The dawn of multimodal artificial intelligence in nephrology
Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 14 December 2023; doi:10.1038/s41581-023-00799-6The next generation of artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled nephrology will leverage generalist models that link diverse multimodal patient data with the linguistic and emergent capabilities of large language models. In 2023, advances in AI that linked novel unstructured data with physiological and clinical characteristics moved the field closer to realizing this vision. (Source: Nature Reviews Nephrology)
Source: Nature Reviews Nephrology - December 14, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Benjamin Shickel Azra Bihorac Source Type: research

New evidence of the impact of mitochondria on kidney health and disease
Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 14 December 2023; doi:10.1038/s41581-023-00803-zSeveral publications from 2023 have substantiated the importance of altered NAD synthesis in kidney injury and disease progression. Now, NAD deficiency has been linked to the release of mitochondrial RNA and activation of pathways that induce inflammation. Another enzyme that governs mitochondrial function, PCK1, has also now been linked to kidney disease. (Source: Nature Reviews Nephrology)
Source: Nature Reviews Nephrology - December 14, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Thomas Verissimo Sophie de Seigneux Source Type: research

Progress towards improving blood pressure control
Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 06 December 2023; doi:10.1038/s41581-023-00798-7Despite the availability of effective therapies, the majority of patients with hypertension have poor blood pressure control. Key advances in 2023 have the potential to lead to better treatment adherence and control of blood pressure as well as providing new understanding of postmenopausal hypertension, which may lead to improved therapies. (Source: Nature Reviews Nephrology)
Source: Nature Reviews Nephrology - December 6, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Kate M. Denton Source Type: research

Targeted identification of risk and treatment of diabetic kidney disease
Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 01 December 2023; doi:10.1038/s41581-023-00796-9Basic discovery and clinical trials in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) have continued to be reported in 2023 despite the disruption of research activity by COVID-19 in recent years. Advances in clinical trials and emerging ways to diagnose, monitor and treat DKD dominate the current literature. (Source: Nature Reviews Nephrology)
Source: Nature Reviews Nephrology - December 1, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Sarah J. Glastras Carol A. Pollock Source Type: research

Consideration of sex differences is necessary to achieve health equity
Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 30 November 2023; doi:10.1038/s41581-023-00792-zImproved understanding of the impact of sex and gender-related factors on human health and disease and the inclusion of people of all genders in research studies is necessary to reduce health inequities and enable a more personalized approach to patient care. (Source: Nature Reviews Nephrology)
Source: Nature Reviews Nephrology - November 30, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Targeting APRIL to slow progression of IgA nephropathy
Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 27 November 2023; doi:10.1038/s41581-023-00794-xTargeting APRIL to slow progression of IgA nephropathy (Source: Nature Reviews Nephrology)
Source: Nature Reviews Nephrology - November 27, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Monica Wang Source Type: research

Renoprotective effects of sparsentan: clinical trial evidence in IgA nephropathy and FSGS
Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 27 November 2023; doi:10.1038/s41581-023-00795-wRenoprotective effects of sparsentan: clinical trial evidence in IgA nephropathy and FSGS (Source: Nature Reviews Nephrology)
Source: Nature Reviews Nephrology - November 27, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Monica Wang Source Type: research

Author Correction: The immunoregulatory roles of non-haematopoietic cells in the kidney
Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 23 November 2023; doi:10.1038/s41581-023-00793-yAuthor Correction: The immunoregulatory roles of non-haematopoietic cells in the kidney (Source: Nature Reviews Nephrology)
Source: Nature Reviews Nephrology - November 23, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: George C. Tsokos Afroditi Boulougoura Vivek Kasinath Yushiro Endo Reza Abdi Hao Li Source Type: research

