Nutrition and the Metabolic Health of Children
Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2023;97:41-50. doi: 10.1159/000529004. Epub 2023 Apr 6.ABSTRACTOvernutrition, expressed as overweight and obesity, sometimes combined with inadequate micronutrient intake, coexists together with undernutrition as the major threats of malnutrition in children. Appropriate growth and metabolism of children have been extensively studied as to their association with future metabolic diseases. It is appreciated that early growth is controlled via the biochemical pathways that support organ and tissue growth and development, energy release from dietary intake, and production and release of hormones...
Source: Nestlee Nutrition Institute Workshop Series - April 6, 2023 Category: Nutrition Authors: Ian A Macdonald Aristea Binia Source Type: research

The Triple Burden of Malnutrition in the Era of Globalization
Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2023;97:51-61. doi: 10.1159/000529005. Epub 2023 Apr 6.ABSTRACTThe term "triple burden of malnutrition" refers to the coexistence of undernutrition (stunting and wasting), micronutrient deficiencies (often termed hidden hunger), and overnutrition (overweight and obesity). The three elements of the triple burden of malnutrition can be found simultaneously within many low-income populations and even within single families. There are common underlying causes to each element of the triple burden of malnutrition. In broad terms, these are as follows: poverty - a lack of access to the most nourishi...
Source: Nestlee Nutrition Institute Workshop Series - April 6, 2023 Category: Nutrition Authors: Andrew M Prentice Source Type: research

Foreword
Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2023;97:XI-XII. doi: 10.1159/000529007. Epub 2023 Apr 6.ABSTRACTna.PMID:37023736 | DOI:10.1159/000529007 (Source: Nestlee Nutrition Institute Workshop Series)
Source: Nestlee Nutrition Institute Workshop Series - April 6, 2023 Category: Nutrition Authors: Josephine Yuson-Sunga Source Type: research

The Development of Healthy Eating and Food Pleasure in Infancy
Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2023;97:62-71. doi: 10.1159/000529008. Epub 2023 Apr 6.ABSTRACTThe early development of taste and food pleasure plays an important role in children and has long-lasting influences on subsequent food preferences and choices. Infants are born with a surprisingly sensitive sense of taste - they have more widely distributed taste buds (about 10,000) than adults. Thus, preferences for a variety of food flavors and textures develop early, through milk-related flavor exposure, or even during pregnancy, allowing for an easier acceptance to healthy foods. Breastfeeding favors the acquisition of a tast...
Source: Nestlee Nutrition Institute Workshop Series - April 6, 2023 Category: Nutrition Authors: Andrea Maier-N öth Source Type: research

Past, Present and Future of Human Milk Research
Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2023;97:20-29. doi: 10.1159/000529009. Epub 2023 Apr 6.ABSTRACTHuman milk is the best source of infant nutrition and is recognized as a biological fluid vital for optimal growth and development. It has established short- and long-term benefits to infants and mothers. Sapiens' milk has coevolved with mammalian species for millennia which has resulted in this remarkable secretory product of nutrient-rich milk. The nutritional composition and nonnutritive bioactive factors in human milk are uniquely appropriate for the infant, which provides survival and healthy development. Research over the pa...
Source: Nestlee Nutrition Institute Workshop Series - April 6, 2023 Category: Nutrition Authors: Sarabeth V De Castro Sagar K Thakkar Source Type: research

Preface
Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2023;97:VI-X. doi: 10.1159/000529010. Epub 2023 Apr 6.ABSTRACTnot applicable.PMID:37023739 | DOI:10.1159/000529010 (Source: Nestlee Nutrition Institute Workshop Series)
Source: Nestlee Nutrition Institute Workshop Series - April 6, 2023 Category: Nutrition Authors: Jossie Mariano Rogacion Source Type: research

Chairpersons, Speakers and Contributors
Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2023;97:XIII-XIV. doi: 10.1159/000529589. Epub 2023 Apr 6.NO ABSTRACTPMID:37023740 | DOI:10.1159/000529589 (Source: Nestlee Nutrition Institute Workshop Series)
Source: Nestlee Nutrition Institute Workshop Series - April 6, 2023 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Defining and Directing Gut Microbiota Maturation in Early Life: A Nutrition Perspective
Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2023;97:11-19. doi: 10.1159/000528988. Epub 2023 Apr 6.ABSTRACTThe development of the microbiome within the human digestive tract starts at birth and continues up to approximately 3 years of age when the microbial ecosystem resembles a more adulthood-like state. The pace of colonization and diversification of the gut microbiota in the early stages of life has been linked to short- and long-term health outcomes. Characterizing optimal maturation of the ecosystem may help identifying adverse events that impair the process and also factors that support and guide it, such as diet. To date, resear...
Source: Nestlee Nutrition Institute Workshop Series - April 6, 2023 Category: Nutrition Authors: Caroline I Le Roy Source Type: research

