Deeper below the surface —transcriptional changes in selected genes of Clostridium beijerinckii in response to butanol shock
Detailed analyses of transcriptome data obtained after butanol shock and their comparison with data from standard acetone –butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation revealed new findings and confirmed the expected population response. Although butanol shock resulted in upregulation of heat shock protein genes, their regulation is probably different than was assumed based on transcriptome data from standard ABE fermentatio n. While glucose uptake, glycolysis, and acidogenesis genes were downregulated after butanol shock, solventogenesis genes were upregulated. AbstractThe main bottleneck in the return of industrial butanol pro...
Source: MicrobiologyOpen - February 16, 2021 Category: Microbiology Authors: Petra Patakova, Jan Kolek, Katerina Jureckova, Barbora Branska, Karel Sedlar, Maryna Vasylkivska, Ivo Provaznik Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Microbiota succession during aerobic stability of maize silage inoculated with Lentilactobacillus buchneri NCIMB 40788 and Lentilactobacillus hilgardii CNCM ‐I‐4785
Aerobic deterioration of silage following feeding out is responsible for important quality losses on farms. Inoculation with a combination ofLentilactobacillus buchneri andLentilactobacillus hilgardii modified the consequence of exposure to air and maintained higher microbial diversity, avoiding spoiling microorganisms detrimental effect on the silage. AbstractAerobic deterioration of silage following feeding out is responsible for the deterioration of its quality. Inoculation of silage with lactic acid bacteria is one strategy to limit these effects. A trial was performed using whole ‐plant corn ensiled in bag silo, and...
Source: MicrobiologyOpen - February 16, 2021 Category: Microbiology Authors: Pascal Drouin, Julien Tremblay, Justin Renaud, Emmanuelle Apper Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Isolation and characterization of fast ‐growing green snow bacteria from coastal East Antarctica
In this study, 45 fast ‐growing bacteria were isolated from green snow in East Antarctica. Bacterial isolates, identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, showed a wide range of growth temperature from 4°C to 25°C and a high‐level of enzymatic activity. Phenotyping using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy revealed a p ossible accumulation of intracellular polymers and lipids in some of the isolates. AbstractSnow microorganisms play a significant role in climate change and affecting the snow melting rate in the Arctic and Antarctic regions. While research on algae inhabiting green and red snow has been performed extensi...
Source: MicrobiologyOpen - February 16, 2021 Category: Microbiology Authors: Margarita Smirnova, Uladzislau Miamin, Achim Kohler, Leonid Valentovich, Artur Akhremchuk, Anastasiya Sidarenka, Andrey Dolgikh, Volha Shapaval Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Efficacy of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299 and 299v against nosocomial oropharyngeal pathogens in vitro and as an oral prophylactic treatment in a randomized, controlled clinical trial
ConclusionsLp299 and Lp299v inhibited pathogen growth in vitro but did not affect the oropharyngeal microbiota in vivo. The ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier for this study is NCT02303301. (Source: MicrobiologyOpen)
Source: MicrobiologyOpen - February 16, 2021 Category: Microbiology Authors: Anna Tranberg, Bengt Klarin, Julia Johansson, Lisa I. P åhlman Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Temporal transcriptomes of a marine cyanopodovirus and its Synechococcus host during infection
Marine picocyanobacteria belonging to generaSynechococcus andProchlorococcus are genetically diverse and distributed into distinct biogeographical patterns, and both are infected by genetically closely related cyanopodoviruses. Here, we isolated and characterized a cyanopodovirus infectingSynechococcus, carried out RNA ‐seq analysis, and compared the results to the expression patterns of a cyanopodovirus and itsProchlorococcus host, which were previously reported. Our study demonstrated that cyanopodoviruses infecting marineSynechococcus andProchlorococcus undergo similar genome ‐wide expression dynamics and that gene ...
Source: MicrobiologyOpen - February 16, 2021 Category: Microbiology Authors: Sijun Huang, Yingting Sun, Si Zhang, Lijuan Long Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Novel multiplex TaqMan assay for differentiation of the four major pathogenic Brachyspira species in swine
AbstractA novel TaqMan 5 ‐plex real‐time PCR using a combination of locked nucleic acid‐modified (LNA)‐ and minor groove binding (MGB)‐conjugated DNA probes was developed for identification and differentiation between the four main pathogenicBrachyspira species in swine.B. hyodysenteriae,B. pilosicoli, andB. suanatina are identified using three hydrolysis probes targetingcpn60, whileB. hampsonii is recognized by anothernox specific probe. The assay also includes an exogenous internal control simultaneously verifying the PCR competency of the DNA samples. Validation of the novel assay was performed using DNA s...
Source: MicrobiologyOpen - February 16, 2021 Category: Microbiology Authors: Simone Scherrer, Roger Stephan Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Characteristics of DNA polymerase I from an extreme thermophile, Thermus scotoductus strain K1
The DNA polymerase from the extreme thermophileThermus scotoductus strain K1 (TsK1) was expressed inEscherichia coli, purified, and characterized. The enzyme demonstrated an optimal temperature and pH value of 72 –74°C and 9.0, respectively, and could efficiently amplify 2.5 kb DNA products.TsK1 DNA polymerase did not require additional K+ ions but it did need Mg2+ at 3 –5 mM for optimal activity. The base insertion fidelity for this enzyme was significantly better than that ofTaq DNA polymerase. AbstractSeveral native and engineered heat ‐stable DNA polymerases from a variety of sources are used as powerful tools...
