In Vitro Mammalian Cell Mutation Assays Based on the Pig-a Gene: A Report of the International Workshops on Genetic Toxicology (IWGT) Workgroup
Publication date: Available online 7 March 2019Source: Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental MutagenesisAuthor(s): J.C. Bemis, R.H. HeflichAbstractPig-a gene mutation assays enumerate cells with the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor-deficient phenotype as a reporter of mutation in the endogenous Pig-a gene. Methods for measuring mutation in this gene are quite well established for in vivo systems. This approach to mutagenicity assessment has now been extended to in vitro mammalian cell-based systems. An expert workgroup from the International Workshop on Genotoxicity Testing tasked with assessing t...
Source: Mutation Research Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis - March 8, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Assessment of genotoxicity and cholinesterase activity among women workers occupationally exposed to pesticides in tea garden
We examined 143 women subjects including 77 women workers exposed to pesticide in tea garden (exposed) and 66 women subject with no history of occupational exposure to pesticides (non-exposed). The two groups had similar mean ages, BMI and personal habits. The results revealed that exposed group had lower activity of AChE (2.86 ± 0.75 vs. 3.93 ± 0.87 U/ml) BChE (2.02 ± 0.74 vs. 2.60 ± 0.74 U/ml), p < 0.001) than those of non-exposed group. The mean comet parameters such as tail length (TM), % DNA in tail, tail moment (TM) and olive tail moment (OTM) used to measure DNA damage were significantly ...
Source: Mutation Research Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis - March 6, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Radioprotective properties of food colorant sodium copper chlorophyllin on human peripheral blood cells in vitro
Publication date: Available online 1 March 2019Source: Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental MutagenesisAuthor(s): Marko Gerić, Goran Gajski, Branka Mihaljević, Saveta Miljanić, Ana-Marija Domijan, Vera Garaj-VrhovacAbstractSodium copper chlorophyllin (CHL) is a food colorant that exhibits many beneficial properties, including potential for use in radiotherapy. Nevertheless, genotoxicity studies investigating radioprotective properties against γ-radiation on human cells are rather scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and induction of malondialdehyde formation on CH...
Source: Mutation Research Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis - March 4, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Targets and mechanisms of chemically induced aneuploidy. part 1 of the report of the 2017 iwgt workgroup on assessing the risk of aneugens for carcinogenesis and hereditary diseases
Publication date: Available online 2 March 2019Source: Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental MutagenesisAuthor(s): Anthony M. Lynch, David Eastmond, Azeddine Elhajouji, Roland Froetschl, Micheline Kirsch-Volders, Francesco Marchetti, Kenichi Masumura, Francesca Pacchierotti, Maik Schuler, David TweatsAbstractAn aneuploidy workgroup was established as part of the 7th International Workshops on Genotoxicity Testing. The workgroup conducted a review of the scientific literature on the biological mechanisms of aneuploidy in mammalian cells and methods used to detect chemical aneugens. In addition, the current ...
Source: Mutation Research Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis - March 4, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Lactobacillus plantarum MON03 counteracts zearalenone génotoxicty in mice: Chromosome aberrations, micronuclei, DNA fragmentation and apoptotique gene expression
This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of lactic acid bacteria, isolated from Tunisia traditional butter, Lactobacillus plantarum MON03 (LP) to protect mice against cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by ZEN. Two doses of LP (2 × 109 CFU/L, ∼2 mg/kg and 4 × 109 CFU/L, ∼4 mg/kg) was added alone or in combination with a toxic intragastric ZEN (40 mg/kg representing 8% of LD50) dose daily for 2 wk by oral gavage. The control group received distilled water. The positive control groups received Colchicin (4 mg/kg bw) for the micronucleus assay and mitomycin C (1 mg/kg bw) for the chromosome a...
Source: Mutation Research Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis - March 1, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Genotoxic damage in coelomocytes of eisenia andrei exposed to urban soils
Publication date: Available online 23 February 2019Source: Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental MutagenesisAuthor(s): Flavio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Júnior, Caroline Lopes Feijo Fernandes, Ronan Adler Tavella, Laiz Coutelle Hoscha, Paulo Roberto Martins BaischAbstractBased on the hypothesis that urban activities can deposit chemical contaminants in soil and consequently have an impact on the vitality of key organisms of the ecosystem, the aim of the present study was to analyse genotoxicity in earthworm’s coelomocytes in urban soil samples in comparison to soil samples from protected areas. Earthworm...
Source: Mutation Research Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis - February 25, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Horizon scanning for novel and emerging in vitro mammalian cell mutagenicity test systems
Publication date: Available online 21 February 2019Source: Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental MutagenesisAuthor(s): Stephen J. Evans, Bhaskar Gollapudi, Martha M. Moore, Shareen H. DoakAbstractThe induction of gene mutation within a DNA sequence can result in an adverse impact, altering or preventing gene function. Therefore, in vitro evaluation of mutagenicity is an essential component of the toxicological screening process. A variety of mutagen screening tools are routinely used in genetic toxicology, which are based on selected reporter genes. These assays are however typically labour intensive and i...
Source: Mutation Research Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis - February 22, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

