US scientists plot return to the Moon's surface
Nature 555, 7695 (2018). http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/d41586-018-02697-5
Author: Alexandra Witze
Lunar researchers want to take advantage of Trump administration’s political interest. (Source: Nature)
Source: Nature - March 8, 2018 Category: Research Authors: Alexandra Witze Tags: News Source Type: research
Fund ideas, not pedigree, to find fresh insight
Nature 555, 7695 (2018). http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/d41586-018-02743-2
Author: Thomas Sinkjær
Anonymous applications free scientists to make bold proposals; ‘golden tickets’ free reviewers to bet on them, says Thomas Sinkjær. (Source: Nature)
Source: Nature - March 8, 2018 Category: Research Authors: Thomas Sinkj ær Tags: Column Source Type: research
Does your code stand up to scrutiny?
Nature 555, 7695 (2018). doi:10.1038/d41586-018-02741-4
Author:
Nature journals encourage researchers who submit papers that rely on bespoke software to provide the programs for peer review. (Source: Nature)
Source: Nature - March 8, 2018 Category: Research Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Learn to tell science stories
Nature 555, 7695 (2018). doi:10.1038/d41586-018-02740-5
Author:
Ocean researchers are among those inspired by science fiction to tell diverse tales of the future. (Source: Nature)
Source: Nature - March 8, 2018 Category: Research Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
Gating mechanisms of acid-sensing ion channels
Gouaux
Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are trimeric, proton-gated and sodium-selective members of the epithelial sodium channel/degenerin (ENaC/DEG) superfamily of ion channels and are expressed throughout vertebrate central and peripheral nervous systems. Gating of ASICs occurs on a millisecond time scale and the mechanism involves three conformational states: high pH resting, low pH open and low pH desensitized. Existing X-ray structures of ASIC1a describe the conformations of the open and desensitized states, but the structure of the high pH resting state and detailed mechanisms of the activation and desensitizat...
Source: Nature - March 7, 2018 Category: Research Authors: Nate Yoder Craig Yoshioka Eric Gouaux Tags: Letter Source Type: research
Epigenetic reprogramming enables the transition from primordial germ cell to gonocyte
Sriharsa Pradhan & Petra Hajkova
Gametes are highly specialized cells that can give rise to the next generation through their ability to generate a totipotent zygote. In mice, germ cells are first specified in the developing embryo around embryonic day (E) 6.25 as primordial germ cells (PGCs). Following subsequent migration into the developing gonad, PGCs undergo a wave of extensive epigenetic reprogramming around E10.5–E11.5, including genome-wide loss of 5-methylcytosine. The underlying molecular mechanisms of this process have remained unclear, leading to our inability to recapitulate this step of germline d...
Source: Nature - March 7, 2018 Category: Research Authors: Peter W. S. Hill Harry G. Leitch Cristina E. Requena Zhiyi Sun Rachel Amouroux Monica Roman-Trufero Malgorzata Borkowska Jolyon Terragni Romualdas Vaisvila Sarah Linnett Hakan Bagci Gopuraja Dharmalingham Vanja Haberle Boris Lenhard Yu Zheng Sriharsa Prad Tags: Letter Source Type: research
EWS –FLI1 increases transcription to cause R-loops and block BRCA1 repair in Ewing sarcoma
EWS–FLI1 increases transcription to cause R-loops and block BRCA1 repair in Ewing sarcoma
Nature 555, 7696 (2018). doi:10.1038/nature25748
Authors: Aparna Gorthi, July Carolina Romero, Eva Loranc, Lin Cao, Liesl A. Lawrence, Elicia Goodale, Amanda Balboni Iniguez, Xavier Bernard, V. Pragathi Masamsetti, Sydney Roston, Elizabeth R. Lawlor, Jeffrey A. Toretsky, Kimberly Stegmaier, Stephen L. Lessnick, Yidong Chen & Alexander J. R. Bishop
Ewing sarcoma is an aggressive paediatric cancer of the bone and soft tissue. It results from a chromosomal translocation, predominantly t(11;22)(q24:q12), t...
