Family Relationships and Alcohol Consumption: Interaction with the Serotonin Transporter Promoter Polymorphism (5-HTTLPR)
Conclusion: These findings reveal that family relations are related to alcohol consumption, dependent upon the 5-HTTLPR genotype. This is compatible with the hypothesis that the S-allele carriers are more malleable by the environment.Neuropsychobiology (Source: Neuropsychobiology)
Source: Neuropsychobiology - August 23, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Association between the Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Anterior Insula in the Salience Network on Response to Antidepressants in Major Depressive Disorder as Revealed by Isolated Effective Coherence
Conclusion: These findings suggest the pathological importance of effective connectivity flow from the rACC to the left AI in the alpha and theta bands and suggest its usefulness as a biomarker to distinguish responders to antidepressants.Neuropsychobiology (Source: Neuropsychobiology)
Source: Neuropsychobiology - July 25, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Using Imagination to Integrate Contextual Effects in a Cue-Reactivity Paradigm in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Pilot Study
Conclusions: These results support the view that context effects alter the neural responses in thalamus and nucleus caudatus in patients with AUD, and that imagination tasks are suited to incorporate contextual influences in neurophysiological research designs. Future research needs to investigate whether the failure to observe a picture-type effect was due to limited statistical power and omission to individualize picture set, or whether an imagination procedure interferes with the evocation of picture-type effects.Neuropsychobiology (Source: Neuropsychobiology)
Source: Neuropsychobiology - July 18, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer across Mental Disorders: A Review
A mechanism known as Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) describes a phenomenon by which the values of environmental cues acquired through Pavlovian conditioning can motivate instrumental behavior. PIT may be one basic mechanism of action control that can characterize mental disorders on a dimensional level beyond current classification systems. Therefore, we review human PIT studies investigating subclinical and clinical mental syndromes. The literature prevails an inhomogeneous picture concerning PIT. While enhanced PIT effects seem to be present in non-substance-related disorders, overweight people, and most studie...
Source: Neuropsychobiology - July 15, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Genetic Relationships between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Intelligence
Conclusion: Our results suggest that ADHD is associated with inheriting a reduced set of low-intelligence alleles, whereas ASD results from incongruous effects from a mixture of high-intelligence and low-intelligence contributing alleles summed up with additional, ASD-specific risk variants not associated with intelligence.Neuropsychobiology (Source: Neuropsychobiology)
Source: Neuropsychobiology - June 28, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Neurovegetative and Emotional Modulation Induced by Mozart ’s Music
Conclusion: Mozart ’s music may allow to maintain arousal during relaxing condition. Psychological response of music and physiological dynamics were not necessarily entangled. Musical pieces based on individual physiological signature may lead musical psychological interventions.Neuropsychobiology (Source: Neuropsychobiology)
Source: Neuropsychobiology - June 24, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The Treatment of Substance Use Disorders: Recent Developments and New Perspectives
Substance-related disorders are complex psychiatric disorders that are characterized by continued consumption in spite of harmful consequences. Addiction affects various brain networks critically involved in learning, reward, and motivation, as well as inhibitory control. Currently applied therapeutic approaches aim at modification of behavior that ultimately leads to decrease of consumption or abstinence in individuals with substance use disorders. However, traditional treatment methods might benefit from recent neurobiological and cognitive neuroscientific research findings. Novel cognitive-behavioral approaches in the t...
Source: Neuropsychobiology - June 20, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Validation of the Apraxia Screen TULIA (AST) in Schizophrenia
Conclusions: The psychometric properties of the AST suggest it can well be used for the clinical assessment of gesture deficits in schizophrenia. However, when detailed information is required, the AST rated from video or conducting the full TULIA is recommended. The findings call for refining the selection of the TULIA items for a psychosis-AST bedside test to increase specificity.Neuropsychobiology (Source: Neuropsychobiology)
Source: Neuropsychobiology - April 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Mobile Data Collection of Cognitive-Behavioral Tasks in Substance Use Disorders: Where Are We Now?
Conclusion: Although more research is necessary to systematically study both the psychometrics of smartphone-based tasks and the frequency at which task measures fluctuate, existing studies are promising and reveal important methodological recommendations useful for researchers interested in implementing behavioral tasks in EMA studies.Neuropsychobiology (Source: Neuropsychobiology)
Source: Neuropsychobiology - March 29, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Dysfunction of the Purinergic System in Bipolar Disorder
Conclusions: A significant dysfunction of the purinergic system in patients with BD was observed. In most instances, the disturbances were not different in the acute episode than in remission what qualifies them as trait dependent. The results may confirm the role of the purinergic system in the pathogenesis of BD.Neuropsychobiology (Source: Neuropsychobiology)
Source: Neuropsychobiology - March 11, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Menstrual Cycle-Related Changes in Women with Schizophrenia: A Resting-State fMRI Study
Conclusion: The present study showed hormonal differences between groups and suggested that the levels of cycle-dependent hormones might be associated with the changes in clinical symptom severity and the RS-FC in the groups. Our RS-fMRI findings warrant further investigation.Neuropsychobiology (Source: Neuropsychobiology)
Source: Neuropsychobiology - March 9, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Grey Matter Volume Reductions of the Left Hippocampus and Amygdala in PTSD: A Coordinate-Based Meta-Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies
Conclusions: These volumetric reductions are a major structural correlate of PTSD and can be related to the expression of symptoms. Future studies might consider these and other neural PTSD correlates, which may lead to the development of clinical applications for affected patients.Neuropsychobiology (Source: Neuropsychobiology)
Source: Neuropsychobiology - February 14, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Decreased Resting State Inter- and Intra-Network Functional Connectivity Is Associated with Perceived Stress in a Sample of University Students: An eLORETA Study
Discussion: Taken together, our results suggest that higher levels of perceived stress are associated with a dysfunctional synchronization within the CEN and between the SN and the CEN. This functional pattern might in part reflect the negative impact of high levels of perceived stress on cognitive functioning.Neuropsychobiology (Source: Neuropsychobiology)
Source: Neuropsychobiology - February 7, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Effect of Low-Dose Statins in Addition to Standard Therapy on Brain Perfusion and Neurocognitive Performance in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder
Conclusion: Short-term use of low-dose statins in MDD patients under SSRIs results in important rCBF changes in key mood associated areas to improvement in neurocognitive performance. These findings, even though demonstrated in a small sample, could open a new therapeutic tool in the comprehensive management of this disorder.Neuropsychobiology (Source: Neuropsychobiology)
Source: Neuropsychobiology - January 28, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Hippocampal Subfield Volumes and Cognitive Function in Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders
Conclusion: Patients with SCZ had poorer cognitive function, which is related to their hippocampal pathology, than those with mood disorders.Neuropsychobiology (Source: Neuropsychobiology)
Source: Neuropsychobiology - January 14, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
