Potential use of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) derived compounds as antidiabetics: In silico and in vivo studies
This study suggests that the mechanism underlying the action of these compounds is through activation of TGR5 and GLP-1 receptor with concurrent inhibition of DPP4. This study confirmed the use of this plant in diabetes management and the possible bioactive compounds responsible for its antidiabetic property are charantin, cucurbitacin and momordicoside D and all belong to the class of saponins. (Source: Pathophysiology)
Source: Pathophysiology - November 18, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor is reduced in stroke survivors with cognitive impairment
This study evaluated cognitive impairment in stroke survivors and examined its relationship with peripheral blood levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). It is hypothesized that serum BDNF levels significantly correlate with cognitive impairment. Cognition was assessed in 47 stroke survivors and 35 normal subjects using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Serum BDNF concentrations were determined using BDNF ELISA kits. Data were expressed as median (10th–90th percentiles) and analysed using non-parametric tests on SPSS statistics. The stroke survivors and controls were middle aged (in their fifties), wi...
Source: Pathophysiology - November 18, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
The relationship between the neck circumference and the carotid intima-media thickness in Amerindians. Potential links to health risks?
This study assessed the relationship between NC and cIMT in Atahualpa residents aged ≥40 years who had sonographic examination of carotid arteries (n = 590). We also discussed on potential pathogenetic mechanisms underlying this association. Participants belonged to the Native Ecuadorian (Amerindians) ethnic group. Non-parametric regression models were used to assess the aforementioned relationship, after adjusting for relevant confounders. The mean age of participants was 60.9 ± 12.7 years (58% women). The mean value of the cIMT was 0.85 ± 0.19 mm. The mean NC was 35.8 ± 34 cm. The NC was normally...
Source: Pathophysiology - November 18, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Hydrogen Sulfide: Therapeutic or Injurious in Ischemic Stroke?
Publication date: Available online 12 November 2018Source: PathophysiologyAuthor(s): P.K. Prasai, B. Shrestha, A.M. Kaskas, J. Green, J.S. Alexander, C.B. PattilloAbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been identified as a vasodilatory, neuromodulatory, and anti-inflammatory gasotransmitter with antioxidant properties. Studies focused in cardiac tissue suggest H2S functions as a protective agent; however in the central nervous system (CNS) the effects of H2S during states of stress or injury, such as stroke, remain controversial. Currently, the application of H2S donors and modulators in stroke depends on the type of H2S donor...
Source: Pathophysiology - November 14, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Hepatotoxic effects of Euphol-rich fractions from Euphorbia bivonae—Relevance to cytotoxic and anti-tumor activities
Publication date: Available online 1 November 2018Source: PathophysiologyAuthor(s): Khaled Athmouni, Abdelfattah El Feki, Habib AyadiAbstractThese studies were designed to evaluate the preliminary oral toxicity profile of the crude ethanolic aerial part extract of E. bivonae in the Male albino Wistar rats and its active chemical constituents. The 24-h LD50 was determined using probit analysis method. The single dose LD50was found to be 2568.64 mg/kg bw when administrated orally in mice. Additionally, the Wistar rats were used to evaluate the subchronic toxicity of E. bivonae ethanolic extract. The serum biomarkers, lipid...
Source: Pathophysiology - November 2, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Tetracarpidium conophorum Müll. Arg modulates sexual behaviour and biochemical parameters relevant to sexual function in male Wistar rats
Publication date: Available online 28 October 2018Source: PathophysiologyAuthor(s): Ayodeji Augustine Olabiyi, Ganiyu Oboh, Azeez Olakunle Ishola, Philip Adeyemi Adeniyi, Aline Augusti BoligonAbstractWalnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum Müll. Arg) has been reported to be an essential ingredient in folklore medicine for sexual enhancement with little scientific validation. Hence, this study investigated the effects of walnut supplemented diet on sexual behaviour and biochemical parameters relevant to erection in male Wistar rats. Forty animals used in this study were divided into five groups (n = 8); Group 1- normal...
Source: Pathophysiology - October 29, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Jobelyn® ameliorates neurological deficits in rats with ischemic stroke through inhibition of release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB signaling pathway
Publication date: Available online 28 October 2018Source: PathophysiologyAuthor(s): Solomon Umukoro, Ejiroghene E. Oghwere, Benneth Ben-Azu, Olatunde Owoeye, Abayomi M. Ajayi, Osarume Omorogbe, Olajuwon OkubenaAbstractThe effects of Jobelyn® (JB) on neurological deficits and biochemical alterations associated with ischemic stroke induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) in rats were investigated in this study. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 8): group 1 served as Sham control; group 2, which served as negative control received normal saline while groups 3-5 were given JB (25, 50...