High Information Content Assays for Genetic Toxicology Testing: A Report of the International Workshops on Genotoxicity Testing (IWGT)
Publication date: Available online 21 February 2019Source: Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental MutagenesisAuthor(s): Stephen D. Dertinger, Yukari Totsuka, Jason H. Bielas, Ann T. Doherty, Jos Kleinjans, Masamitsu Honma, Francesco Marchetti, Maik J. Schuler, Veronique Thybaud, Paul White, Carole L. YaukAbstractWe live in an era of ‘big data’, where the volume, velocity, and variety of the data being generated is increasingly influencing the way toxicological sciences are practiced. With this in mind, a workgroup was formed for the 2017 International Workshops on Genotoxicity Testing (IWGT) to consider...
Source: Mutation Research Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis - February 22, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

The comet assay for human biomonitoring: Effect of cryopreservation on DNA damage in different blood cell preparations
This study was designed within the frame of the COST Action hCOMET 15132 (Working Group 6), with the aim of comparing different peripheral blood cell preparations for their feasibility in human biomonitoring studies, using the comet assay for the evaluation of DNA damage. Basal levels of strand breaks/ALS and formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg) - sites, and H2O2 (500 μM)-induced strand breaks, were measured in whole blood, peripheral blood mononuclear cells - lymphocytes and monocytes - and buffy coat; in fresh and 1, 4 and 12 weeks-frozen samples. The comparison among the fresh preparations showed that the basal le...
Source: Mutation Research Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis - February 15, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Editorial Board
Publication date: March 2019Source: Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, Volume 839Author(s): (Source: Mutation Research Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis)
Source: Mutation Research Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis - February 9, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

The Response of Escherichia coli to the Alkylating Agents Chloroacetaldehyde and Styrene Oxide
Publication date: Available online 7 February 2019Source: Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental MutagenesisAuthor(s): Mark M. Muenter, Ariel Aiken, Jadesola O. Akanji, Samir Baig, Sirine Bellou, Alyssa Carlson, Charles Conway, Courtney M. Cowell, Nicholas A. DeLateur, Alexis Hester, Christopher Joshi, Caitlin Kramer, Becky Leifer, Emma Nash, Macee Qi, Meghan Travers, Kelly C. Wong, Man Hu, Na Gou, Roger W. GieseAbstractDNA damage is ubiquitous and can arise from endogenous or exogenous sources. DNA-damaging alkylating agents are present in environmental toxicants as well as in cancer chemotherapy drugs and...
Source: Mutation Research Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis - February 9, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Transcriptional response of murine bone marrow cells to total-body carbon-ion irradiation
Publication date: Available online 26 January 2019Source: Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental MutagenesisAuthor(s): Fang Liu, Zhuanzi Wang, Wenjian Li, Yanting WeiAbstractThe need to understand the health effects of heavy ion irradiation is motivated by the use of this modality in radiotherapy and by the potential for exposure during space missions. We have studied the effects of carbon-ion total-body irradiation on the hematopoietic system of the mouse and, in particular, the transcriptional response of bone marrow (BM) cells. Carbon-ion irradiation caused BM cell DNA damage, apoptosis, elevated ROS, an...
Source: Mutation Research Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis - January 27, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Oxidative stress and DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal, obese, prediabetic and diabetic persons exposed to adrenaline in vitro
Publication date: Available online 24 January 2019Source: Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental MutagenesisAuthor(s): Djelić Ninoslav, Radaković Milena, Borozan Sunčica, Vesna Dimirijević-Srećković, Pajović Nevena, Vejnović Branislav, Borozan Nevena, Ezgi Eylül Bankoglu, Stopper Helga, Stanimirović ZoranAbstractDiabetes represents one of the major health concerns, especially in developed countries. Some hormones such as the stress hormone adrenaline can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and may worsen the diabetes. Therefore, the main aim of the investigation was to find out whether peripheral...
Source: Mutation Research Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis - January 25, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Kidney nanotoxicity studied in human renal proximal tubule epithelial cell line TH1
Publication date: Available online 24 January 2019Source: Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental MutagenesisAuthor(s): Monika Sramkova, Katarina Kozics, Vlasta Masanova, Iveta Uhnakova, Filip Razga, Veronika Nemethova, Petra Mazancova, Lucyna Kapka-Skrzypczak, Marcin Kruszewski, Marta Novotova, Victor F. Puntes, Alena GabelovaAbstractProgressive expansion of nanomaterials in our everyday life raises concerns about their safety for human health. Although kidneys are the primary organs of xenobiotic elimination, little attention has been paid to the kidneys in terms of nanotoxicological studies up to now. Her...
Source: Mutation Research Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis - January 25, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Genotoxicity of (+)- and (−)-usnic acid in mice
Publication date: March 2019Source: Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, Volume 839Author(s): Ilya Prokopiev, Galina Filippova, Eduard Filippov, Ivan Voronov, Igor Sleptsov, Aliy ZhanataevAbstractUsnic acid, which is the most widespread and well-studied secondary lichen compound, has antibacterial and cytotoxic effects. Usnic acid is present in lichens as the (+)- and (-)-enantiomers, which have different biological activities. We used a DNA-comet assay to determine the genotoxic effect of (+)- and (−)-usnic acid in the liver and kidney cells of mice. The genotoxic effect of usnic acid was ...
Source: Mutation Research Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis - January 25, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research