MicroRNA-based classifiers for diagnosis of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma in tissue and plasma
The worldwide annual incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is estimated to be over 300,000 [1]. Over the last 20 years, the prognosis of patients with OSCC has improved; however, 5-year overall survival is still only around 50% when including all stages and anatomic sub-sites [2]. In early-stage OSCC (clinical T1-T2N0M0), the strongest prognostic risk factor for survival is the presence of occult lymph node metastases, which are detectable by histopathological examination in up to 30–40% of these patients [3–5]. (Source: Oral Oncology)
Source: Oral Oncology - June 12, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Nicklas Juel Pedersen, David Hebbelstrup Jensen, Giedrius Lelkaitis, Katalin Kiss, Birgitte Wittenborg Charabi, Henrik Ullum, Lena Specht, Ane Yde Schmidt, Finn Cilius Nielsen, Christian von Buchwald Source Type: research
Adverse effects of chemotherapy on the teeth and surrounding tissues of children with cancer: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Considerable improvements have been seen during the last decades in the development of effective treatment protocols for childhood cancer, which usually consist of multiagent chemotherapy (CH), radiotherapy, or a combination of both. For example, the cure rate for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), which is the most common childhood malignancy [1], has increased from less than 30% during the 1960s to an 80 –86% 5-year overall survival [2]. (Source: Oral Oncology)
Source: Oral Oncology - June 12, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Dan Mike Busenhart, Juliane Erb, Georgios Rigakos, Theodore Eliades, Spyridon N. Papageorgiou Tags: Review Source Type: research
Risk and survival of patients with medullary thyroid cancer: National perspective
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor that accounts for 1% –2% of thyroid cancers in the United States [1]. MTC derives from the neuroendocrine parafollicular calcitonin-producing (C) cells of the thyroid [2]. Sporadic MTC accounts for the majority of MTC, approximately 80%, while the remaining presents as part of inherited tumor syndromes, such as multip le endocrine neoplasia type 2A and 2B, or familial MTC [2]. (Source: Oral Oncology)
Source: Oral Oncology - June 12, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Zaid Al-Qurayshi, Helmi Khadra, Kristi Chang, Nitin Pagedar, Gregory W. Randolph, Emad Kandil Source Type: research
Swallowing beyond six years post (chemo)radiotherapy for head and neck cancer; a cohort study
Dysphagia is a common and serious side effect of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for head and neck cancer (HNC). A small number of longitudinal studies describe swallowing outcomes with follow up periods ranging from six to 24 months. These report on patients following Intensity Modulated CRT [1,2], or accelerated radiotherapy for pharyngeal cancer [3], or a combination of post-radiotherapy and post-CRT patients [4,5]. All identify a significant deterioration in swallowing from pre- to post-treatment. There is disagree ment about the subsequent trajectory, three reporting little recovery up to two years following treatment [1,3...
Source: Oral Oncology - June 12, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: J.M. Patterson, E. McColl, P.N. Carding, J.A. Wilson Source Type: research
The impact of unplanned reoperations in head and neck cancer surgery on survival
The head and neck area is comprised of complex anatomical structure in close association with respiration, swallowing, speaking and appearance. Thus, head and neck cancer (HNC) surgery is frequently combined with reconstructive surgery. Surgical ablation of tumors is still one of the main treatment options for HNC. It plays an independent role in early stage HNC [1]. Along with non-surgical treatment modalities, surgical ablation has been used for advanced stage HNC [1]. Most HNCs are diagnosed in the elderly and they are associated with habitual smoking, alcohol drinking and malnutrition [2 –4]. (Source: Oral Oncology)
Source: Oral Oncology - June 12, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Nayeon Choi, Song I Park, Hyeseung Kim, Insuk Sohn, Han-Sin Jeong Source Type: research
Vanderbilt head and neck symptom survey, version 2.0: Clinical and research utility for identification of symptom clusters and changes in symptoms over time
The symptom burden caused by head and neck cancer (HNC), combined with the related side effects of definitive surgical, systemic, and radiotherapeutic interventions, is among the most relentless of all malignancies [1,2]. Symptoms experienced by HNC patients are not only severe, but also broad in scope, encompassing both local symptoms such as mucositis and dysphagia [3,4], as well as systemic symptoms of fatigue, depression, and neurocognitive changes [5]. Furthermore, these patients may suffer multiple functional deficits, including impairment of salivation, swallowing, phonation, taste, smell, hearing, and range of moti...