Source: MicrobiologyOpen - February 16, 2021 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ani Saghatelyan, Hovik Panosyan, Armen Trchounian, Nils ‐Kåre Birkeland Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Drug repurposing: Antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of penfluridol against Enterococcus faecalis
In conclusion, these findings indicated that after structural opt imization, PF has the potential as a new antibacterial agent againstE. faecalis. (Source: MicrobiologyOpen)
Source: MicrobiologyOpen - February 16, 2021 Category: Microbiology Authors: Xianghai Zeng, Pengfei She, Linying Zhou, Shijia Li, Zubair Hussain, Lihua Chen, Yong Wu Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Circulation of an atypical hepatitis C virus (HCV) strain at a dialysis unit in northeast India
A high infection rate of HCV (26%) was detected in the dialysis unit of a tertiary care hospital. All the strains of HCV were of the same genotype and subtype 3  f. This is the first time an outbreak of HCV 3f subtype is reported. AbstractPatients undergoing hemodialysis are at an increased risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The implementation of standard infection control measures can substantially decrease the risk of infections and other nosocomial infections. To study the HCV infection rates and genotypes in maintenance hemodialysis subjects in a dialysis unit. A total of 196 maintenance hemodialysis subjects ...
Source: MicrobiologyOpen - February 16, 2021 Category: Microbiology Authors: Deepjyoti Kalita, Sangeeta Deka, Kailash Chamuah Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Identification of a conserved N ‐terminal domain in the first module of ACV synthetases
A conserved domain was identified in the first module of thel‐δ‐(α‐aminoadipoyl)‐l‐cysteinyl‐d‐valine synthetase, the first enzyme of the biosynthetic pathway of penicillin. The domain is structurally related to condensation domains, but it is approximately half the size and it lacks the typical active site motif. Nevertheless, its presence is important for catalysis. AbstractThel‐δ‐(α‐aminoadipoyl)‐l‐cysteinyl‐d‐valine synthetase (ACVS) is a trimodular nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) that provides the peptide precursor for the synthesis of β‐lactams. The enzyme has been extensivel...
Source: MicrobiologyOpen - February 15, 2021 Category: Microbiology Authors: Riccardo Iacovelli, L ászló Mózsik, Roel A.L. Bovenberg, Arnold J.M. Driessen Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Hidden heterogeneity and co ‐occurrence networks of soil prokaryotic communities revealed at the scale of individual soil aggregates
DNA extracted from ≥250‐mg of soil neglects spatial information stored in individual soil aggregates and thus limits our understanding of the structure and functionality of soil microbial communities. Here, we demonstrate that DNA obtained from individual mg‐sized soil aggregates provides new insights into how m icrobial communities are assembled and increases the likelihood of finding truly interacting microbial taxa by network analysis. AbstractSequencing PCR ‐amplified gene fragments from metagenomic DNA is a widely applied method for studying the diversity and dynamics of soil microbial communities. Typically, ...
Source: MicrobiologyOpen - February 15, 2021 Category: Microbiology Authors: M árton Szoboszlay, Christoph C. Tebbe Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Pantoea ananatis carotenoid production confers toxoflavin tolerance and is regulated by Hfq ‐controlled quorum sensing
Carotenoid production confers tolerance to toxoflavin and UV radiation inPantoea ananatis. We proposed a model of carotenoid production for the previously reported regulatory network HfqArcZ→ RpoS Ͱ ClpXP and that identified here, in which Hfq‐controlled quorum signaling derepresses EanR to activate RpoS expression, thereby initiating carotenoid production. AbstractCarotenoids are widely used in functional foods, cosmetics, and health supplements, and their importance and scope of use are continuously expanding. Here, we characterized carotenoid biosynthetic genes of the plant ‐pathogenic bacteriumPantoea ananatis, ...
Source: MicrobiologyOpen - February 15, 2021 Category: Microbiology Authors: Okhee Choi, Byeongsam Kang, Yongsang Lee, Yeyeong Lee, Jinwoo Kim Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Epipelagic microbiome of the Small Aral Sea: Metagenomic structure and ecological diversity
This study aimed to describe and analyze the microbial community from one location of the Small Aral Sea (SAS) using metagenomic approaches. In total 78% of the reads could be assigned to domains of bacteria (2,239,543 reads) and archaea (46,904 reads), while the other 22% of the sequences belonged to eukaryotes and viruses. We presume that the observed broad range of phylogenetic and ecological features displayed by the genetic signatures may demonstrate intensive mixing of water masses originating from different ecological niches of the Aral ‐Syr Darya River basin. AbstractMicrobial diversity studies regarding the aqua...
Source: MicrobiologyOpen - February 15, 2021 Category: Microbiology Authors: Madina Alexyuk, Andrey Bogoyavlenskiy, Pavel Alexyuk, Yergali Moldakhanov, Vladimir Berezin, Ilya Digel Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

No man's land: Species ‐specific formation of exclusion zones bordering Actinomyces graevenitzii microcolonies in nanoliter cultures
“Exclusion zone” formation aroundActinomyces graevenitzii microcolonies in microfluidic nanoliter volume co ‐culture chambers. This species‐specific phenomenon appears to relate toA.  graevenitzii colony stress and can alter inflammatory responses. AbstractTo survive within complex environmental niches, including the human host, bacteria have evolved intricate interspecies communities driven by competition for limited nutrients, cooperation via complementary metabolic proficiencies, and establishment of homeostatic relationships with the host immune system. The study of such complex, interdependent relationships i...
Source: MicrobiologyOpen - February 14, 2021 Category: Microbiology Authors: Fatemeh Jalali, Felix Ellett, Pooja Balani, Margaret J. Duncan, Floyd E. Dewhirst, Gary G. Borisy, Daniel Irimia Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research