Source: Nature - March 7, 2018 Category: Research Authors: Aparna Gorthi July Carolina Romero Eva Loranc Lin Cao Liesl A. Lawrence Elicia Goodale Amanda Balboni Iniguez Xavier Bernard V. Pragathi Masamsetti Sydney Roston Elizabeth R. Lawlor Jeffrey A. Toretsky Kimberly Stegmaier Stephen L. Lessnick Yidong Chen Al Tags: Letter Source Type: research
Human hippocampal neurogenesis drops sharply in children to undetectable levels in adults
Oldham, Eric J. Huang, Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo, Zhengang Yang & Arturo Alvarez-Buylla
New neurons continue to be generated in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of the adult mammalian hippocampus. This process has been linked to learning and memory, stress and exercise, and is thought to be altered in neurological disease. In humans, some studies have suggested that hundreds of new neurons are added to the adult dentate gyrus every day, whereas other studies find many fewer putative new neurons. Despite these discrepancies, it is generally believed that the adult human hippocampus continues to generate ...
Source: Nature - March 7, 2018 Category: Research Authors: Shawn F. Sorrells Mercedes F. Paredes Arantxa Cebrian-Silla Kadellyn Sandoval Dashi Qi Kevin W. Kelley David James Simone Mayer Julia Chang Kurtis I. Auguste Edward F. Chang Antonio J. Gutierrez Arnold R. Kriegstein Gary W. Mathern Michael C. Oldham Eric Tags: Letter Source Type: research
Pervasive phosphorus limitation of tree species but not communities in tropical forests
Condit
Phosphorus availability is widely assumed to limit primary productivity in tropical forests, but support for this paradigm is equivocal. Although biogeochemical theory predicts that phosphorus limitation should be prevalent on old, strongly weathered soils, experimental manipulations have failed to detect a consistent response to phosphorus addition in species-rich lowland tropical forests. Here we show, by quantifying the growth of 541 tropical tree species across a steep natural phosphorus gradient in Panama, that phosphorus limitation is widespread at the level of individual species and strengthens markedly ...
Source: Nature - March 7, 2018 Category: Research Authors: Benjamin L. Turner Tania Brenes-Arguedas Richard Condit Tags: Letter Source Type: research
Pursuing sustainable productivity with millions of smallholder farmers
uanying Liu, Xianlong Peng, Jun Ren, Shiqing Li, Xiping Deng, Xiaojun Shi, Qiang Zhang, Zhiping Yang, Li Tang, Changzhou Wei, Liangliang Jia, Jiwang Zhang, Mingrong He, Yanan Tong, Qiyuan Tang, Xuhua Zhong, Zhaohui Liu, Ning Cao, Changlin Kou, Hao Ying, Yulong Yin, Xiaoqiang Jiao, Qingsong Zhang, Mingsheng Fan, Rongfeng Jiang, Fusuo Zhang & Zhengxia Dou
Sustainably feeding a growing population is a grand challenge, and one that is particularly difficult in regions that are dominated by smallholder farming. Despite local successes, mobilizing vast smallholder communities with science- and evidence-based management ...
Source: Nature - March 7, 2018 Category: Research Authors: Zhenling Cui Hongyan Zhang Xinping Chen Chaochun Zhang Wenqi Ma Chengdong Huang Weifeng Zhang Guohua Mi Yuxin Miao Xiaolin Li Qiang Gao Jianchang Yang Zhaohui Wang Youliang Ye Shiwei Guo Jianwei Lu Jianliang Huang Shihua Lv Yixiang Sun Yuanying Liu Xianlo Tags: Letter Source Type: research
Altruism in a volatile world
Sumner
The evolution of altruism—costly self-sacrifice in the service of others—has puzzled biologists since The Origin of Species. For half a century, attempts to understand altruism have developed around the concept that altruists may help relatives to have extra offspring in order to spread shared genes. This theory—known as inclusive fitness—is founded on a simple inequality termed Hamilton’s rule. However, explanations of altruism have typically not considered the stochasticity of natural environments, which will not necessarily favour genotypes that produce the greatest average reproductive success. M...