Source: Pathophysiology - October 29, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Interventricular vessel of the heart and myocardial infarction-induced heart failure
Publication date: Available online 22 September 2018Source: PathophysiologyAuthor(s): Pekka J. Kuusela (Source: Pathophysiology)
Source: Pathophysiology - October 5, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Coconut oil protects against light-induced retina degeneration in male Wistar rats
In conclusion, Cocos nucifera oil produced retino-protective effect via anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. (Source: Pathophysiology)
Source: Pathophysiology - October 5, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Does loss of hormonal receptors influence the pathophysiological characteristics of the HER-2 breast cancer phenotype?
ConclusionLoss of HR does not influence the biological features of HER-2 BC. This finding may indicate that some tumors will ‘biologically’ move from being HER-2-positive/HR-positive tumors to behaving more like HER-2-positive/HR-negative tumors even when ER are present on the cell surface. Further studies are needed to explore this hypothesis and to identify the subset of tumors that will benefit from endocrine therapy. (Source: Pathophysiology)
Source: Pathophysiology - September 18, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Expression of thioredoxin and glutaredoxin in experimental hepatocellular carcinoma—Relevance for prognostic and diagnostic evaluation
This study was conducted to investigate whether the expression of thioredoxin (Trx) and glutaredoxin (Grx) is helpful for HCC diagnosis in an experimental model. Twenty male albino rats were equally divided into two groups (HCC and control). Hepatocarcinogenesis was performed by single intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of 200 mg/kg of diethylnitrosamine (DENA). Two weeks later, 0.05% of phenobarbital (PB) was supplied in the drinking water for other 14 weeks. HCC was diagnosed by measuring serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level and histopathological examination. Our results found that hepatic indices alanine transaminase (ALT...
Source: Pathophysiology - September 15, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Bioactive Compounds Extracted from Mangrove Plants (Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata): an Overview
Publication date: Available online 14 September 2018Source: PathophysiologyAuthor(s): Obidallah Aljaghthmi, Hassaan Heba, Isam Abu ZeidAbstractMangrove plants areeconomically and ecologically important, and have many benefits. They are considered as a nursery ground for many of economically important fishes and shellfishes. There are about 84 mangrove plant species. Two common species of the mangrove plants have featured in traditional medicine for generations, especially in south-east Asia, namely Avicennia marina (A. marina) and Rhizophora mucronata (R. mucronata). Though the pharmacological abilities of the two medicina...
Source: Pathophysiology - September 15, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Expression of thioredoxin and glutaredoxin in experimental hepatocellular carcinoma - Relevance for prognostic and diagnostic evaluation
This study was conducted to investigate whether the expression of thioredoxin (Trx) and glutaredoxin (Grx) is helpful for HCC diagnosis in an experimental model. Twenty male albino rats were equally divided into two groups (HCC and control). Hepatocarcinogenesis was performed by single intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of 200 mg/kg of diethylnitrosamine (DENA). Two weeks later, 0.05% of phenobarbital (PB) was supplied in the drinking water for other 14 weeks. HCC was diagnosed by measuring serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level and histopathological examination. Our results found that hepatic indices alanine transaminase (ALT...
Source: Pathophysiology - September 13, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Can Crude Alkaloids Extract of Rhazya stricta Induce Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer: In vitro study?
Publication date: Available online 8 September 2018Source: PathophysiologyAuthor(s): Nehad Abdulgader ShaerAbstractCancer is a complicated disease that reveals genetic variability even among the cells within the same tumor. Pancreatic cancer is the 12th cause of cancer deaths over the world. As a result of the incomplete recovery and the many side effects of current clinical treatment approaches, Herbal diet therapy as a single or adjuvant therapy show high significant output in cancer treatment. Our study focused on the role of the crude alkaloid extract of Rhazya stricter (R. stricta) on pancreatic cancer cells using MTT...
Source: Pathophysiology - September 9, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
The behavioral characteristics of hypokinetic syndrome in rats
Publication date: September 2018Source: Pathophysiology, Volume 25, Issue 3Author(s): Artem Grigoryan, Grizelda Navasardyan, Samvel Avetisyan, Liana Hayrapetyan (Source: Pathophysiology)
Source: Pathophysiology - August 31, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
