Imaging of Childhood Cerebral Vasculitis
This article describes the classification, diagnostic algorithm, and various imaging modalities used in the evaluation of childhood cerebral vasculitis and the imaging findings associated with primary and secondary vasculitis. Understanding the imaging features of this condition can assist in early diagnosis, effective treatment, and improve outcomes. (Source: Neuroimaging Clinics)
Source: Neuroimaging Clinics - October 7, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Sheng-Che Hung, Carolina Guimaraes Source Type: research
Neuroimaging of Infectious Vasculopathy
Vasculitis is a complication of several infectious diseases affecting the central nervous system, which may result in ischemic and/or hemorrhagic stroke, transient ischemic attack, and aneurysm formation. Infectious agents may directly infect the endothelium causing vasculitis or indirectly affect the vessel wall through an immunological cascade. Clinical manifestations usually overlap with those of noninfectious vascular diseases, making diagnosis challenging. Neuroimaging enables the identification of inflammatory changes in intracranial vasculitis. In this article, we review the imaging features of infectious vasculitis...
Source: Neuroimaging Clinics - October 7, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Renato Hoffmann Nunes, Diogo Goulart Corr êa, Felipe Torres Pacheco, Ana Paula Alves Fonseca, Luiz Celso Hygino da Cruz, Antônio José da Rocha Source Type: research
Foreword
I have always had challenges trying to determine when to suggest the possibility of vasculitis in patients with multiple white matter hyperintensities. I think we are familiar when to suggest white matter hyperintensities due to atherosclerotic disease ( “small vessel disease”) or demyelination. The challenge for myself (and I assume others as well) is, when should we appropriately initiate the complex and costly workup of a vasculitis due to an infectious or inflammatory cause when we encounter a patient with white matter hyperintensities? (Source: Neuroimaging Clinics)
Source: Neuroimaging Clinics - October 7, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Suresh K. Mukherji Source Type: research
CME Accreditation Page
(Source: Neuroimaging Clinics)
Source: Neuroimaging Clinics - September 22, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Pediatric Head and Neck Imaging
NEUROIMAGING CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (Source: Neuroimaging Clinics)
Source: Neuroimaging Clinics - September 22, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: William T. O ’Brien Sr Source Type: research
Copyright
ELSEVIER (Source: Neuroimaging Clinics)
Source: Neuroimaging Clinics - September 22, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Forthcoming Issues
Vasculitis (Source: Neuroimaging Clinics)
Source: Neuroimaging Clinics - September 22, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Contributors
SURESH K. MUKHERJI, MD, MBA, FACR (Source: Neuroimaging Clinics)
Source: Neuroimaging Clinics - September 22, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Contents
Suresh K. Mukherji (Source: Neuroimaging Clinics)
Source: Neuroimaging Clinics - September 22, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Overview of Vasculitides in Adults
Vasculitis is characterized by the inflammation of blood vessels. Vasculitides refers to the different forms of vasculitis, often classified according to the size of the blood vessel that is involved. Vasculitis may occur as a primary process or secondary to many systemic diseases. This topic provides an overview of the clinical features, diagnosis, and classification of the different forms of vasculitides. (Source: Neuroimaging Clinics)
Source: Neuroimaging Clinics - August 25, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Manish K. Saha Source Type: research
Treatment of Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System
Primary central nervous system vasculitis (PCNSV) is a vasculitis limited to the brain and spinal cord. Induction therapy often consists of steroids and cyclophosphamide. Maintenance therapy includes a prednisone taper and may be combined with medications such as azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil. Relapse is common in PCNSV and an increased dose of steroids is often given, sometimes with a change in therapy. Medications such as rituximab and mycophenolate mofetil may be good alternatives in those who do not respond to initial treatment or who have relapse of disease. Mortality rates of 8% to 9% are reported in the lite...
Source: Neuroimaging Clinics - August 21, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Alison M. Bays Source Type: research
Imaging of Small Artery Vasculitis
Small artery vasculitis of the CNS is a rare and serious condition characterized by the inflammation of blood vessels within the brain and spinal cord. There are two groups of small artery vasculitis determined by the presence or absence of immunoglobulin complex deposition in the vessel wall. The former includes anti-glomerular basement membrane disease, cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, and IgA vasculitis. Absence of immune complex deposition is associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) and includes microscopic polyangiitis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and...
Source: Neuroimaging Clinics - August 21, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Omar Hamam, Samuel C. Cartmell, Javier M. Romero Source Type: research
Vasculitis: A Comprehensive Review
Inflammatory and infectious vasculopathies are an uncommon, although devastating cause of vascular injury, including arterial occlusion, rupture, and pseudoaneurysm formation, as well as end-organ damage resulting from ischemia or hemorrhage. While rare, these vasculopathies remain a constant concern for ordering providers and interpreting radiologists alike, due to their poor outcomes, as when detected late they overlap in imaging appearance and have nonspecific clinical presentations, and it is difficult to establish a final diagnosis. (Source: Neuroimaging Clinics)
Source: Neuroimaging Clinics - August 12, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Mahmud Mossa-Basha, Carlos Zamora, Mauricio Castillo Tags: Preface Source Type: research
Infectious and Postinfectious Vasculopathies
Stroke is a complication of many central nervous system (CNS) infections, but only a few present with stroke without other symptoms or signs of CNS infection. Chief among these are varicella zoster virus (VZV) and syphilis. Delayed cerebral vasculopathy after successful treatment of bacterial meningitis, most commonly pneumococcal, is an emerging entity with uncertain pathogenesis. (Source: Neuroimaging Clinics)
Source: Neuroimaging Clinics - August 9, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Christina M. Marra Source Type: research
Usefulness of Different Imaging Methods in the Diagnosis of Cerebral Vasculopathy
Assessment of cerebral vasculopathies is challenging and requires understanding the utility of different imaging methods. Various techniques are available to image the vessel lumen, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. Bolus-based CT and MR angiography requires careful timing of a contrast bolus to provide optimal luminal enhancement. Non-contrast MRA techniques do not require a contrast agent and can provide images with little venous contamination. Digital subtraction angiography remains the gold standard but is invasive, while VW-MRI provides a non-invasive way of assessing vessel wall pathology. Conventional b...
Source: Neuroimaging Clinics - August 8, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Carlos Zamora, Mahmud Mossa-Basha, Mauricio Castillo Source Type: research
