High cut-off dialysis in chronic haemodialysis patients reduces serum procalcific activity
Conclusions The use of HCO dialysis membranes in chronic dialysis patients reduces the procalcific effects of serum on VSMC in vitro. The mechanisms of the strong effect of HCO on in vitro calcification are not completely understood. One factor may be lower levels of VCAM-1 in HCO serum samples, since VCAM-1 was able to induce vascular calcification in our experiments. Neither sTNFR 1, sTNFR 2 nor sIL2R enhance vascular calcification in vitro. Regardless of the mechanisms, our results encourage further studies of highly permeable filters in chronic dialysis patients. (Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation)
Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation - September 27, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Zickler, D., Willy, K., Girndt, M., Fiedler, R., Martus, P., Storr, M., Schindler, R. Tags: Intra- and Extracorporeal Treatments of Kidney Failure Source Type: research

Body mass index trend in haemodialysis patients: the shift of nutritional disorders in two Italian regions
Conclusions In two regional haemodialysis registries in Italy a steady increase in overweight and obese patients is observed. These patterns are more pronounced than those found in the general population. If further confirmed in other European haemodialysis cohorts, these findings may have relevant public health implications. (Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation)
Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation - September 27, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Postorino, M., Mancini, E., D'Arrigo, G., Marino, C., Vilasi, A., Tripepi, G., Gallus, S., Lugo, A., Santoro, A., Zoccali, C., on behalf of Calabrian and Emilian Dialysis and Transplantation Registries' Workgroups, on Behalf of Calabrian and Emilian Dialy Tags: Intra- and Extracorporeal Treatments of Kidney Failure Source Type: research

Prenatal diagnosis of fetal multicystic dysplastic kidney via high-resolution whole-genome array
Conclusions In the present study, the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in MCDK fetuses was 4.17% and all rearrangements were imbalanced aberrations. CMA was able to increase the pathogenic detection rate to 16.7% in MCDK fetuses with normal karyotype. Critical regions for RCAD syndrome, WBS and copy number variants of 22q11.1 duplication, 4q35.2 deletion, 22q13.33 duplication and 1p33 duplication were associated with fetal MCDK. Genes PEX26, ELN, HNF1B, ALG12, FRG1, FRG2 and CYP4A11 were possible candidates for fetal MCDK. (Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation)
Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation - September 27, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Fu, F., Chen, F., Li, R., Zhang, Y., Pan, M., Li, D., Liao, C. Tags: Chronic Kidney Disease Source Type: research

Prevalence and distribution of (micro)albuminuria in toddlers
Conclusions The distribution of UAC and the prevalence of UAC > 20 mg/L in toddlers and in the young general adult population are comparable. These findings suggest that microalbuminuria is a congenital condition that may predispose to a higher cardiovascular risk later in life. (Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation)
Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation - September 27, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Gracchi, V., van den Belt, S. M., Küpers, L. K., Corpeleijn, E., de Zeeuw, D., Heerspink, H. J. L. Tags: Chronic Kidney Disease Source Type: research

Micro-RNA analysis of renal biopsies in human lupus nephritis demonstrates up-regulated miR-422a driving reduction of kallikrein-related peptidase 4
Conclusions KLK4, a serine esterase with putative renoprotective properties, is down-regulated by miR-422a in LN kidney suggesting that, in addition to immune activation, local factors may be implicated in the disease. (Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation)
Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation - September 27, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Krasoudaki, E., Banos, A., Stagakis, E., Loupasakis, K., Drakos, E., Sinatkas, V., Zampoulaki, A., Papagianni, A., Iliopoulos, D., Boumpas, D. T., Bertsias, G. K. Tags: Chronic Kidney Disease Source Type: research

Smoking patterns and chronic kidney disease in US Hispanics: Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos
Conclusions Our findings of increased risk of CKD among Hispanics who are intermittent smokers support screening and smoking cessation interventions targeted to this population for the prevention of CKD. It also suggests novel mechanistic pathways for kidney toxicity that should be further explored in future studies. (Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation)
Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation - September 27, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Franceschini, N., Deng, Y., Flessner, M. F., Eckfeldt, J. H., Kramer, H. J., Lash, J. P., Lee, D. J., Melamed, M. L., Moncrieft, A. E., Ricardo, A. C., Rosas, S. E., Kaplan, R. C., Raij, L., Cai, J. Tags: Chronic Kidney Disease Source Type: research

Mild prolonged chronic hyponatremia and risk of hip fracture in the elderly
Conclusion Mild prolonged chronic hyponatremia is independently associated with hip fracture risk in the elderly population, although the absolute risk is low. However, proof that correcting hyponatremia will result in a reduction of hip fractures is lacking. (Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation)
Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation - September 27, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Ayus, J. C., Fuentes, N. A., Negri, A. L., Moritz, M. L., Giunta, D. H., Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Nigwekar, S. U., Thadhani, R. I., Go, A. S., De Quiros, F. G. B. Tags: Chronic Kidney Disease Source Type: research

