Circ_0000491 Promotes Apoptosis, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Fibrosis in High Glucose-Induced Mesangial Cells by Regulating miR-455-3p/Hmgb1 Axis
Conclusion: Circ_0000491 knockdown inhibited HG-induced apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in SV40-MES13 cells by regulating miR-455-3p/Hmgb1 axis.Nephron (Source: Nephron)
Source: Nephron - September 2, 2021 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Clinical Implementation and Initial Experience of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Testing for the Diagnostic and Prognostic Assessment of Acute Kidney Injury Events in Hospitalized Patients
Conclusion: NGAL, as part of the routine workup, is useful for diagnostic and prognostic assessment of new-onset AKI in clinical practice. Interpretation of an increased NGAL level should be clinically evaluated in its clinical context, particularly considering concomitant infection (urinary or systemic). Clinical adoption of emerging AKI biomarkers as diagnostic tests in clinical practice should be further encouraged.Nephron (Source: Nephron)
Source: Nephron - September 1, 2021 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Role of Endothelial Prolyl-4-Hydroxylase Domain Protein/Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Axis in Acute Kidney Injury
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) results from a cessation or restriction of blood supply to an organ followed by reestablishment of perfusion and reoxygenation. In the kidney, IRI due to transplantation, cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, and other major vascular surgeries contributes to acute kidney injury (AKI), a clinical condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. In the postischemic kidney, endothelial damage promotes inflammatory responses and leads to persistent hypoxia of the renal tubular epithelium. Like other cell types, endothelial cells respond to low oxyg...
Source: Nephron - September 1, 2021 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Family History is Important to Identify Patients with Monogenic Causes of Adult-Onset Chronic Kidney Disease
We present 3 cases of adult-onset CKD with underlying monogenic causes exemplifying different modes of inheritance. Case 1 is a 60-year-old male with slowly progressive CKD initially ascribed to hypertension and diabetes despite a family history with several affected first-degree relatives. A pathogenicMUC1 variant was found, and thus we identified the first Danish family ofMUC1-associated autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease. Case 2 is a 40-year-old female with nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, and unexplainable hypercalcemia consistent with vitamin D intoxication. The family history indicated autosomal r...
Source: Nephron - August 30, 2021 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Outcomes of Remote Patient Monitoring for Automated Peritoneal Dialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Conclusion: Although HRQOL and dialysis-related outcomes were comparable between RPM-APD and T-APD, RPM-APD was positive in terms of patient satisfaction. Further long-term and large-scale studies will be required to determine the efficacy of RPM-APD.Trial Registration: CRIS identifier: KCT0003390, registered on December 14, 2018 – retrospectively registered, https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/search_result_st01.jsp?seq=12348.Nephron (Source: Nephron)
Source: Nephron - August 26, 2021 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Circ_RASGEF1B Promotes LPS-Induced Apoptosis and Inflammatory Response by Targeting MicroRNA-146a-5p/Pdk1 Axis in Septic Acute Kidney Injury Cell Model
Conclusion: Circ_RASGEF1B promoted LPS-induced apoptosis and inflammatory response in renal tubular epithelial cells partly by upregulating Pdk1 via acting as miR-146a-5p sponge.Nephron (Source: Nephron)
Source: Nephron - August 26, 2021 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Biomarker-Based Management of AKI: Fact or Fantasy?
New biomarkers for acute kidney injury (AKI) have improved our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of AKI. Depending on their origin, function, and kinetic profile, biomarkers have a role in screening, diagnosis, prognostication, and monitoring of AKI. This offers opportunities to improve the management of AKI, but concerns and limitations remain. In this review, we summarize the current role of new AKI biomarkers in the management of AKI and outline some of the ongoing limitations and challenges.Nephron (Source: Nephron)
Source: Nephron - August 26, 2021 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
A Novel < b > < i > LMX1B < /i > < /b > Variant Identified in a Patient Presenting with Severe Renal Involvement and Thin Glomerular Basement Membrane
We report a case of nail-patella syndrome (NPS) with unusual thinning of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) associated with a novel heterozygous variant in theLMX1B gene. A 43-year-old female patient with a previous diagnosis of NPS, referred to our hospital for persistent proteinuria, underwent a renal biopsy, which revealed minor glomerular abnormalities. She underwent a second renal biopsy at the age of 56 owing to the presence of persistent proteinuria and decline in serum albumin, meeting the diagnostic criteria for nephrotic syndrome. Light microscopy demonstrated glomerulosclerosis and cystic dilatation of the r...