Source: Oral Oncology - June 9, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sheila H. Ridner, Bethany A. Rhoten, Kenneth J. Niermann, Barbara A. Murphy, Mary S. Dietrich Source Type: research
Frequent HPV-independent p16/INK4A overexpression in head and neck cancer
Human papillomavirus (HPV), in particular the HPV16 subtype, represents a major independent risk factor for oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPSCC), a group of head and neck squamous cell cancers (HNSCC) affecting the tonsils and base of tongue [1 –3]. This is a rapidly evolving cancer in the Western world, with rising trends particularly in the young [4,5]. The most commonly used biomarker for HPV (+) HNSCC in the clinical setting at present is p16INK4A (p16), encoded by the CDKN2A gene (cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor 2A). (Source: Oral Oncology)
Source: Oral Oncology - June 9, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Matt Lechner, Ankur R. Chakravarthy, Vonn Walter, Liam Masterson, Andrew Feber, Amrita Jay, Paul M. Weinberger, Richard A. McIndoe, Cillian T. Forde, Kerry Chester, Nicholas Kalavrezos, Paul O'Flynn, Martin Forster, Terry M. Jones, Francis M. Vaz, D. Neil Source Type: research
A mixed methods examination of distress and person-centred experience of head and neck lymphoedema
The incidence of distress in the general cancer population ranges from 29 to 58% [1 –3]. Distress is linked to increased rates of hospitalisation, and poorer satisfaction and compliance with treatment, poorer quality of life (QoL) and survival [4,5]. The US National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) [6] has endorsed distress as the “sixth vital sign”, recommending routine d istress screening during times of vulnerability along the cancer trajectory [7]. The NCCN [6] notes that patients with social issues, uncontrolled symptoms or communication barriers are at increased risk for clinically-significant distress requi...
Source: Oral Oncology - June 8, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jodie L. Nixon, Amanda E. Pigott, Bena Cartmill, Jane Turner, Jennifer Fleming, Sandro V. Porceddu Source Type: research
Sentinel node biopsy in early oral squamous cell carcinomas: Long-term follow-up and nodal failure analysis
The management of T1/T2 cN0 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains controversial, with the two historical attitudes of watchful waiting and neck dissection (ND). The presence of lymph node metastases in the neck represents one of the most important adverse prognostic factors for patients with OSCC [1]. However, current imaging techniques are not considered to be sufficiently sensitive to detect occult lymphatic disease in cN0 neck [2]. With ND, it is expected that approximately 20% of cN0 patients will be harboring lymphatic metastases [3,4], and therefore benefit from this procedure. (Source: Oral Oncology)
Source: Oral Oncology - June 6, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: A. Moya-Plana, A. Aup érin, J. Guerlain, P. Gorphe, O. Casiraghi, G. Mamelle, A. Melkane, J. Lumbroso, F. Janot, S. Temam Source Type: research
Impact of obesity on outcomes for patients with head and neck cancer
Obesity rates have dramatically increased in the United States over the past two decades [1], and its relationship to cancer has been well documented. Higher body mass index (BMI) has been shown to increase the incidence of many types of cancer [2] and overall cancer mortality in healthy adults [3]. Obesity has also been shown to affect cancer prognosis, decreasing survival in patients diagnosed with cancers of the breast [4,5], colon [6], lung [7] and pancreas [8], among others. (Source: Oral Oncology)
Source: Oral Oncology - June 5, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Daniel F. Hicks, Richard Bakst, John Doucette, Benjamin H. Kann, Brett Miles, Eric Genden, Krzysztof Misiukiewicz, Marshall Posner, Vishal Gupta Source Type: research
Magnitude of benefit for adjuvant radiotherapy following minimally invasive surgery in intermediate to high risk HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
The incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has steadily increased in recent years [1]. High-risk strains of human papillomavirus (HPV) are being recognized as a key driver in this change and are predicted to account for the majority of oropharyngeal carcinomas by 2030 [2 –4]. HPV-positive tumors have greater radio- and chemo-sensitivity which confer more favorable survival rates when compared to HPV-negative tumors [5,6]. Given the fundamental differences in the biology underlying HPV-positive OPSCC, a re-evaluation of traditional treatment algorithms is currently underway in a number of de-intensific...
