Chloride homeodynamics underlying modal shifts in cellular and network oscillations
Publication date: Available online 24 February 2020Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Atsuo FukudaAbstractγ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) generally induces hyperpolarization and inhibition in the adult brain, but causes depolarization (and can be excitatory) in the immature brain. Depolarizing GABA actions are necessary for neurogenesis, differentiation, migration, and synaptogenesis. Additionally, the conversion of GABA responses from inhibition to excitation can be induced in adults by pathological conditions. Because GABAA receptors are Cl- channels, alternating GABA actions between hyperpolarization (Cl- influx) and d...
Source: Neuroscience Research - February 24, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Entrainment of chewing rhythm by gait speed during treadmill walking in humans
Publication date: Available online 22 February 2020Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Hitoshi Maezawa, Satoko Koganemaru, Masao Matsuhashi, Masayuki Hirata, Makoto Funahashi, Tatsuya MimaAbstractIt remains unclear whether the rhythmic processes of chewing and gait synchronize during concurrent execution in humans. To evaluate the entrainment of chewing rhythm by gait speed, we measured electromyography from the masseter and tibialis anterior muscles during chewing at a habitual rhythm while walking on a linear treadmill in 12 healthy volunteers. Vertical movement of the head was also measured using an accelerometer. E...
Source: Neuroscience Research - February 23, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Stability of bimanual finger tapping coordination is constrained by salient phases
Publication date: Available online 20 February 2020Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Yan Zheng, Kazuyuki Kanosue, Tetsuro MuraokaAbstractIn bimanual cyclical continuous movements, the relative timing of the most salient movement phase in each movement is a predominant constraint. This is the case for coordination when both movements have a single most salient phase (the relative-salience hypothesis). We tested whether the relative-salience hypothesis could explain results obtained for repetitive discrete movements, utilizing finger tapping. In experiment 1, participants performed unimanual alternate two-finger tappin...
Source: Neuroscience Research - February 20, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A mathematical model for neuronal differentiation in terms of an evolved dynamical system
Publication date: Available online 18 February 2020Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Hiroshi Watanabe, Takao Ito, Ichiro TsudaAbstractWe attempted to create a mathematical model for neuronal differentiation. The present study was performed within the framework of self-organization with constraints by looking for an optimized informational unit. We treated networks of individual dynamical system units with an external input, which was provided by coupled one-dimensional maps with possible forms of unidirectionally feed-forward network, random network, small-world network, and fully-connected network. We used a genetic...
Source: Neuroscience Research - February 19, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Novel characterization of subjective visual vertical in patients with unilateral spatial neglect
Publication date: Available online 19 February 2020Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Kimihiko Mori, Kae Nakamura, Shingo Hashimoto, Masanori Wakida, Kimitaka HaseAbstractVisual vertical (VV), visually perceived direction of gravity, is widely measured to assess the vestibular function and visuospatial cognition. VV has been assessed by comparing orientation and variability of measured values separately between subject groups. However, changes in orientation and variability often differ in patients with unilateral spatial neglect (USN). Here, we developed a novel classification of VV that combines orientation and vari...
Source: Neuroscience Research - February 19, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
A manifold learning approach to mapping individuality of human brain oscillations through beta-divergence
Publication date: Available online 19 February 2020Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Hiromichi Suetani, Keiichi KitajoAbstractThis paper proposes an approach for visualizing individuality and inter-individual variations of human brain oscillations measured as multichannel electroencephalographic (EEG) signals in a low-dimensional space based on manifold learning. Using a unified divergence measure between spectral densities termed the “beta-divergence”, we introduce an appropriate dissimilarity measure between multichannel EEG signals. Then, t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE; a state-of-the-art a...
Source: Neuroscience Research - February 19, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Effect of recurrent infomax on the information processing capability of input-driven recurrent neural networks
In this study, we present a detailed analysis of the information processing capability of an RNN optimized by recurrent infomax (RI), an unsupervised learning method that maximizes the mutual information of RNNs by adjusting the connection weights of the network. The results indicate that RI leads to the emergence of a delay-line structure and that the network optimized by the RI possesses a superior short-term memory, which is the ability to store the temporal information of the input stream in its transient dynamics. (Source: Neuroscience Research)
Source: Neuroscience Research - February 15, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Active direct current (DC) shifts and “Red slow”: two new concepts for seizure mechanisms and identification of the epileptogenic zone
Publication date: Available online 8 February 2020Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Akio Ikeda, Hirofumi Takeyama, Christophe Bernard, Mitsuyoshi Nakatani, Akihiro Shimotake, Masako Daifu, Masao Matsuhashi, Takayuki Kikuchi, Takeharu Kunieda, Riki Matsumoto, Tamaki Kobayashi, Kazuaki SatoAbstractAn accurate identification of the epileptogenic zone is essential for patients with intractable epilepsy who are candidates to neurosurgery. EEG recordings can provide predictive biomarkers of the epileptogenic zone. Wide-band EEG makes it possible to record from infraslow (including DC shifts) to high frequency (HFO, over 30...
