for patients, society or those working...
Source: Pediatric Radiology - September 4, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Diffusion tensor imaging of the physis: the ABC ’s
AbstractThe physis, or growth plate, is the primary structure responsible for longitudinal growth of the long bones. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a technique that depicts the anisotropic motion of water molecules, or diffusion. When diffusion is limited by cellular membranes, information on tissue microstructure can be acquired. Tractography, the visual display of the direction and magnitude of water diffusion, provides qualitative visualization of complex cellular architecture as well as quantitative diffusion metrics that appear to indirectly reflect physeal activity. In the growing bones, DTI depicts the columns of...
Source: Pediatric Radiology - September 2, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Correction to: Dose length product to effective dose coefficients in children
(Source: Pediatric Radiology)
Source: Pediatric Radiology - September 2, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
The role of radiography in diagnosing, monitoring and prognosing juvenile idiopathic arthritis
AbstractThe current role of conventional radiography in the diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is reviewed, as its role has changed with the increasing use of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as with the introduction of biological drugs. Conventional radiography does not play an important role in the diagnosis of JIA, as this is based on history, clinical examination and l aboratory findings. The main role of conventional radiography is in the detection and monitoring of growth disorders and chronic structural and morphological changes of the affected joints and b...
Source: Pediatric Radiology - August 29, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Pediatric body composition based on automatic segmentation of computed tomography scans: a pilot study
ConclusionAutomatic segmentation of L3-level muscle and fat areas allows for accurate quantification of pediatric body composition. Using automatic segmentation, the development in muscle and fat distribution during childhood (in otherwise healthy) Dutch children was demonstrated. (Source: Pediatric Radiology)
Source: Pediatric Radiology - August 29, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Controlled flow reduction of an iliacoportal shunt graft for portal vein arterialization in a pediatric patient
In conclusion, endovascular reduction of elevated portal blood flow after portal vein arterialization is feasible, even in pediatric patients.Graphical abstract (Source: Pediatric Radiology)
Source: Pediatric Radiology - August 24, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Hermes
(Source: Pediatric Radiology)
Source: Pediatric Radiology - August 24, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Global pediatric radiology education: responding to training-level specific needs
AbstractPediatric radiology education for pediatric and radiology trainees and practicing professionals must be adapted to the target audience. In efforts to narrow the gaps in global pediatric radiology education, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia's radiology department ’s Global Outreach and Education Program has designed specific interventions and curricula according to different levels of training and desired expertise. Our initiatives include an online “Introduction to Pediatric Imaging” lecture series for pediatrics residents in Botswana, Ethiopia and Vi etnam; access to a learning management system (Outr...
Source: Pediatric Radiology - August 23, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Reduced adenosine dosing for stress cardiovascular MRI in children: adequate physiologic stress for patient, fewer adverse events, and less stress for the clinician?
(Source: Pediatric Radiology)
Source: Pediatric Radiology - August 22, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Partial voxel interpolation to reduce partial volume error of cardiac computed tomography ventricular volumetry in patients with congenital heart disease
ConclusionThe PVI method can reduce partial volume error in cardiac CT ventricular volumetry among patients with CHD.Graphical abstract (Source: Pediatric Radiology)
Source: Pediatric Radiology - August 21, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Single coronary artery and coronary artery-pulmonary artery fistula in a variation of the Shone complex
AbstractWe aim to share the diagnostic methods and relevant findings of a rare case involving a 1-year-old girl with a variation of Shone syndrome, presenting with the coexistence of a single coronary artery and a fistula between the coronary artery and the right pulmonary artery. The patient had previously undergone aortic arch reconstruction surgery and during the preoperative evaluation, cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) revealed the additional presence of a single coronary artery originating from the right, which fistulized into the right pulmonary artery distally. This finding was further confirmed by con...
Source: Pediatric Radiology - August 21, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Prenatal diagnosis of a vermis cyst: a further case
(Source: Pediatric Radiology)
Source: Pediatric Radiology - August 21, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Guide to use of ferumoxytol for hepatic vascular assessment as part of dual contrast MRI
AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment of hepatic vasculature can be challenging in the setting of liver disease and liver lesions. The widely used hepatobiliary contrast agent gadoxetate is an extracellular contrast agent that provides excellent soft tissue characterization but has limitations as a vascular contrast agent. Ferumoxytol is an iron oxide nanoparticle with superparamagnetic properties that can be used as blood pool contrast agent to provide dedicated vascular assessment. We provide a detailed protocol for evaluation of pediatric liver vasculature using ferumoxytol, after imaging of the parenchyma...
Source: Pediatric Radiology - August 21, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Growth progression of anterior cruciate ligament bone grafts in a pediatric population: magnetic resonance imaging analysis
ConclusionIn children with open physes, ACL grafts demonstrate smooth growth progression in all dimensions. However, this finding does not fully explain the high rate of re-rupture observed in children. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying factors contributing to re-rupture in this population.Graphical abstract (Source: Pediatric Radiology)
Source: Pediatric Radiology - August 18, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Lung infections in immunocompromised children
AbstractPulmonary infection is the leading cause of infectious morbidity and mortality in children with immune defects. We provide a comprehensive review of lung infections in immunocompromised children, with a focus on imaging findings and imaging-based management. We include an overview of the immune defences of the respiratory tract, the aetiologies of immune defects in children, the features of specific infections and important differential diagnoses and describe diagnostic strategies using imaging and non-imaging-based techniques.Graphical Abstract (Source: Pediatric Radiology)
Source: Pediatric Radiology - August 17, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
