Bacterial and Viral Pneumonia: New Insights from the Drakenstein Child Health Study
Pneumonia remains the major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality globally, despite improved preventative strategies. Increasing evidence also links early life pneumonia with the development of chronic non-communicable respiratory diseases into childhood and adulthood. The Drakenstein Child Health Study is a unique, multidisciplinary, South African birth cohort, investigating the incidence, risk factors, aetiology and long term impact of early life pneumonia on child health. The study provides novel data showing a high incidence of pneumonia despite excellent immunisation coverage; that pneumonia is due to multiple pa...
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - June 11, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Heather J Zar Tags: Mini-symposium Source Type: research
When should parapneumonic pleural effusions be drained in children?
Pneumonia is an important health problem in children, and parapneumonic pleural effusion (PPE) is a frequent complication. There is no standard strategy for treating PPE, reflected in the few international guidelines that have been published on the issue. Compared to adults, there is no consensus on the utility of pleural fluid analysis in paediatric PPE. This is because of the lack of good evidence either in favour or against it and the risks of procedural sedation for acquiring pleural fluid for analysis to guide management. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - May 31, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Gilberto Bueno Fischer, Helena Teresinha Mocelin, Cistiano Feij ó Andrade, Edgar E. Sarria Tags: Clinical usefulness Source Type: research
When should Parapneumonic Pleural Effusions be drained in Children?
Pneumonia is an important health problem in children, and parapneumonic pleural effusion (PPE) is a frequent complication. There is no standard strategy for treating PPE, reflected in the few international guidelines that have been published on the issue. Compared to adults, there is no consensus on the utility of pleural fluid analysis in paediatric PPE. This is because of the lack of good evidence either in favour or against it and the risks of procedural sedation for acquiring pleural fluid for analysis to guide management. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - May 31, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Gilberto Bueno Fischer, Helena Teresinha Mocelin, Cistiano Feij ó Andrade, Edgar E. Sarria Tags: Clinical usefulness Source Type: research
Strategies for Improving early nutritional outcomes in children with oesophageal atresia and congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Post-natal growth in surgical lung conditions, such as congenital diaphragmatic hernia and oesophageal atresia with tracheo-oesophageal fistula, is often sub-optimal in the early years of life when lung growth is occurring. Whilst constitutional, behavioural and mechanical factors may contribute to poor feeding and weight gain, there is a common path of management with greater caloric supplementation that may change growth trajectories and potentially lead to better respiratory, anthropometric and cognitive outcomes. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - May 30, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Dominic A. Fitzgerald, Andrea Kench, Lucy Hatton, Jonathan Karpelowsky Tags: Clinical usefulness Source Type: research
Postnatal steroids in extreme preterm infants: intra-tracheal instillation using surfactant as a vehicle
Chronic Lung Disease (CLD) is a common respiratory morbidity in survivors following extreme preterm birth, and is associated with adverse neurodevelopment in the long term. Besides demographics, multiple risk factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of CLD. However, early lung inflammation appears to be the common pathway that leads to the pathological and clinical changes observed in CLD. Post-natal use of systemic steroids has been successful in reducing the incidence of CLD but resulted in unacceptable adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - May 30, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: L. Boel, S. Banerjee, M. Chakraborty Tags: Review Source Type: research
Ataluren and similar compounds (specific therapies for premature termination codon class I mutations) for cystic fibrosis
(Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - April 26, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Kevin W Southern Source Type: research
Question 12: What do you consider when discussing treatment adherence in patients with Cystic Fibrosis?
(Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - April 26, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Mon Ohn, Dominic A. Fitzgerald Tags: Cystic Fibrosis: Frequently Asked Questions Source Type: research
Interventions to improve inhaler technique and adherence to inhaled corticosteroids in children with asthma
(Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - April 8, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Rebecca Normansell, Kayleigh Kew, Elizabeth Stovold, Alexander Mathioudakis, Emma Dennett Source Type: research
Dyspnea in Children: What is driving it and how to approach it
(Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - March 30, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Larry C. Lands Tags: Clinical usefulness Source Type: research
Anorexia nervosa in cystic fibrosis
This article explores the challenges associated with diagnosing and managing eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa amongst adolescents and adults with cystic fibrosis. It reviews the known risk factors, generic verses disease specific eating disorder risk screening tools and considers the ethical dilemmas associated with critically low body mass indices. A case review is included to illustrate the complexities of managing both conditions in the context of declining respiratory function. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - March 23, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Lynette Linkson, Patricia Macedo, Felicity M.R. Perrin, Caroline M. Elston Tags: Review Source Type: research
Anorexia nervosa in Cystic Fibrosis
This article explores the challenges associated with diagnosing and managing eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa amongst adolescents and adults with cystic fibrosis. It reviews the known risk factors, generic verses disease specific eating disorder risk screening tools and considers the ethical dilemmas associated with critically low body mass indices. A case review is included to illustrate the complexities of managing both conditions in the context of declining respiratory function. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - March 23, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Lynette Linkson, P. Macedo, F.M.R. Perrin, C.M. Elston Tags: Review Source Type: research
Airway Clearance Techniques for Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia; is the Cystic Fibrosis literature portable?
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare inherited disease with impaired mucociliary clearance. Airway clearance techniques (ACTs) are commonly recommended for patients with PCD to facilitate mucus clearance, despite a lack of evidence in this group. Current physiotherapy practice in PCD is based on evidence extrapolated from the field of Cystic Fibrosis (CF). This paper focuses on the available evidence and outlines challenges in extrapolating evidence between the conditions for best clinical practice. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - March 17, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Lynne Marie Schofield, Alistair Duff, Cathy Brennan Tags: Review Source Type: research
All the “RAGE” in lung disease: The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is a major mediator of pulmonary inflammatory responses
The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is a pro-inflammatory pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory diseases. It was discovered in 1992 on endothelial cells and was named for its ability to bind advanced glycation endproducts and promote vascular inflammation in the vessels of patients with diabetes. Further studies revealed that RAGE is most highly expressed in lung tissue and spurred numerous explorations into RAGE ’s role in the lung. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - March 17, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Elizabeth A. Oczypok, Timothy N. Perkins, Tim D. Oury Tags: Today's Science - Tomorrow's Medicine Source Type: research
Clostridium difficile and cystic fibrosis: management strategies and the role of faecal transplantation
This article provides an overview of the current management strategies for C.difficile in CF, including a description of the first faecal transplantation in this patient population. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - March 16, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Roisin Dunwoody, Alan Steel, Jonathan Landy, Nicholas Simmonds Tags: Review Source Type: research
Telemedicine is the way forward for the management of cystic fibrosis – the case in favour
Despite rapid changes in Information and Communication Technology, outpatient chronic disease management has changed very little in decades. However, the introduction of Telemedicine defined here as the use of remote patient-centred clinical services including the use of video and audio connections, telemonitoring and mobile applications provides us with an ideal opportunity to revolutionise care. Its appeal in cystic fibrosis (CF) care is clear offering better access to services, the opportunity of earlier intervention and improved monitoring and self management through virtual clinics and the use of real-time application...
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - March 16, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Robert Ian Ketchell Tags: Review Source Type: research