Mechanisms and consequences of sex differences in immune responses
Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 22 November 2023; doi:10.1038/s41581-023-00787-wSex differences in immune cell function and immune responses affect the development and outcome of diverse diseases. Here, the authors review current understanding of sex differences in immunity. They describe the key mechanisms that mediate sex differences in immune responses and discuss the functional relevance of such differences for immune-related diseases. (Source: Nature Reviews Nephrology)
Source: Nature Reviews Nephrology - November 22, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Shannon E. Dunn Whitney A. Perry Sabra L. Klein Source Type: research

Differences in the epidemiology, management and outcomes of kidney disease in men and women
Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 20 November 2023; doi:10.1038/s41581-023-00784-zImproved understanding of kidney disease from a sex- and gender-specific perspective is needed to improve patient care. Here, the authors discuss differences in the epidemiology, management and outcomes of acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease and kidney failure in men and women. (Source: Nature Reviews Nephrology)
Source: Nature Reviews Nephrology - November 20, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Nicholas C. Chesnaye Juan Jesus Carrero Manfred Hecking Kitty J. Jager Source Type: research

The immunoregulatory roles of non-haematopoietic cells in the kidney
Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 20 November 2023; doi:10.1038/s41581-023-00786-xEmerging evidence suggests that cells resident within organs — both immune and parenchymal — can facilitate the instigation and propagation of tissue injury. In this Review, the authors discuss findings that suggest that kidney parenchymal cells provide structural immunity to the kidney through the regulation of immune-relevant processes, with consequences for kidney inflammation and injury. (Source: Nature Reviews Nephrology)
Source: Nature Reviews Nephrology - November 20, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: George C. Tsokos Afroditi Boulougoura Vivek Kasinath Ushiro Endo Reza Abdi Hao Li Source Type: research

Kidney xenotransplantation edges closer to the clinic
Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 16 November 2023; doi:10.1038/s41581-023-00790-1The demand for kidney transplants is far from met by human donors — a problem that may be solved by the clinical translation of porcine kidney xenotransplantation. A new paper describes the development of genetically ‘humanized’ pigs, the kidneys of which kept nephrectomized cynomolgus macaques alive for up to 2 years. (Source: Nature Reviews Nephrology)
Source: Nature Reviews Nephrology - November 16, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Eckhard Wolf Bruno Reichart Source Type: research

Chronic cardiovascular–kidney disorder: a new conceptual framework
Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 15 November 2023; doi:10.1038/s41581-023-00789-8The current nomenclature for cardiorenal syndrome is problematic owing to its chronological approach and the systemic nature of some of the subtypes. We suggest adoption of a new concept, chronic cardiovascular–kidney disorder, that better reflects the contributions of common risk factors and shared pathophysiological mechanisms. (Source: Nature Reviews Nephrology)
Source: Nature Reviews Nephrology - November 15, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Carmine Zoccali Francesca Mallamaci Jean-Michel Halimi Patrick Rossignol Pantelis Serafidis Raffaele De Caterina Robert Giugliano Faiez Zannad Source Type: research

Publisher Correction: Drosophila melanogaster: a simple genetic model of kidney structure, function and disease
Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 10 November 2023; doi:10.1038/s41581-023-00788-9Publisher Correction: Drosophila melanogaster: a simple genetic model of kidney structure, function and disease (Source: Nature Reviews Nephrology)
Source: Nature Reviews Nephrology - November 10, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Julian A. T. Dow Matias Simons Michael F. Romero Source Type: research

Sex differences in energy metabolism: natural selection, mechanisms and consequences
Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 03 November 2023; doi:10.1038/s41581-023-00781-2In this Review, Franck Mauvais-Jarvis discusses how adaptive selection during evolution could have shaped sex differences in energy partitioning, adipose tissue function and distribution, and glucose homeostasis. He also discusses the hormonal and genetic mechanisms that underlie these sex differences and their implications for metabolic disease and sex-based precision medicine. (Source: Nature Reviews Nephrology)
Source: Nature Reviews Nephrology - November 3, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Franck Mauvais-Jarvis Source Type: research