Source: Nephron - August 26, 2021 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Orai1: A New Therapeutic Target for the Acute Kidney Injury-to-Chronic Kidney Disease Transition
This review focuses on the potential mediation in the acute kidney injury (AKI)-to-chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition by lymphocytes. We highlight evidence that lymphocytes, particularly Th17 cells, modulate the severity of both acute injury and chronic kidney disease. Th17 cells are strongly influenced by the activity of the store-operated Ca2+channel Orai1, which is upregulated on lymphocytes in animal models of AKI. Inhibition of this channel attenuates both acute and chronic kidney injury in rodent models. In addition, Oria1+ cells are increased in peripheral blood of patients with AKI. Similarly, peripheral blood...
Source: Nephron - August 25, 2021 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Comparison of Static and Dynamic Baseline Creatinine Surrogates for Defining Acute Kidney Injury
Conclusions: The dynamic baseline sCr is available without reference to preadmission sCr values and avoids confounding associated with missing outpatient sCr values. AKI defined with the dynamic baseline sCr significantly improved discrimination of risk for inpatient mortality and dialysis compared to static baseline sCr.Nephron (Source: Nephron)
Source: Nephron - August 20, 2021 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Epigenetic Modification Drives Acute Kidney Injury-to-Chronic Kidney Disease Progression
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical critical disease. Due to its high morbidity, increasing risk of complications, high mortality rate, and high medical costs, it has become a global concern for human health problems. Initially, researchers believed that kidneys have a strong ability to regenerate and repair, but studies over the past 20 years have found that kidneys damaged by AKI are often incomplete or even unable to repair. Even when serum creatinine returns to baseline levels, renal structural damage persists for a long time, leading to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The mechanism of AKI-t...
Source: Nephron - August 20, 2021 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Diagnostic Dilemma in an Adolescent Girl with an Eating Disorder, Intellectual Disability, and Hypomagnesemia
Neurological disorders, including seizures, migraine, depression, and intellectual disability, are frequently associated with hypomagnesemia. Specifically, magnesium (Mg2+) channel transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) 6 and TRPM7 are essential for brain function and development. Both channels are also localized in renal and intestinal epithelia and are crucial for Mg2+(re)absorption. Cyclin M2 (CNNM2) is located on the basolateral side of the distal convoluted tubule. In addition, it plays a role in the maintenance of plasma Mg2+ levels along with TRPM6, which is present at the apical level. TheCNNM2 gene is cruc...
Source: Nephron - August 19, 2021 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Neuroimmune Circuits Activated by Vagus Nerve Stimulation
The interaction between the nervous system and the immune system has recently been well-recognized. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) presents potential as an anti-inflammatory therapy through activation of neuroimmune pathways. Detailed understanding of the neuroimmune pathways VNS evokes is critical in order to successfully use it in the clinic for the treatment of acute kidney injury, in which inflammation plays an important role. In this review, we describe recent findings regarding VNS-induced neuroimmune pathways responsible for anti-inflammation and tissue protection.Nephron (Source: Nephron)
Source: Nephron - August 17, 2021 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Mechanisms of Caloric Restriction-Mediated Stress-Resistance in Acute Kidney Injury
Caloric restriction (CR)-mediated organ protection has been shown to be extremely efficient in rodent models of acute kidney injury (AKI). Limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms paired with a risk of malnourishment and feasibility problems has hindered the translation of this immense potential to the patient setting. In this mini-review, the current mechanistic concepts of CR-mediated stress-resistance as potential key targets for renal protection in AKI will be highlighted.Nephron (Source: Nephron)
Source: Nephron - August 2, 2021 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
Redefining the Role of Donor Biopsies in the Process of Kidney Graft Assessment
Nephron (Source: Nephron)
Source: Nephron - July 22, 2021 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research
