Reprogramming Metabolism to Enhance Kidney Tolerance during Sepsis: The Role of Fatty Acid Oxidation, Aerobic Glycolysis, and Epithelial De-Differentiation
Background: The recognition that sepsis induces acute kidney injury (AKI) in the absence of overt necrosis or apoptosis and even in the presence of increased renal blood flow has led to the consideration that kidney tubular epithelial cells (TECs) may deploy defense mechanisms to survive the insult.Summary: This concept dovetails well with the notion that the defense against infection not only depends on the capacity of the immune system to limit the microbial burden or resistance capacity but also on the capacity of the host to limit tissue injury, collectively known as tolerance. To sustain the high energy requirement th...
Source: Nephron - November 4, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

A Pathogenic Variant of PBX1 Identified by Whole Exome Sequencing in a Chinese CAKUTHED Case
We described a Chinese CAKUTHED patient, whose characteristics were collected from medical records. The potential responsible variants were explored by whole exome sequencing. A heterozygous variant in the PBX1 gene (NM_002585 c.862C#x3e;T, p.R288*) was found in the proband, which was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. This heterozygous variant in the PBX1 gene was the molecular pathogenic basis of this disorder. It is necessary to perform a genetic test for diagnosing chronic nephritis with unknown reason.Nephron (Source: Nephron)
Source: Nephron - November 1, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Modeling Low Muscle Mass Screening in Hemodialysis Patients
Conclusion: Our results facilitate skeletal muscle screening in hemodialysis patients, assisting in sarcopenia prophylaxis and intervention decisions.Nephron (Source: Nephron)
Source: Nephron - October 21, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Responses in Blood Pressure and Kidney Function to Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase Stimulation or Activation in Normal and Diabetic Rats
Conclusion: sGC agonists impact kidney function directly and because they reduce MAP. The direct tendency to increase GFR is most apparent for MAP reductions #x3c;10%. The direct effect is otherwise subtle and overridden when MAP declines more. Effects of sGC agonists on tubular reabsorption are dominated by the effects on MAP.Nephron (Source: Nephron)
Source: Nephron - October 20, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Acceptance of Illness, Satisfaction with Life, and Emotional Control in the Early Stage of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Conclusion: Asymptomatic ADPKD patients had a high level of disease acceptance. Anger suppression in this group was comparable to healthy individuals, but anxiety and depression were controlled more intensively. Despite the asymptomatic course of the disease, ADPKD patients revealed lower satisfaction with life in comparison to healthy persons.Nephron (Source: Nephron)
Source: Nephron - October 12, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

NEK8-Associated Nephropathies: Do Autosomal Dominant Forms Exist?
Conclusion: Here we report a de novo heterozygous variant in theNEK8 gene in infantile NPHP. This variant was previously detected at a de novo state in a patient presenting with the same clinical features as the proband. This suggests that autosomal dominant forms of NEK8-linked nephropathies may exist. Reporting further patients withNEK8 mutations is essential to confirm these findings and assess whether dominant forms of the disease are restricted to a specific mutational spot or are linked to variants scattered throughout theNEK8 gene.Nephron (Source: Nephron)
Source: Nephron - October 10, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Intestinal Microbiota in Experimental Acute Kidney Injury
Recent studies have demonstrated an important role played by gut microbiota in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and host immune system function. Gut microbiota have been studied in experimental acute kidney injury (AKI) using different mice and rat models exposed to either ischemia or cisplatin-mediated tubular injury. Differences in inflammatory markers and severity of AKI have been observed between germ-free mice, wild-type mice, and mice treated with antibiotics or specific bacteria. Interventions modifying the gut microbiota after experimental AKI have had either beneficial or harmful effects on kidney tubular injury...
Source: Nephron - October 4, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Extracellular Vesicles in Acute Kidney Injury
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising novel cellular communicators and biomarkers in acute kidney injury (AKI). These submicron vesicles derive from all cell types along the urinary tract and reflect molecular processes of their parent cells and physiological and pathological conditions in AKI. Several EV protein and RNA biomarker candidates have been identified. They have shown to differentiate AKI etiology and pinpoint to disease mechanisms. In fact, EV research has opened up a new frontier of biomarker discovery since some less abundant biomarkers are concentrated in EVs, which makes them more easily detectable. EV...
Source: Nephron - September 30, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Evaluation of Outcomes of Peritoneal Dialysis Patients in the Post-COVID-19 Period: A National Multicenter Case-Control Study from Turkey
Conclusion: Mortality in the first 90 days after COVID-19 in PD patients with COVID-19 was not different from the control PD group. However, some patients continued to experience significant problems, especially respiratory system symptoms, malnutrition, and hypervolemia.Nephron (Source: Nephron)
Source: Nephron - September 30, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

A Fabry Disease Patient Who Developed Hypersensitivity Reaction against Agalsidase Beta following COVID-19 Infection
In this study, we present a 19-year-old male patient with FD who had received ERT for almost two and half years without any complications. In January 2021, he was diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. Later, he developed an infusion reaction during his first ERT infusion following the resolution of COVID-19 infection. The patient experienced shortness of breath, shivering, and rash. Despite decreased infusion rate and premedication in repetitive infusion, his symptoms were not resolved. Subsequently, he developed an IgE antibody against agalsidase beta, and his skin prick test was positive. Since IgG positivity against agalsi...
Source: Nephron - September 29, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Targeting Endoplasmic Reticulum for Novel Therapeutics and Monitoring in Acute Kidney Injury
Background: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response is a conservative mechanism involving a complex network of different molecular branches to determine cell fate through specific transcription factors and downstream executors. Emerging evidence shows that ER stress is implicated in the occurrence and progression of acute kidney injury (AKI) in different animal models and human patients. However, there is still a lack of therapeutics targeting the ER in AKI.Summary: Several therapeutic chemicals, including a compound that induces activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and chemical chaperones, have been developed to ta...
Source: Nephron - September 16, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Impact of Potentially Inappropriate Medications on Kidney Function in Chronic Kidney Disease: Retrospective Cohort Study
Conclusion: This study showed that middle-aged patients with CKD who were prescribed ≥2 PIM had an increased risk of progression of CKD. Further studies are needed to analyze whether deprescribing steps contribute to reduce PIM prescriptions and prevent CKD progression.Nephron (Source: Nephron)
Source: Nephron - September 16, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Myeloid Response to Acute Kidney Injury
Background: Myeloid cells form an important element of the response to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). While the mononuclear phagocyte system is complex and difficult to study, our knowledge of the cells involved and their impacts has been steadily increasing. However, there is still need to rigorously define and separate the functions of discreet myeloid populations in the kidney. The relatively recent distinction between resident macrophages and infiltrating monocytes in the kidney is an important advance that will enhance our understanding of the various roles of distinct myeloid populations, but specific tools are n...
Source: Nephron - September 15, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Acute Kidney Injury and Diastolic Dysfunction: Opportunity for Targeted Intervention?
Conclusions: Ischemic AKI results in long-term cardiovascular sequelae with sex as an important biological variable in outcomes. Histone deacetylase inhibition affects cardiovascular outcomes after AKI.Nephron (Source: Nephron)
Source: Nephron - September 15, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Lessons from Four Decades of Systemic Amyloidosis with Renal Involvement
Conclusions: In Portugal, AA amyloidosis and related chronic infections are still relevant. Regarding AL amyloidosis, the low incidence and advanced disease at presentation result from missed and erroneous diagnoses, leading to delayed referrals and poor outcomes in these patients.Nephron (Source: Nephron)
Source: Nephron - September 12, 2022 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research