Pathophysiology of iron overload-induced renal injury and dysfunction: Roles of renal oxidative stress and systemic inflammatory mediators
This study investigated renal function and some systemic inflammatory indices in iron-overloaded male Wistar rats.Thirty animals were equally distributed into 3groups and treated daily i.p. with either normal saline (0.2 ml; control), iron (as ferrous sulphate) (15 mg/kg) or iron (30 mg/kg) for 21days respectively. Post-treatment, blood samples were obtained from each animal by cardiac puncture after light anaesthesia into plain sample bottles. Iron, ferritin, transferrin, creatinine, urea, albumin, total protein, interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandins-E2 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were analysed in serum. Ki...
Source: Pathophysiology - March 19, 2019 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Mobile phone electromagnetic radiation affects Amyloid Precursor Protein and α-synuclein metabolism in SH-SY5Y cells
In this study, the effects of low-level, GSM emitted ElectroMagnetic Field (EMF) on Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in human neuroblastoma cells was investigated. Our data indicated alterations on APP processing and cellular topology, following EMF exposure (ℇ = 10.51 V/m, SAR = 0.23 W/kg, exposure time: 3 times, for 10 minutes, for 2 days). Furthermore, changes in monomeric α-syn accumulation and multimerization, as well as induction of oxidative stress and cell death, were documented. The results presented here require further investigation to determine potential links of EMF...
Source: Pathophysiology - March 4, 2019 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Insulin-induced oxidative stress in the brain is nitric oxide-dependent
This study aimed to examine the role of NO in the insulin-NO-oxidative stress axis in the brain. Mice were grouped into four (n = 5) and treated for seven days with 0.2 ml deionized water (control); 10 I.U./kg insulin; 10 I.U./kg insulin + 50 mg/kg L-NAME; and 50 mg/kg L-NAME. The mice were anaesthesized using ketamine + xylazine and sacrificed at the end of the study. Forebrain was immediately harvested from which brain homogenates were prepared in order to determine NO and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity using commercially available kits. Data were p...
Source: Pathophysiology - February 19, 2019 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
L-arginine supplementation lowers blood pressure, protein excretion and plasma lipid profile in experimental salt-induced hypertension in pregnancy: Relevance to preeclampsia
This study aimed to investigate the effects of L-arginine supplementation on blood pressure, protein excretion, lipid profile in salt-induced hypertensive pregnant rats.Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups. Control Preg (normal rat chow). Control Preg + L-ARG (normal rat chow and daily oral L-Arginine from 16th – 20th week). Salt Preg (high salt diet, 8%). Salt Preg + L-ARG (high salt diet, 8% and daily oral L-Arginine from 16th – 20th week. Non-invasive BP was recorded using a tail-cuff machine at 1 st and 2nd trimesters. On day 19 of pregnancy, invasive BP was obtained by carotid artery can...
Source: Pathophysiology - February 14, 2019 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Histological difference of Soleus Muscle fibers due to Sciatic Nerve Transection in Rats
Publication date: Available online 31 August 2018Source: PathophysiologyAuthor(s): Obidallah Aljaghthmi, Isam Abu Zeid, Hassan Heba, Sherif HassanABSTRACTThe structural integrity and activity of the skeletal muscle fibers is dependent on their sound innervations. Degeneration and atrophy of skeletal muscle fibers occurs after denervation. The present study aimed to investigate and assess the structural changes of soleus muscle fibers after severance of sciatic nerve at different periods of time. 25 rats were used and allocated into three groups: control (N = 5), sham operation (N = 5) and the sciatic nerve transect...
Source: Pathophysiology - February 12, 2019 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: March 2019Source: Pathophysiology, Volume 26, Issue 1Author(s): (Source: Pathophysiology)
Source: Pathophysiology - February 12, 2019 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Experimental Obesity and Diabetes Reduce Male Fertility: Potential Involvement of Hypothalamic Kiss-1, Pituitary Nitric Oxide, and Serum Vaspin and Visfatin
In conclusion, obesity and diabetes, alone or combined, had a negative impact on male rat fertility. Moreover, obesity and diabetes combined had more harmful effects on male fertility when compared with obesity alone. Hypothalamic Kiss-1, pituitary NO, and serum vaspin and visfatin may play a role in the pathophysiology of male infertility-associated with obesity and diabetes. (Source: Pathophysiology)
Source: Pathophysiology - February 6, 2019 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Dietary macronutrients modulate hypertrophy and contractility of the detrusor in an experimental model of bladder obstruction
ConclusionThe results of the study reveal that diets with varying macronutrient compositions have variable effects on the bladder with and without obstruction. High-fat diets especially, affect detrusor morphology and function in both obstructed and unobstructed bladders. (Source: Pathophysiology)
Source: Pathophysiology - December 29, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
No association between the abdominal aorta diameter and cervicocephalic atherosclerosis—Potential non-atherosclerotic origins of abdominal aorta aneurysms?
