Kleine-Levin Syndrome
Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) is a rare disorder characterized by discrete episodes of hypersomnia associated with cognitive and behavioural abnormalities, as well as normal alertness and function between episodes. The prevalence of KLS may be underestimated as it is often misdiagnosed and managed as another sleep disorder, neurological disorder or psychiatric condition. KLS is more typically seen in adolescence than at other ages, and is more common in males than in females. There are currently neither standard biomarkers nor specific imaging study findings, making the diagnosis of KLS a challenge. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - December 22, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Olufunke Afolabi-Brown, Thornton B.A. Mason Tags: Mini-Symposium: Pediatric Hypersomnolence Symposium Source Type: research
Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Childhood Narcolepsy
It is now recognized that there are two types of narcolepsy. Narcolepsy type I or Narcolepsy with cataplexy is caused by the loss of hypocretin or orexin neurons. Narcolepsy type II or narcolepsy without cataplexy has normal hypocretin and the etiology is unknown. Hypocretin is a neuropeptide produced by neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. Both genetic and environmental factors play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of narcolepsy. Most patients with narcolepsy type I and half of patients with narcolepsy type II carry HLA-DQB1*0602. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - December 21, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Thomas Dye, Neepa Gurbani, Narong Simakajornboon Tags: Mini-symposium Source Type: research
MicroRNAs in Lung Development and Disease
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small ( ∼22 nucleotides), non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by inhibiting target mRNAs. Research into the roles of miRNAs in lung development and disease is at the early stages. In this review, we discuss the role of miRNAs in pediatric respiratory disease, incl uding cystic fibrosis, asthma, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - December 13, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Dustin Ameis, Naghmeh Khoshgoo, Barbara M. Iwasiow, Phillip Snarr, Richard Keijzer Source Type: research
Tobacco, vaccine preventable diseases and malnutrition: More to be done to prevent respiratory disease
“We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future”Franklin D Roosevelt (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - December 12, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Dominic A. Fitzgerald Tags: Mini-symposium: Interventions to Prevent Respiratory Disease Source Type: research
Mini-symposium: Interventions to Prevent Respiratory Disease
(Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - December 12, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Dominic A. Fitzgerald Source Type: research
Maternal Effects on Paediatric Lung Health and Disease
Over several months in the winter of 1944-45, a severe famine befell the Netherlands, as abnormally bad weather compounded the cruelties of World War II. Adult rations fell to as little as 400 – 800 calories per day. A cohort of infants born to women who survived this deprivation have since been followed as the Dutch Famine Birth Cohort. Those who were conceived, or in the earliest stages of development, during the famine turned out to be have a higher than expected incidence of coronar y artery disease, abnormal lipid profiles and other signs of metabolic syndrome [1]. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - November 21, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Henry Rozycki Tags: Mini-Symposium: Maternal Diseases effecting the newborn Source Type: research
Risk Factors for Development of Pulmonary Hypertension in Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are at increased risk for development of Pulmonary Hypertension (PHT). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify risk factors for development of PHT in infants with BPD. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - November 21, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Mohamed Nagiub, Usama Kanaan, Dawn Simon, Lokesh Guglani Source Type: research
Sleep is an eye-opener: Behavioral causes and consequences of hypersomnolence in children
The most common behavioral cause of hypersomnia in children is insufficient sleep. Behavioral causes of insufficient sleep for children, ages six months through 12 years, include inadequate sleep hygiene, bedtime struggles, prolonged sleep onset latency, nighttime fears, and nightmares. Behavioral interventions are efficacious and should be individualized to meet the needs of the child and family. Insufficient sleep affects many areas of child development, including academic, cognitive, and psychosocial, as well as parents and caregivers. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - November 21, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Jocelyn H. Thomas, Darcy E. Burgers Source Type: research
Mini-symposium: Maternal Effects on Paediatric Lung Health and Disease
(Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - November 21, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Henry J. Rozycki Source Type: research
Pathophysiology, screening and diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia - A review of the literature
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common complication of extreme prematurity, which has increased over the last 20 years. BPD is associated with increased morbidities and mortality. It has been increasingly recognized that BPD affects overall lung development including the pulmonary vasculature. More recent studies have demonstrated an increased awareness of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH) in BPD patients and recent international guidelines have advocated for better screening. This review will describe the current understanding of the pathophysiology of PH in infants with BPD, the in-depth assessment of the availa...
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - November 7, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Gabriel Altit, Adrian Dancea, Claudia Renaud, Th érèse Perreault, Larry C. Lands, Guilherme Sant’Anna Tags: Mini-Symposium: Pulmonary Hypertension Source Type: research
The consequences of chronic cannabis smoking in vulnerable adolescents
Cannabis, like the mythic shape-shifter, presents in various guises, morphing with the perspective and context of the observer. Arguments about cannabis are confused by a myriad of debates —medical, social, ethical and political—as if a single conceptual umbrella can capture the variety and granularity of marijuana-related issues. This paper responds to marijuana use as it is commonly practised by youth in Australia. It has little to say about synthetic cannabinoids, specific medi cinal cannabinoids, or medicinal properties of marijuana. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - November 7, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Montaha Al Iede, Kenneth Nunn, Bronwyn Milne, Dominic A. Fitzgerald Source Type: research
“Pathophysiology, screening and diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia - A review of the literature”
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common complication of extreme prematurity, which has increased over the last 20 years. BPD is associated with increased morbidities and mortality. It has been increasingly recognized that BPD affects overall lung development including the pulmonary vasculature. More recent studies have demonstrated an increased awareness of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH) in BPD patients and recent international guidelines have advocated for better screening. This review will describe the current understanding of the pathophysiology of PH in infants with BPD, the in-depth assessment of the availa...
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - November 7, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Gabriel Altit, Adrian Dancea, Claudia Renaud, Th érèse Perreault, Larry C. Lands, Guilherme Sant’Anna Source Type: research
Topical cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene replacement for cystic fibrosis-related lung disease
(Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - November 4, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: LA Perry, JC Penny-Dimri, AA Aslam, TW Lee, KW Southern Source Type: research
Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension: Who to consider, how to confirm and when to follow-up
(Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - October 30, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Dominic A Fitzgerald, Ernst Eber, Larry C Lands Source Type: research
Vitamin d and the lung
Vitamin D metabolism is complex and its deficiency has proven to be deleterious in bone health, and to have significant effects on the immune and cardiovascular systems. Vitamin D has also been associated with pulmonary diseases outcomes. This review will focus on vitamin D metabolism, and studies performed mostly in children with asthma or Cystic Fibrosis. (Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews)
Source: Paediatric Respiratory Reviews - October 30, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Sofia Konstantinopoulou, Ignacio E. Tapia Source Type: research
