Salivary calculi microbiota: new insights into microbial networks and pathogens reservoir
Publication date: Available online 30 October 2018Source: Microbes and InfectionAuthor(s): Roberta De Grandi, Pasquale Capaccio, Alessandro Bidossi, Marta Bottagisio, Lorenzo Drago, Sara Torretta, Lorenzo Pignataro, Elena De VecchiAbstractSialolithiasis represents the most common disorders of salivary glands in middle-aged patients. It has been hypothesized that the retrograde migration of bacteria from the oral cavity to gland ducts may facilitate the formation of stones. Thus, in the present study, a microbiome characterization of salivary calculi was performed to evaluate the abundance and the potential correlations bet...
Source: Microbes and Infection - October 30, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Relationship between genome packaging and Gag translation/AUG of primate lentiviruses
In this report, we developed an assay system based on the RT-qPCR to measure the packaging efficiency of primate lentiviruses. With this system, we analyzed the genome packaging modes of primate lentiviruses such as HIV-1, 2, SIVmac and SIVagm. The data suggested that the modes of all viruses analyzed were very similar. In addition, we observed that the Gag-AUG sequences of them played important roles for maintaining efficient packaging, other than the initiation of translation. (Source: Microbes and Infection)
Source: Microbes and Infection - October 16, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
ESCCAR international Congress on Rickettsiae and other Intracellular Bacteria
Publication date: Available online 10 October 2018Source: Microbes and InfectionAuthor(s): Pierre-Edouard Fournier, Carole Kebbi Beghdadi, Gilbert Greub (Source: Microbes and Infection)
Source: Microbes and Infection - October 11, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Identification of novel HLA-A11-restricted T-cell epitopes in the Ebola virus nucleoprotein
Publication date: Available online 10 October 2018Source: Microbes and InfectionAuthor(s): Dan Li, Pei Li, Nianping Song, Yuting Jiang, Yang Zeng, Guangyu Zhao, Yunzhi Fa, Huahu Ye, Yuchun Lone, Yusen Zhou, Shihui Sun, Lin ZengAbstractThe Ebola virus (EBOV) is a very contagious virus that is highly fatal in humans and animals. The largest epidemic was in West Africa in 2014, in which over 11,000 people died. However, to date, there are no licensed vaccines against it. Studies show that CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses, especially cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses, play key roles in protecting individuals from EBOV infec...
Source: Microbes and Infection - October 10, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily members 1a and 1b contribute to exacerbation of atherosclerosis by Chlamydia pneumoniae in mice
Publication date: Available online 4 October 2018Source: Microbes and InfectionAuthor(s): Mark T. Zafiratos, Jonathan T. Cottrell, Srikanth Manam, Kyle K. Henderson, Kyle H. Ramsey, Ashlesh K. MurthyAbstractThe host immune responses that mediate Chlamydia-induced chronic disease sequelae are incompletely understood. The role of TNF-α, TNF receptor 1(TNFR1), and TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2), in Chlamydia pneumoniae (CPN)-induced atherosclerosis was studied using the high-fat diet-fed male C57BL/6J mouse model. Following intranasal CPN infection, TNF-α knockout (KO), TNFR1 KO, TNFR2 KO, and TNFR 1/2 double-knockout, displayed co...
Source: Microbes and Infection - October 5, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Tick-borne pathogen detection: what's new?
Publication date: Available online 9 January 2018Source: Microbes and InfectionAuthor(s): Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz, Muriel Vayssier-Taussat, Gilbert GreubAbstractTicks and the pathogens they transmit constitute a growing burden for human and animal health worldwide. Traditionally, tick-borne pathogen detection has been carried out using PCR-based methods that rely in known sequences for specific primers design. This approach matches with the view of a ‘single-pathogen’ epidemiology. Recent results, however, have stressed the importance of coinfections in pathogen ecology and evolution with impact in pathogen transmission...
Source: Microbes and Infection - October 5, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
AIM2 senses Brucella abortus DNA in dendritic cells to induce IL-1β secretion, pyroptosis and resistance to bacterial infection in mice
In this study, we have shown that AIM2 senses Brucella DNA in dendritic cells to induce pyroptosis and regulates type I IFN. Confocal microscopy of infected cells revealed co-localization between Brucella DNA and endogenous AIM2. Dendritic cells from AIM2 KO mice infected with B. abortus showed impaired secretion of IL-1β as well as compromised caspase-1 cleavage. AIM2 KO mice displayed increased susceptibility to B. abortus infection in comparison to wild-type mice, and this susceptibility was associated with defective IL-1β production together with reduced IFN-γ responses. In summary, the increased bacterial burden ob...