Source: Oral Oncology - June 5, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Dario Pasalic, Ryan K. Funk, Joaqu ín J. García, Daniel L. Price, Katharine A. Price, William S. Harmsen, Samir H. Patel, Geoffrey D. Young, Robert L. Foote, Eric J. Moore, Daniel J. Ma Source Type: research
Metabolic signature of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Consequences of TP53 mutation and therapeutic perspectives
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is the sixth most common cancer globally with an estimated incidence of 750,000 cases per year [1]. Whilst tobacco and alcohol consumption are the major risk factors [2], human papillomavirus (HPV) has emerged as a cause of a specific subset of SCCHN [3]. Despite advances in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, survival outcomes for HPV-negative SCCHN have not improved significantly over the last 20 years, still accounting for nearly 350,000 deaths annually worldwide [1]. (Source: Oral Oncology)
Source: Oral Oncology - June 2, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Mark D. Wilkie, Andrew S. Lau, Nikolina Vlatkovic, Terence M. Jones, Mark T. Boyd Tags: Review Source Type: research
HEY1 is expressed independent of NOTCH1 and is associated with poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
The Notch signaling pathway regulates normal cell growth, survival and differentiation, while alterations in Notch signaling are implicated in numerous malignancy types including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) [1 –4]. Although Notch signaling is aberrant in a significant subset of HNSCCs, the underlying mechanisms and clinical significance of these alterations are not well understood. A role for Notch signaling in HNSCC was first described when the NOTCH1 gene was found to carry mutations in 10–15% of HN SCCs [2,3,5,6]. (Source: Oral Oncology)
Source: Oral Oncology - June 1, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Eleni M. Rettig, Justin A. Bishop, Nishant Agrawal, Christine H. Chung, Rajni Sharma, Fernando Zamuner, Ryan J. Li, Wayne M. Koch, Joseph A. Califano, Theresa Guo, Daria A. Gaykalova, Carole Fakhry Source Type: research
Prevalence, prognosis, and treatment implications of retropharyngeal nodes in unknown primary head and neck carcinoma
Despite diagnostic efforts to locate a primary tumor, roughly 3 percent of patients presenting with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) to the neck will have no identifiable primary site [1]. Patients who initially present with metastatic lymph node(s) usually undergo a diagnostic work-up that includes physical examination, diagnostic imaging, which may include PET/CT, as well as pan-endoscopy and biopsy of suspicious mucosal primary sites and palatine tonsillectomy. This historical approach may identify as many as 44% of primary tumors [2]. (Source: Oral Oncology)
Source: Oral Oncology - June 1, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Gilad Horowitz, Ali Hosni, Eugene Yu, Wei Xu, Lin Lu, Michael Au, Peter R. Dixon, Dale Brown, Douglas B. Chepeha, Ralph W. Gilbert, David P. Goldstein, Patrick J. Gullane, Jonathan C. Irish, Andrew Bayley, John Cho, Meredith Giuliani, Shao Hui Huang, Andr Source Type: research
Investigation of the surgical strategies for unilateral multifocal cystadenolymphomas of the parotid gland
The multifocal nature of cystadenolymphomas of the parotid gland, also known as Warthin ’s tumors, has been well documented, with a reported incidence of 6.2–50% in the relevant literature [1–6]. Our therapeutic strategy in treating these tumors is determined by the need for low perioperative morbidity if revision surgery is required for an ipsilateral metachronous tumor. When th e primary surgical removal of very large cystadenolymphomas involves dissection of the facial nerve trunk and at least one of its main branches, excessive scar formation around this critical structure is to be expected, increasing the risk o...
Source: Oral Oncology - June 1, 2018 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Konstantinos Mantsopoulos, Michael Koch, Miguel Goncalves, Heinrich Iro Source Type: research
