Lessons on brain edema in HE: from cellular to animal models and clinical studies
AbstractBrain edema is considered as a common feature associated with hepatic encephalopathy (HE). However, its central role as cause or consequence of HE and its implication in the development of the neurological alterations linked to HE are still under debate. It is now well accepted that type A and type C HE are biologically and clinically different, leading to different manifestations of brain edema. As a result, the findings on brain edema/swelling in type C HE are variable and sometimes controversial. In the light of the changing natural history of liver disease, better description of the clinical trajectory of cirrh...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - August 22, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
A pilot study on glutamate receptor and carrier gene variants and risk of childhood autism spectrum
AbstractImbalanced glutamate signaling has been implicated in the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This case-control study was to examine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in glutamate receptor and carrier genes and determine their association with childhood ASD in a Chinese Han population. Â A total of 12 SNPs in genes encoding glutamate receptors (GRM7 and GRM8) and carriers (SLC1A1 and SLC25A12) were examined in 249 autistic children and 353 healthy controls. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and its verbal communication domain were applied to evaluate the severity of the dis ease and language ...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - August 14, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
miR-188-5p silencing improves cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by targeting Lin28a
This report aimed to explore whether miR-188-5p regulated the pathological regulatory network of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We simulated the cerebral I/R injury model with MACO/R and OGD/R treatments. Neuronal viability and apoptosis were assessed. The contents of miR-188-5p and Lin 28a were evaluated. The abundances of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF- α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were measured. The interaction of miR-188-5p and Lin28a was confirmed. Lin28a silencing was supplemented to determine the delicate regulation of miR-188-5p. We revealed ...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - August 12, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Saffron and crocin ameliorate prenatal valproic acid-induced autistic-like behaviors and brain oxidative stress in the male offspring rats
This study aimed to determine the effects of saffron extract and crocin against brain oxidative stress and behavioral, motor, and cognitive deficits in an animal model of autism in male offspring rats. 14 female rats were randomly divided into the saline and valproic acid (VPA) groups. Then, they were placed with mature male rats to mate and produce offspring. VPA (500  mg/kg, i.p.) was injected on day 12.5 of pregnancy (gestational day, GD 12.5) to induce an experimental model of autism. 48 male pups were left undisturbed for 29 days. First-round behavioral tests (before treatments) were performed on 30–33 post-natal ...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - August 11, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Exploring the therapeutic mechanism of Banxia Xiexin Decoction in mild cognitive impairment and diabetes mellitus: a network pharmacology approach
In this study, to explore the common mechanism of BXD in treating MCI and DM by using the method of network pharmacology. Â Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database (TCMSP) was used to screen the main active components of BXD, as well as to predict and screen its potential targets. Using Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), DisGeNET, GeneCards to select the ta rget proteins of two diseases, and intersecting the drug target and the disease target to obtain the common target of drug diseases, which is imported into cytoscape software to draw the network diagram of â...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - August 9, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Schizophrenia in the genetic era: a review from development history, clinical features and genomic research approaches to  insights of susceptibility genes
AbstractSchizophrenia is a devastating neuropsychiatric disorder affecting 1% of the world population and ranks as one of the disorders providing the most severe burden for society. Schizophrenia etiology remains obscure involving multi-risk factors, such as genetic, environmental, nutritional, and developmental factors. Complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia. This review provides an overview of the historical origins, pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnosis, clinical symptoms and corresponding treatment of schizophrenia. In addition, as schizophreni...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - August 5, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Novel sights on therapeutic, prognostic, and diagnostics aspects of non-coding RNAs in glioblastoma multiforme
AbstractGlioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the primary brain tumor and accounts for 200,000 deaths each year worldwide. The standard therapy includes surgical resection followed by temozolomide (TMZ)-based chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The survival period of GBM patients is only 12 –15 months. Therefore, novel treatment modalities for GBM treatment are urgently needed. Mounting evidence reveals that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) were involved in regulating gene expression, the pathophysiology of GBM, and enhancing therapeutic outcomes. The combinatory use of ncRNAs, chemotherape utic drugs, and tumor suppressor gene expressio...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - July 21, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Valproate-induced murine autism spectrum disorder is associated with dysfunction of amygdala parvalbumin interneurons and downregulation of AMPK/SIRT1/PGC1 α signaling
AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that is characterized by difficulty in social behavior and restricted behaviors. Also, in ASD, several accompanying disorders such as anxiety are observed. Considering the important role of amygdala in the pathophysiology of ASD, the present study focused on the neuronal changes and it possible signaling pathway in amygdala. After prenatal exposure to valproate (VPA; 600  mg/kg,i.p, on embryonic day 12.5), amount of ROS, MMP, caspase-3 activity, AMPK, SIRT1 and PGC1 α proteins, and parvalbumin interneurons in the amygdala were assessed following eva...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - July 21, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