Source: Microbes and Infection - October 5, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Relationship between genome packaging and Gag translation / AUG of primate lentiviruses
In this report, we developed an assay system based on the RT-qPCR to measure the packaging efficiency of primate lentiviruses. With this system, we analyzed the genome packaging modes of primate lentiviruses such as HIV-1, 2, SIVmac and SIVagm. The data suggested that the modes of all viruses analyzed were very similar. In addition, we observed that the Gag-AUG sequences of them played important roles for maintaining efficient packaging, other than the initiation of translation. (Source: Microbes and Infection)
Source: Microbes and Infection - October 5, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Improving access to essential tests for infectious diseases
Publication date: Available online 11 September 2018Source: Microbes and InfectionAuthor(s): Mikashmi Kohli, Paulami Sen, Madhukar PaiAbstractRecently, WHO published the first ever Essential Diagnostics List (EDL), which includes 113 tests, including tests for HIV, TB, malaria, hepatitis B and C, human papillomavirus (HPV) and syphilis. The EDL is a welcome first step in ensuring that diagnostics are a key part of all health systems. The impact of the list, however, will depend greatly on how countries adopt and implement the EDL. (Source: Microbes and Infection)
Source: Microbes and Infection - September 12, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Chlamydia, rickettsia and other intracellular bacteria
Publication date: Available online 23 August 2018Source: Microbes and InfectionAuthor(s): Gilbert Greub (Source: Microbes and Infection)
Source: Microbes and Infection - August 24, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
High Fat Diet Aggravates Cardiomyopathy In Murine Chronic Chagas Disease
We report, for the first time, the effect of HFD on myocardial inflammation, vasculopathy, and other types of dysfunction observed during chronic T. cruzi infection. Our results show that HFD perturbs lipid metabolism and induces oxidative stress to exacerbate late chronic Chagas disease cardiac pathology. (Source: Microbes and Infection)
Source: Microbes and Infection - July 31, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Role of interleukin-17 in a murine community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia model
In this study, we investigated the role of IL-17 in a CA-MRSA pneumonia animal model. Mortality was higher and occurred at an earlier stage of infection in the IL-17A-knockout mice than in the wild-type (P < 0.01) and IL-17A/F-knockout mice (P < 0.05); however, no significant difference in the intrapulmonary bacterial counts was observed among the three groups of mice. Moreover, the IL-17A-knockout group showed significantly higher levels of IL-17F and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and a significantly higher neutrophil count in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid than the other groups. These results co...
Source: Microbes and Infection - July 18, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
HIV-1 mutates to adapt in fluxing environments
Publication date: Available online 30 August 2017Source: Microbes and InfectionAuthor(s): Masako Nomaguchi, Naoya Doi, Takaaki Koma, Akio AdachiAbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is specifically adapted for replication, persistence, transmission, and survival in humans. HIV-1 is highly mutable in nature, and well responds to a variety of environmental pressures by altering its genome sequences. In this review, we have described experimental evidence that demonstrates this phantasmagoric property of HIV-1. (Source: Microbes and Infection)
Source: Microbes and Infection - July 10, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Host and pathogen interface: microRNAs are modulators of disease outcome
Publication date: Available online 7 September 2017Source: Microbes and InfectionAuthor(s): Michael R. Eledge, Laxmi YeruvaAbstractChlamydiae are a group of intracellular bacterium that infect a range of hosts and are responsible for the most common sexual transmitted infections, which could be the result of a plethora of factors leading to varied pathological outcomes. This review aims to show that Chlamydia possibly manipulates host defenses through microRNAs interaction. (Source: Microbes and Infection)
Source: Microbes and Infection - July 10, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
NLRX1 modulates differentially NLRP3 inflammasome activation and NF-κB signaling during Fusobacterium nucleatum infection
In this study, we revealed the mechanism by which NLRX1 positively regulates ATP-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation through mROS in gingival epithelial cells (GECs). We found that depletion of NLRX1 by shRNA attenuated ATP-induced mROS generation and redistribution of the NLRP3 inflammasome adaptor protein, ASC. Furthermore, depletion of NLRX1 inhibited Fusobacterium nucleatum infection-activated caspase-1, suggesting that it also inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome. Conversely, NLRX1 also acted as a negative regulator of NF-κB signaling and IL-8 expression. Thus, NLRX1 stimulates detection of the pathogen F. nucleatum via...
Source: Microbes and Infection - July 10, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
