Sarcopenia in patients with non ‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: is it a clinically significant entity?
SummarySarcopenia, described as the loss of muscle mass and/or strength, is gaining importance as it can be increasingly related to many chronic diseases. It is also associated with chronic liver disease, and recently it has been more frequently linked to non ‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in particular. Both sarcopenia and NAFLD are subject to complex and intermingled pathophysiological processes, of which some are in common. Furthermore, it is presently unclear if sarcopenia directly contributes to NAFLD orvice versa. The mechanisms that are involved may include obesity, insulin resistance, vitamin D deficiency...
Source: Obesity Reviews - November 25, 2018 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Authors: C. H. De Fr é,
M. A. De Fré,
W. J. Kwanten,
B. J. Op de Beeck,
L. F. Van Gaal,
S. M. Francque Tags: Obesity Comorbidity Source Type: research
The role of mindfulness in physical activity: a systematic review
SummaryDespite continued public health campaigns to promote physical activity, a majority of the population is inactive. In recent years, mindfulness ‐based approaches have been used in health and lifestyle interventions for physical activity promotion. We conducted a systematic literature review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines to investigate the evidence for the potential of mindfulness ‐based approaches for physical activity. We searched electronic databases for papers that met eligibility criteria and identified 40 studies for inclusion. Evidence from cross...
Source: Obesity Reviews - November 23, 2018 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Authors: J. Schneider,
P. Malinowski,
P. M. Watson,
P. Lattimore Tags: Behavior/Etiology Source Type: research
Brief tools to measure obesity ‐related behaviours in children under 5 years of age: A systematic review
ConclusionsThere is a need to develop brief tools to measure early life obesity ‐related behaviours, particularly those assessing sedentary behaviour and sleep and tools that cover multiple domains. (Source: Obesity Reviews)
Source: Obesity Reviews - November 23, 2018 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Authors: Rebecca Byrne,
Lucy Bell,
Rachael W. Taylor,
Chelsea Mauch,
Seema Mihrshahi,
Dorota Zarnowiecki,
Kylie D. Hesketh,
Li Ming Wen,
Stewart G. Trost,
Rebecca Golley Tags: PEDIATRIC OBESITY/BEHAVIOR Source Type: research
Pre ‐ and post‐diagnosis body mass index and heart failure mortality: a dose–response meta‐analysis of observational studies reveals greater risk of being underweight than being overweight
ConclusionsThis meta ‐analysis showed those with both high and low pre‐diagnosis BMI had higher risk for HF mortality, with a greater risk from being too underweight, rather than being obese. No significant association was found between post‐diagnosis BMI and the risk of HF mortality. Further detailed investigatio ns are needed to accurately examine the potential mechanistic links between BMI and health outcomes. (Source: Obesity Reviews)
Source: Obesity Reviews - November 22, 2018 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Authors: A. Milajerdi,
K. Djafarian,
S. Shab ‐Bidar,
J. R. Speakman Tags: Obesity Comorbidity Source Type: research
Comprehensive identification of pleiotropic loci for body fat distribution using the NHGRI ‐EBI Catalog of published genome‐wide association studies
SummaryWe conducted a hypothesis ‐free cross‐trait analysis for waist‐to‐hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (WHRadjBMI) loci derived through genome ‐wide association studies (GWAS). Summary statistics from published GWAS were used to capture all WHRadjBMI single ‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and their proxy SNPs were identified. These SNPs were used to extract cross‐trait associations between WHRadjBMI SNPs and other traits through the NHGRI ‐EBI GWAS Catalog. Pathway analysis was conducted for pleiotropic WHRadjBMI SNPs. We found 160 WHRadjBMI SNPs and 3675 proxy SNPs. Cross ‐trait analysis ident...
Source: Obesity Reviews - November 22, 2018 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Authors: Yuvreet Kaur,
Dominic X. Wang,
Hsin ‐Yen Liu,
David Meyre Tags: OBESITY GENETICS Source Type: research
Low glycaemic index diets as an intervention for obesity: a systematic review and meta ‐analysis
ConclusionsLow GI diets, especially diets achieving a substantial decrease in GI, were moderately effective in lowering body weight. However, efforts should be made to increase compliance with low GI diets, in order for them to be effective in people with overweight and obesity. (Source: Obesity Reviews)
Source: Obesity Reviews - November 20, 2018 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Authors: M. I. Zafar,
K. E. Mills,
J. Zheng,
M. M. Peng,
X. Ye,
L. L. Chen Tags: Obesity Treatment Source Type: research
Systematic review of olfactory shifts related to obesity
ConclusionsOur review finds strong evidence for the link between olfaction and obesity and indicates that bariatric surgery (particularly thesleeve gastrectomy) is effective in reversing olfactory decline associated with obesity. In conclusion, we present mechanistic models to underpin the observed relationship between olfaction and obesity. (Source: Obesity Reviews)
Source: Obesity Reviews - November 19, 2018 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Authors: Mei Peng,
Duncan Coutts,
Ting Wang,
Yusuf O. Cakmak Tags: ETIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Source Type: research
Vitamin D and cardiometabolic disorders: a review of current evidence, genetic determinants and pathomechanisms
SummaryVitamin D deficiency has been implicated in the pathophysiology of cardiometabolic disorders including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and polycystic ovary syndrome. Despite a large number of experimental and observational studies supporting a role for vitamin D in these pathologies, randomized controlled trials have reported little to no effect of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention or treatment of these disorders, although some results remain ambiguous. Polymorphisms in genes related to vitamin D metabolism, particularly in the vitamin D receptor and binding protein and the metab...