Source: Neuroscience Research - February 10, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
PINK1-Parkin signaling in Parkinson’s disease: Lessons from Drosophila
Publication date: Available online 6 February 2020Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Yuzuru ImaiAbstractThe mitochondrial protein kinase PINK1 activates Parkin ubiquitin ligase by phosphorylating Parkin and ubiquitin, which are required for mitochondrial maintenance in dopaminergic (DA) neurons whose degeneration leads to the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Loss of PINK1 and Parkin leads to mitochondrial degeneration and abnormal wing posture in Drosophila. Modifier screening using the Drosophila wing phenotype showed that the inactivation of Miro, a mitochondrial adaptor protein, suppresses the phenotype c...
Source: Neuroscience Research - February 7, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Microbial colonization history modulates anxiety-like and complex social behavior in mice
Publication date: Available online 1 February 2020Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Itsuka Kamimura, Ryou Kaneko, Hidetoshi Morita, Kazutaka Mogi, Takefumi KikusuiAbstractMicrobiome composition has a pivotal role in neurobehavioral development. However, there is limited information about the role of the microbiome in sociability of mice in complex social contexts. Germ-free (GF) mice were reared in a microbiota-free environment until postnatal day 21 and then transferred to a room containing specific pathogen free (SPF) mice. At 9 weeks old, group social behaviors were measured for three GF mice and three SPF mice un...
Source: Neuroscience Research - February 2, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Modulation of oxygen tension, acidosis, and cell density is crucial for neural differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells
Publication date: Available online 31 January 2020Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Rina Okada, Kazunari Onodera, Takuji Ito, Manabu Doyu, Hirotaka James Okano, Yohei OkadaAbstractHuman induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neural cells provide valuable disease models for pathophysiological analysis and drug discovery for intractable neurodegenerative diseases. However, neural differentiation of hiPSCs requires a complex and long culture procedure, which has been a bottleneck for analysis. We previously demonstrated rapid, efficient and simple motor neuron differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells (hP...
Source: Neuroscience Research - February 2, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Electroencephalography of completely locked-in state patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Publication date: Available online 31 January 2020Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Yasuhisa Maruyama, Natsue Yoshimura, Aygul Rana, Azim Malekshahi, Alessandro Tonin, Andres Jaramillo-Gonzalez, Niels Birbaumer, Ujwal ChaudharyAbstractPatients in completely locked-in state (CLIS) due to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) lose the control of each and every muscle of their body rendering them motionless and without any means of communication. Though some studies have attempted to develop brain-computer interface (BCI)-based communication methods with CLIS patients, little information is available of the neuroelectric ...
Source: Neuroscience Research - February 2, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Prelim ii(edi board)
Publication date: February 2020Source: Neuroscience Research, Volume 151Author(s): (Source: Neuroscience Research)
Source: Neuroscience Research - February 1, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Lateralization of brain responses to auditory motion: A study using single-trial analysis
Publication date: Available online 27 January 2020Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): L.B. Shestopalova, E.A. Petropavlovskaia, V.V. Semenova, N.I. NikitinAbstractThe present study investigates hemispheric asymmetry of the ERPs and low-frequency oscillatory responses evoked in both hemispheres of the brain by the sound stimuli with delayed onset of motion. EEG was recorded for three patterns of sound motion produced by changes in interaural time differences. Event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) and inter-trial phase coherence (ITC) were computed from the time-frequency decomposition of EEG signals. The participan...
Source: Neuroscience Research - January 28, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Local field potential dynamics in the primate cortex in relation to parkinsonism reveled by machine learning: A comparison between the primary motor cortex and the supplementary area
Publication date: Available online 25 January 2020Source: Neuroscience ResearchAuthor(s): Olivier Darbin, Nobuhiko Hatanaka, Sayuki Takara, Masaya Kaneko, Satomi Chiken, Dean Naritoku, Anthony Martino, Atsushi NambuAbstractThe present study compares the cortical local field potentials (LFPs) in the primary motor cortex (M1) and the supplementary motor area (SMA) of non-human primates rendered Parkinsonian with administration of dopaminergic neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. The dynamic of the LFPs was investigated under several mathematical frameworks and machine learning was used to discriminate th...
Source: Neuroscience Research - January 26, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