Source: Nature - March 7, 2018 Category: Research Authors: Patrick Kennedy Andrew D. Higginson Andrew N. Radford Seirian Sumner Tags: Letter Source Type: research
Corrigendum: Landscape of X chromosome inactivation across human tissues
Nature 555, 7695 (2018). doi:10.1038/nature25993
Author: Taru Tukiainen, Alexandra-Chloé Villani, Angela Yen, Manuel A. Rivas, Jamie L. Marshall, Rahul Satija, Matt Aguirre, Laura Gauthier, Mark Fleharty, Andrew Kirby, Beryl B. Cummings, Stephane E. Castel, Konrad J. Karczewski, François Aguet, Andrea Byrnes, GTEx Consortium, Tuuli Lappalainen, Aviv Regev, Kristin G. Ardlie, Nir Hacohen & Daniel G. MacArthur
Nature550, 244–248 (2017); doi:10.1038/nature24265In this Letter, the Source Data associated with Fig. 2a and d were incorrect. This was due to an error during manuscript preparation...
Source: Nature - March 7, 2018 Category: Research Authors: Taru Tukiainen Alexandra-Chlo é Villani Angela Yen Manuel A. Rivas Jamie L. Marshall Rahul Satija Matt Aguirre Laura Gauthier Mark Fleharty Andrew Kirby Beryl B. Cummings Stephane E. Castel Konrad J. Karczewski Fran çois Aguet Andrea Byrnes GTEx Consort Tags: Corrigendum Source Type: research
Social norm complexity and past reputations in the evolution of cooperation
acheco
Indirect reciprocity is the most elaborate and cognitively demanding of all known cooperation mechanisms, and is the most specifically human because it involves reputation and status. By helping someone, individuals may increase their reputation, which may change the predisposition of others to help them in future. The revision of an individual’s reputation depends on the social norms that establish what characterizes a good or bad action and thus provide a basis for morality. Norms based on indirect reciprocity are often sufficiently complex that an individual’s ability to follow subjective rules becomes i...
Source: Nature - March 7, 2018 Category: Research Authors: Fernando P. Santos Francisco C. Santos Jorge M. Pacheco Tags: Letter Source Type: research
CaSiO3 perovskite in diamond indicates the recycling of oceanic crust into the lower mantle
p; J. Davidson
Laboratory experiments and seismology data have created a clear theoretical picture of the most abundant minerals that comprise the deeper parts of the Earth’s mantle. Discoveries of some of these minerals in ‘super-deep’ diamonds—formed between two hundred and about one thousand kilometres into the lower mantle—have confirmed part of this picture. A notable exception is the high-pressure perovskite-structured polymorph of calcium silicate (CaSiO3). This mineral—expected to be the fourth most abundant in the Earth—has not previously been found in nature. Being the dominant host for calcium...
Source: Nature - March 7, 2018 Category: Research Authors: F. Nestola N. Korolev M. Kopylova N. Rotiroti D. G. Pearson M. G. Pamato M. Alvaro L. Peruzzo J. J. Gurney A. E. Moore J. Davidson Tags: Letter Source Type: research
Monolayer atomic crystal molecular superlattices
Yu Huang & Xiangfeng Duan
Artificial superlattices, based on van der Waals heterostructures of two-dimensional atomic crystals such as graphene or molybdenum disulfide, offer technological opportunities beyond the reach of existing materials. Typical strategies for creating such artificial superlattices rely on arduous layer-by-layer exfoliation and restacking, with limited yield and reproducibility. The bottom-up approach of using chemical-vapour deposition produces high-quality heterostructures but becomes increasingly difficult for high-order superlattices. The intercalation of selected two-dimensional atomic ...
Source: Nature - March 7, 2018 Category: Research Authors: Chen Wang Qiyuan He Udayabagya Halim Yuanyue Liu Enbo Zhu Zhaoyang Lin Hai Xiao Xidong Duan Ziying Feng Rui Cheng Nathan O. Weiss Guojun Ye Yun-Chiao Huang Hao Wu Hung-Chieh Cheng Imran Shakir Lei Liao Xianhui Chen William A. Goddard III Yu Huang Xiangfen Tags: Letter Source Type: research