Source: Obesity Reviews - November 18, 2018 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Authors: C. Marquina,
A. Mousa,
R. Scragg,
B. Courten Tags: Obesity Comorbidity/Etiology and Pathophysiology Source Type: research
The influence of high ‐intensity interval training on anthropometric variables of adults afflicted with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis
ConclusionsHigh ‐intensity interval training and moderate‐intensity continuous training results were similar, particularly when equalization between the two methods was considered. Thus, HIIT can be used as a secondary method for the treatment of obesity in adults. (Source: Obesity Reviews)
Source: Obesity Reviews - November 18, 2018 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Authors: L. V. Andreato,
J. V. Esteves,
D. R. Coimbra,
A. J. P. Moraes,
T. Carvalho Tags: Obesity Management Source Type: research
Mechanisms underlying Ucp1 dependent and independent adipocyte thermogenesis
SummaryThe growing focus on brown adipocytes has spurred an interest in their potential benefits for metabolic diseases. Brown and beige (or brite) adipocytes express high levels of uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) to dissipate heat instead of generating ATP. Ucp1 induction by stimuli including cold, exercise, and diet increases nonshivering thermogenesis, leading to increased energy expenditure and prevention of obesity. Recently, studies in adipocytes have indicated the existence of functional Ucp1 ‐independent thermogenic regulators. Furthermore, substrate cycling involving creatine metabolites, cold‐induced N‐acyl ami...
Source: Obesity Reviews - November 18, 2018 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Authors: Seo ‐Hyuk Chang,
No‐Joon Song,
Jin Hee Choi,
Ui Jeong Yun,
Kye Won Park Tags: PHYSIOLOGY Source Type: research
Effects of health at every size ® interventions on health‐related outcomes of people with overweight and obesity: a systematic review
ConclusionsDespite improving the cardiovascular status, eating behaviours, quality of life and psychological well ‐being in participants, other large long‐term clinical trials should be performed to establish the effectiveness of HAES®‐based interventions in improving health for people with overweight and obesity. PROSPERO registration 2017: CRD42017054857. (Source: Obesity Reviews)
Source: Obesity Reviews - November 13, 2018 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Authors: M. D. Ulian,
L. Aburad,
M. S. Silva Oliveira,
A. C. M. Poppe,
F. Sabatini,
I. Perez,
B. Gualano,
F. B. Benatti,
A. J. Pinto,
O. J. Roble,
A. Vessoni,
P. Morais Sato,
R. F. Unsain,
F. Baeza Scagliusi Tags: Obesity Management/Obesity Comorbidities Source Type: research
Overweight and obesity as major, modifiable risk factors for urinary incontinence in young to mid ‐aged women: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
SummaryThe purpose of this review and meta ‐analysis was to evaluate overweight and obesity as risk factors for urinary incontinence in young to mid‐aged women. Understanding these relationships during this life stage is important as early onset increases the risk for developing severe and persistent incontinence. A systematic search res ulted in 497 citations, 14 of which were retained for review. Data were analysed by overweight and obesity and by subtype of urinary incontinence – stress, urge, mixed and severe. When compared with ‘normal’ body mass index, overweight was associated with a one‐third increase i...
Source: Obesity Reviews - November 13, 2018 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Authors: T. J. Lamerton,
L. Torquati,
W. J. Brown Tags: Obesity Comorbidity Source Type: research
Network meta ‐analysis of the relative efficacy of bariatric surgeries for diabetes remission
ConclusionCurrent network meta ‐analysis indicated that BPD or mini‐GBP achieved higher diabetes remission rates than the other procedures. However, the result needs to be interpreted with caution considering that these procedures were in the minority of bariatric surgeries. (Source: Obesity Reviews)
Source: Obesity Reviews - November 13, 2018 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Authors: S. Kodama,
K. Fujihara,
C. Horikawa,
M. Harada,
H. Ishiguro,
M. Kaneko,
K. Furukawa,
Y. Matsubayashi,
S. Matsunaga,
H. Shimano,
S. Tanaka,
K. Kato,
H. Sone Tags: Obesity Surgery/Obesity Comorbidity Source Type: research
Weight loss associated with sodium ‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibition: a review of evidence and underlying mechanisms
SummaryWith their novel, insulin ‐independent mechanism, sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a major turning point in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. At present, there are several SGLT2 inhibitors available or in development, and these oral anti‐hyperglycaemic agents lower plasma glucose throug h the inhibition of SGLT2‐mediated reuptake of filtered glucose in the kidney. This unique mechanism of action is also expected to result in other beneficial effects, such as weight loss and blood pressure reduction. In various studies, including randomized controlled trials and real‐world s...
Source: Obesity Reviews - November 13, 2018 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Authors: P. C. Lee,
S. Ganguly,
S. ‐Y. Goh Tags: Obesity Treatment/Etiology and Pathophysiology Source Type: research
Issue Information
No abstract is available for this article. (Source: Obesity Reviews)
Source: Obesity Reviews - November 13, 2018 Category: Eating Disorders & Weight Management Tags: Issue Information Source Type: research
