Biogastronomy: Factors that determine the biological response to meal ingestion
Abstract
BackgroundThe biological response to a meal includes physiological changes, primarily related to the digestive process, and a sensory experience, involving sensations related to the homeostatic control of food consumption, eg, satiety and fullness, with a hedonic dimension, ie associated with changes in digestive well‐being and mood. The responses to a meal include a series of events before, during and after ingestion. While much attention has been paid to the events before and during ingestion, relatively little is known about the postprandial sensations, which are key to the gastronomical experience.
PurposeTh...
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - February 2, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: T. Pribic, F. Azpiroz Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Cortical differences in diverticular disease and correlation with symptom reports
Conclusion & InferencesThis is the first study of structural gray matter abnormalities in diverticular disease patients. The data show brain differences in the pain network.
Structural brain differences were investigated for the first time in Diverticular Disease (DD) patients using magnetic resonance imaging. The structural brain differences highlighted between High Somatization DD (HSDD) and Low Somatization DD (LSDD) patients (as characterized using the Patient Health Questionnaire 12, PHQ12‐SS) suggest that these patient groups differ in terms of pathophysiology. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - February 2, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: A. Pitiot, J. K. Smith, D. J. Humes, J. Garratt, S. T. Francis, P. A. Gowland, R. C. Spiller, L. Marciani Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Ghrelin secretion in humans – a role for the vagus nerve?
Conclusions & inferencesWe conclude that for postprandial suppression of circulating ghrelin levels, a circulating factor (but not GLP‐1) or short (duodeno‐gastric) reflexes seem to be implicated.
Vagal stimulation does not acutely increase or decrease ghrelin levels and vagal innervation is not necessary for the decline in ghrelin after food intake. Atropine but not GLP‐1 suppresses ghrelin levels. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - February 2, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: S. Veedfald, A. Plamboeck, B. Hartmann, T. Vilsb øll, F. K. Knop, C. F. Deacon, L. B. Svendsen, J. J. Holst Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Micro ‐inflammation in functional dyspepsia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Abstract
Background and PurposeFunctional dyspepsia (FD) is a gastrointestinal disorder of unknown etiology. Although micro‐inflammation appears to be important in the pathogenesis, studies evaluating immune activation in FD have been inconsistent. A systematic review of literature and meta‐analysis was performed to compare immunologic cell counts and cytokine levels in the mucosa and peripheral blood of individuals with FD and healthy controls. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library were searched. Data on immunologic cell counts and cytokines levels among individuals with FD and control groups were extracted and com...
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - February 2, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: L. Du, B. Chen, J. J. Kim, X. Chen, N. Dai Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research
Cardiovascular safety of prokinetic agents: A focus on drug ‐induced arrhythmias
Abstract
BackgroundGastrointestinal sensorimotor dysfunction underlies a wide range of esophageal, gastric, and intestinal motility and functional disorders that collectively constitute nearly half of all referrals to gastroenterologists. As a result, substantial effort has been dedicated toward the development of prokinetic agents intended to augment or restore normal gastrointestinal motility. However, the use of several clinically efficacious gastroprokinetic agents, such as cisapride, domperidone, erythromycin, and tegaserod, is associated with unfavorable cardiovascular safety profiles, leading to restrictions in thei...
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - February 1, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: J. R. Giudicessi, M. J. Ackerman, M. Camilleri Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research
The effect of arabinoxylooligosaccharides on upper gastroduodenal motility and hunger ratings in humans
ConclusionsAXOS acutely increases colonic fermentation, but this neither affects OCTT, activity of the MMC, nor interdigestive hunger scores in man.
Prebiotics such as Arabinoxylooligosaccharides (AXOS) are non‐digestible, fermentable food ingredients stimulating growth/activity of colonic bacteria with enhanced carbohydrates fermentation (CF) in humans (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - February 1, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: E. Scarpellini, E. Deloose, R. Vos, I. Francois, J. A. Delcour, W. F. Broekaert, K. Verbeke, J. Tack Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Esophageal dysmotility according to Chicago classification v3.0 vs v2.0: Implications for association with reflux, bolus clearance, and allograft failure post ‐lung transplantation
ConclusionsIrrespective of CC used, o‐CLAD appears linked to EGJOO. CCv2.0 however, accentuates the increased reflux and incomplete bolus transit associated with hypo‐contractility post‐LTx, suggesting that these motor abnormalities, though considered minor, may be of importance after lung transplant.