Risk of fracture in adults on renal replacement therapy: a Danish national cohort study
Conclusions Patients on dialysis or living with a transplanted kidney have a significantly higher risk of fracture than the Danish background population. Differences in age, gender, drug use and comorbidity only partly explain this increased risk. Further studies are warranted to explore the reason for this increased fracture risk in patients on renal replacement therapy. (Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation)
Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation - September 27, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Hansen, D., Olesen, J. B., Gislason, G. H., Abrahamsen, B., Hommel, K. Tags: Chronic Kidney Disease Source Type: research

Patterns of oral disease in adults with chronic kidney disease treated with hemodialysis
Conclusions Oral disease in adults on hemodialysis is very common, frequently severe and highly variable among countries, with much of the variability unexplained by participant characteristics or healthcare. Given the national variation and high burden of disease, strategies to improve oral health in hemodialysis patients will require implementation at a country level rather than at the level of individuals. (Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation)
Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation - September 27, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Palmer, S. C., Ruospo, M., Wong, G., Craig, J. C., Petruzzi, M., De Benedittis, M., Ford, P., Johnson, D. W., Tonelli, M., Natale, P., Saglimbene, V., Pellegrini, F., Celia, E., Gelfman, R., Leal, M. R., Torok, M., Stroumza, P., Frantzen, L., Bednarek-Sku Tags: Chronic Kidney Disease Source Type: research

Clinical adjudication in acute kidney injury studies: findings from the pivotal TIMP-2*IGFBP7 biomarker study
Conclusions In this analysis, urine [TIMP-2]•[IGFBP7] levels correlated to clinically adjudicated AKI better than to KDIGO criteria. Furthermore, in difficult cases where adjudicators overruled KDIGO criteria, the biomarker test discriminated well. This study highlights the importance of clinical adjudication of AKI for biomarker studies and lends further support for the value of urine [TIMP-2]•[IGFBP7]. (Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation)
Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation - September 27, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Liu, K. D., Vijayan, A., Rosner, M. H., Shi, J., Chawla, L. S., Kellum, J. A. Tags: Acute Kidney Injury Source Type: research

Common chronic conditions do not affect performance of cell cycle arrest biomarkers for risk stratification of acute kidney injury
Conclusions We observed no significant impairment in the performance of cell cycle arrest biomarkers due to the presence of chronic comorbid conditions. (Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation)
Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation - September 27, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Heung, M., Ortega, L. M., Chawla, L. S., Wunderink, R. G., Self, W. H., Koyner, J. L., Shi, J., Kellum, J. A., for the Sapphire and Topaz Investigators Tags: Acute Kidney Injury Source Type: research

Acetazolamide enhances the release of urinary exosomal aquaporin-1
Conclusion The present findings indicate that AZ increases the release of exosomal AQP1 into urine in association with enhanced apical membrane expression of AQP1. (Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation)
Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation - September 27, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Abdeen, A., Sonoda, H., Oshikawa, S., Hoshino, Y., Kondo, H., Ikeda, M. Tags: BASIC SCIENCE Source Type: research

Curcumin ameliorates nephrosclerosis via suppression of histone acetylation independent of hypertension
Conclusions Our results suggested that curcumin ameliorates nephrosclerosis via suppression of histone acetylation, independently of hypertension. (Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation)
Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation - September 27, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Muta, K., Obata, Y., Oka, S., Abe, S., Minami, K., Kitamura, M., Endo, D., Koji, T., Nishino, T. Tags: BASIC SCIENCE Source Type: research

Neurological complications in chronic kidney disease patients
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a high prevalence of cerebrovascular disorders such as stroke, white matter diseases, intracerebral microbleeds and cognitive impairment. This situation has been observed not only in end-stage renal disease patients but also in patients with mild or moderate CKD. The occurrence of cerebrovascular disorders may be linked to the presence of traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors in CKD. Here, we review current knowledge on the epidemiological aspects of CKD-associated neurological and cognitive disorders and discuss putative causes and potential treatment. ...
Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation - September 27, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Chillon, J.-M., Massy, Z. A., Stengel, B. Tags: REVIEWS - CLINICAL SCIENCE AND OUTCOME RESEARCH IN NEPHROLOGY Source Type: research

Progress in the treatment of atherosclerotic renovascular disease: the conceptual journey and the unanswered questions
Over the past decades, management of atherosclerotic renovascular disease (ARVD) has undergone significant progress, in parallel with increased knowledge about the complex pathophysiology of this condition. Modern multi-targeted medical management of atherosclerosis has driven a change in both the natural history and the clinical outcomes of ARVD. Progression to total renal artery occlusion is a much less common occurrence and while early studies have reported that up to 41% of patients reached renal end-points over a mean follow-up of 44 months, the latest randomized controlled trials have shown that progressive renal imp...
Source: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation - September 27, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Vassallo, D., Kalra, P. A. Tags: REVIEWS - CLINICAL SCIENCE AND OUTCOME RESEARCH IN NEPHROLOGY Source Type: research