Publication date: Available online 30 November 2018Source: PathophysiologyAuthor(s): Oscar H. Del Brutto, Robertino M. Mera, Aldo F. Costa, Gautam Matcha, Pablo R. CastilloAbstractThe atherosclerotic origin of abdominal aorta (AA) aneurysms is controversial. Using the Atahualpa Project Cohort, we aimed to assess the relationship between the AA diameter and two surrogates of cervicocephalic atherosclerosis, including the carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and the presence of carotid siphon calcifications (CSC). Atahualpa residents aged ≥60 years undergoing ultrasound examinations of the abdominal aorta and the carotid ...
Source: Pathophysiology - December 7, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Aphrodisiac effect of Hunteria umbellata seed extract: modulation of nitric oxide level and arginase activity in vivo
Publication date: Available online 5 December 2018Source: PathophysiologyAuthor(s): Ganiyu Oboh, Adeniyi A. Adebayo, Ayokunle O. Ademosun, Oluwaseun A. AbegundeAbstractHunteria umbellata has been reported useful in managing the male sexual related disorder, but there is a dearth of information on its possible mechanism of action. Hence, this study was designed to investigate the effect of H. umbellata on some sexual behavior parameters in male rats, in order to ascertain its acclaimed aphrodisiac property. Twenty-four male rats were divided into four groups (n = 6). The extract (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight/day) and ...
Source: Pathophysiology - December 6, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Βeta-sitosterol enhances motor coordination, attenuates memory loss and demyelination in a vanadium-induced model of experimental neurotoxicity
Publication date: Available online 5 December 2018Source: PathophysiologyAuthor(s): Olamide Elizabeth Adebiyi, Funsho Olakitike Olayemi, James Olukayode Olopade, Ning-Hua TanABSTRACTEnvironmental discharge of vanadium causes cognitive and behavioral impairments in humans and animals via production of reactive oxygen species leading to lipid peroxidation and alteration in antioxidant defence system. The current study was carried out to investigate the cognitive-enhancing ability of β-sitosterol in vanadium-induced neurotoxicity.Forty eight mice were randomly assigned into 4 groups (A-D) with the following treatments: group...
Source: Pathophysiology - December 6, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Short- and long-term roles of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate PIP2 on Cav3.1- and Cav3.2-T-type calcium channel current
Publication date: Available online 1 December 2018Source: PathophysiologyAuthor(s): Yangong Liu, Tomohiro Iwano, Fangfang Ma, Pu Wang, Yan Wang, Mingqi Zheng, Gang Liu, Katsushige OnoAbstractT-type calcium (Ca2+) channels play important physiological functions in excitable cells including cardiomyocyte. Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) has recently been reported to modulate various ion channels’ function. However the actions of PIP2 on the T-type Ca2+ channel remain unclear. To elucidate possible effects of PIP2 on the T-type Ca2+ channel, we applied patch clamp method to investigate recombinant CaV3.1- and C...
Source: Pathophysiology - December 2, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Role of oxidative stress, angiogenesis and chemo-attractant cytokines in the pathogenesis of ischaemic protection induced by remote ischaemic conditioning: study of a human model of ischaemia-reperfusion induced vascular injury
ConclusionRIC has protective effects against endothelial IR injury. Our biomarker study suggests that anti-oxidative stress mediators, such as SOD, seem to be more involved in the pathogenesis of RIC-induced protection in humans than angiogenesis factors or chemo-attractant cytokines. (Source: Pathophysiology)
Source: Pathophysiology - December 1, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
No association between the abdominal aorta diameter and cervicocephalic atherosclerosis. Potential non-atherosclerotic origins of abdominal aorta aneurysms?
Publication date: Available online 30 November 2018Source: PathophysiologyAuthor(s): Oscar H. Del Brutto, Robertino M. Mera, Aldo F. Costa, Gautam Matcha, Pablo R. CastilloAbstractThe atherosclerotic origin of abdominal aorta (AA) aneurysms is controversial. Using the Atahualpa Project Cohort, we aimed to assess the relationship between the AA diameter and two surrogates of cervicocephalic atherosclerosis, including the carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and the presence of carotid siphon calcifications (CSC). Atahualpa residents aged ≥60 years undergoing ultrasound examinations of the abdominal aorta and the carotid ...
Source: Pathophysiology - December 1, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: December 2018Source: Pathophysiology, Volume 25, Issue 4Author(s): (Source: Pathophysiology)
Source: Pathophysiology - November 18, 2018 Category: Pathology Source Type: research