Diagnosis of esophageal motility abnormalities based on Chicago Classification v3.0 and v2.0 in patients post‐LTx (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - February 1, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: A. Tangaroonsanti, M. F. Vela, M. D. Crowell, K. R. DeVault, L. A. Houghton Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Effects of naloxegol on whole gut transit in opioid ‐naïve healthy subjects receiving codeine: A randomized, controlled trial
Conclusions and InferencesShort‐term administration of naloxegol (25 mg) in healthy, opioid‐naïve volunteers does not reverse the retardation of gastric, small bowel, or colonic transit induced by acute administration of codeine. Further studies with naloxegol at higher dose are warranted to assess the ability to reverse the retardation of transit caused by acute administration of codeine in opioid‐naïve subjects.
Nausea, vomiting, and constipation are common adverse effects of acute or chronic opioid use. We compared the effects on pan‐gut transit of treatment with codeine, naloxegol, or combination in healt...
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - February 1, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: H. Halawi, P. Vijayvargiya, I. Busciglio, I. Oduyebo, D. Khemani, M. Ryks, D. Rhoten, D. Burton, L. A. Szarka, A. Acosta, M. Camilleri Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Acupuncture for patients with chronic functional constipation: A randomized controlled trial
Conclusions & InterferencesThe three acupuncture treatments were as effective as mosapride in improving stool frequency and stool consistency in CFC, but the magnitude of the treatment effect is unknown due to the lack of sham acupuncture control.
The effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of chronic functional constipation is unknown. Our study result showed that acupuncture treatments are as effective as mosapride in improving stool frequency and stool consistency. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - February 1, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: H. Zheng, Z. ‐S. Liu, W. Zhang, M. Chen, F. Zhong, X.‐H. Jing, P.‐J. Rong, W.‐Z. Zhu, F.‐C. Wang, Z.‐B. Liu, C.‐Z. Tang, S.‐J. Wang, M.‐Q. Zhou, Y. Li, B. Zhu Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Reversal of visceral hypersensitivity in rat by Menthacarin ®, a proprietary combination of essential oils from peppermint and caraway, coincides with mycobiome modulation
Conclusions & InferencesThe development of visceral hypersensitivity in maternally separated rats and the Menthacarin®‐mediated reversal of hypersensitivity is associated with changes in the mycobiome. Therefore, Menthacarin® may be a safe and effective treatment option that should be tested for IBS.
The gut fungal microbiome (mycobiome) was recently identified as a possible cause for abdominal pain in IBS. We showed that a peppermint‐ and caraway‐oil‐preparation with fungicidal activity, called Menthacarin®, can reverse mycobiome‐dependent visceral hypersensitivity in rat. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - January 31, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: S. Botschuijver, O. Welting, E. Levin, D. Maria ‐Ferreira, E. Koch, R. C. Montijn, J. Seppen, T. B. M. Hakvoort, F. H. J. Schuren, W. J. de Jonge, R. M. van den Wijngaard Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Reversal of visceral hypersensitivity in rat by Menthacarin ®, a proprietary combination of essential oils from peppermint and caraway, coincides with mycobiome modulation
Neurogastroenterology&Motility, EarlyView. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - January 31, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
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Neurogastroenterology&Motility, Ahead of Print. (Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - January 31, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research
Recommendations for pharmacological clinical trials in children with functional constipation: The Rome foundation pediatric subcommittee on clinical trials
Abstract
BackgroundEvidence for the efficacy of commonly used drugs in the treatment of childhood functional constipation (FC) is scarce, studies are often of low quality and study designs are heterogeneous. Thus, recommendations for the design of clinical trials in childhood FC are needed.
PurposeMembers of the Rome Foundation and a member of the Pediatric Committee of the European Medicines Agency formed a committee to create recommendations for the design of clinical trials in children with FC.
Key RecommendationsThis committee recommends conducting randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group clin...
Source: Neurogastroenterology and Motility - January 30, 2018 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: I. J. N. Koppen, M. Saps, J. V. Lavigne, S. Nurko, J. A. J. M. Taminiau, C. Di Lorenzo, M. A. Benninga Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research