Changing Landscape from Nutrients to Dietary Patterns: Implications for Child Health
Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2023;97:72-81. doi: 10.1159/000528990. Epub 2023 Apr 6.ABSTRACTDietary patterns (DPs) have shifted the focus in nutrition epidemiology away from being nutrient centered. Foods are consumed not as single nutrients but as a combination of dietary components interacting with each other. DPs are indicators of diet quality. Two approaches are used to derive them: the index-based and data-driven approaches, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Studies on diet-disease relationships are now concentrated on DPs. Most available studies are in adults, which emphasize the role of DPs as contri...
Source: Nestlee Nutrition Institute Workshop Series - April 6, 2023 Category: Nutrition Authors: Jossie M Rogacion Source Type: research

A Child's Nutrition and Epigenetics
Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2023;97:1-10. doi: 10.1159/000528991. Epub 2023 Apr 6.ABSTRACTStudies have shown a dramatic increase in the incidence and the prevalence of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disorders over the last several decades. Environmental triggers and nutrition are considered major contributors to this increase. The first 1,000 days of life, which is the period between conception and the first 2 years of age, is considered the time for environmental factors, such as nutrition, to exert their positive and most crucial effects on a child's health. Nutrigenomics, the stu...
Source: Nestlee Nutrition Institute Workshop Series - April 6, 2023 Category: Nutrition Authors: Catherine Lynn T Silao Source Type: research

Human Milk Oligosaccharides, Important Milk Bioactives for Child Health: A Perspective
Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2023;97:30-40. doi: 10.1159/000528992. Epub 2023 Apr 6.ABSTRACTHuman milk contains all nutritive and bioactive compounds to give infants the best possible start in life. Human milk bioactives cover a broad range of components, including immune cells, antimicrobial proteins, microbes, and human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Over the last decade, HMOs have gained special attention as their industrial production has allowed the study of their structure-function relation in reductionist experimental setups. This has shed light on how HMOs steer microbiome and immune system development in early li...
Source: Nestlee Nutrition Institute Workshop Series - April 6, 2023 Category: Nutrition Authors: Hanne L P Tytgat Aristea Binia Sean Austin Dominik Grathwohl Norbert Sprenger Source Type: research

Nutrition and the Metabolic Health of Children
Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2023;97:41-50. doi: 10.1159/000529004. Epub 2023 Apr 6.ABSTRACTOvernutrition, expressed as overweight and obesity, sometimes combined with inadequate micronutrient intake, coexists together with undernutrition as the major threats of malnutrition in children. Appropriate growth and metabolism of children have been extensively studied as to their association with future metabolic diseases. It is appreciated that early growth is controlled via the biochemical pathways that support organ and tissue growth and development, energy release from dietary intake, and production and release of hormones...
Source: Nestlee Nutrition Institute Workshop Series - April 6, 2023 Category: Nutrition Authors: Ian A Macdonald Aristea Binia Source Type: research

The Triple Burden of Malnutrition in the Era of Globalization
Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2023;97:51-61. doi: 10.1159/000529005. Epub 2023 Apr 6.ABSTRACTThe term "triple burden of malnutrition" refers to the coexistence of undernutrition (stunting and wasting), micronutrient deficiencies (often termed hidden hunger), and overnutrition (overweight and obesity). The three elements of the triple burden of malnutrition can be found simultaneously within many low-income populations and even within single families. There are common underlying causes to each element of the triple burden of malnutrition. In broad terms, these are as follows: poverty - a lack of access to the most nourishi...
Source: Nestlee Nutrition Institute Workshop Series - April 6, 2023 Category: Nutrition Authors: Andrew M Prentice Source Type: research

Foreword
Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2023;97:XI-XII. doi: 10.1159/000529007. Epub 2023 Apr 6.ABSTRACTna.PMID:37023736 | DOI:10.1159/000529007 (Source: Nestlee Nutrition Institute Workshop Series)
Source: Nestlee Nutrition Institute Workshop Series - April 6, 2023 Category: Nutrition Authors: Josephine Yuson-Sunga Source Type: research

The Development of Healthy Eating and Food Pleasure in Infancy
Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2023;97:62-71. doi: 10.1159/000529008. Epub 2023 Apr 6.ABSTRACTThe early development of taste and food pleasure plays an important role in children and has long-lasting influences on subsequent food preferences and choices. Infants are born with a surprisingly sensitive sense of taste - they have more widely distributed taste buds (about 10,000) than adults. Thus, preferences for a variety of food flavors and textures develop early, through milk-related flavor exposure, or even during pregnancy, allowing for an easier acceptance to healthy foods. Breastfeeding favors the acquisition of a tast...
Source: Nestlee Nutrition Institute Workshop Series - April 6, 2023 Category: Nutrition Authors: Andrea Maier-N öth Source Type: research