Self-referential information optimizes conflict adaptation
This study highlights the role of self-referential information in cognitive control adjustments.PMID:38261248 | DOI:10.3758/s13421-023-01490-8 (Source: Memory and Cognition)
Source: Memory and Cognition - January 23, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zhifang Li Yongqiang Chen Shouhang Yin Antao Chen Source Type: research
How do forewarnings and post-warnings affect misinformation reliance? The impact of warnings on the continued influence effect and belief regression
Mem Cognit. 2024 Jan 23. doi: 10.3758/s13421-024-01520-z. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPeople often continue to rely on certain information in their reasoning, even if this information has been retracted; this is called the continued influence effect (CIE) of misinformation. One technique for reducing this effect involves explicitly warning people that there is a possibility that they might have been misled. The present study aimed to investigate these warnings' effectiveness, depending on when they were given (either before or after misinformation). In two experiments (N = 337), we found that while a forewarning did redu...
Source: Memory and Cognition - January 23, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Klara Austeja Buczel Adam Siwiak Malwina Szpitalak Romuald Polczyk Source Type: research
Short- and long-term influences of repeated speech examples on segmentation in an unfamiliar language analog
Mem Cognit. 2024 Jan 19. doi: 10.3758/s13421-024-01517-8. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBecause segments in fluent speech (e.g., words and phrases) are not reliably separated by pauses, a key task when listening to an unfamiliar language is to parse the incoming speech into segments to be learned. We aim to understand how working memory contributes to that segmentation learning. One cue to segmentation occurs when a segment is repeated in varying contexts. Cowan (Acta Psychologica, 77(2), 121-135, 1991) explored a language analog to study how segmentation occurs during immediate memory of speech, and found effects of segme...
Source: Memory and Cognition - January 19, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Neyla Sfeir Dominic Guitard Nelson Cowan Source Type: research
Effects of task type on spontaneous alternations of attentional states
Mem Cognit. 2024 Jan 18. doi: 10.3758/s13421-023-01513-4. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMind wandering is a common occurrence that can have serious consequences, but estimating when mind wandering occurs is a challenging research question. Previous research has shown that during meditation, people may spontaneously alternate between task-oriented and mind-wandering states without awareness (Zukosky & Wang, 2021, Cognition, 212, Article 104689). However, under what conditions such alternations occur is not clear. The present study examined the effects of task type on spontaneous alternations between task focus and mind ...
Source: Memory and Cognition - January 18, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Mark Weber Emily Cunningham Diane M Beck Sepideh Sadaghiani Ranxiao Frances Wang Source Type: research
Recall initiation instructions influence how space and time interact in memory
Mem Cognit. 2024 Jan 16. doi: 10.3758/s13421-023-01506-3. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTRecent work has examined the interaction between space and time in memory search, but there is still limited understanding of this relationship. Here, we test the hypothesis that individuals can exert control over how time and space interact in response to subtle differences in task instructions. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed two experiments where participants completed two immediate free recall tasks, a verbal task involving words presented at a central location and a spatial task involving squares presented at different locatio...
Source: Memory and Cognition - January 16, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: M Karl Healey Bradley S Gibson Mitchell G Uitvlugt Dawn M Gondoli Source Type: research
High-variability training does not enhance generalization in the prototype-distortion paradigm
Mem Cognit. 2024 Jan 16. doi: 10.3758/s13421-023-01516-1. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTClassic studies of human categorization learning provided evidence that high-variability training in the prototype-distortion paradigm enhances subsequent generalization to novel test patterns from the learned categories. More recent work suggests, however, that when the number of training trials is equated across low-variability and high-variability training conditions, it is low-variability training that yields better generalization performance. Whereas the recent studies used cartoon-animal stimuli varying along binary-valued dimensi...
Source: Memory and Cognition - January 16, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Mingjia Hu Robert M Nosofsky Source Type: research
Divergent thinking modulates interactions between episodic memory and schema knowledge: Controlled and spontaneous episodic retrieval processes
Mem Cognit. 2024 Jan 16. doi: 10.3758/s13421-023-01493-5. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe ability to generate novel ideas, known as divergent thinking, depends on both semantic knowledge and episodic memory. Semantic knowledge and episodic memory are known to interact to support memory decisions, but how they may interact to support divergent thinking is unknown. Moreover, it is debated whether divergent thinking relies on spontaneous or controlled retrieval processes. We addressed these questions by examining whether divergent thinking ability relates to interactions between semantic knowledge and different episodic mem...
Source: Memory and Cognition - January 16, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Michelle M Ramey Darya L Zabelina Source Type: research
Place-value and physical size converge in automatic processing of multi-digit numbers
Mem Cognit. 2024 Jan 10. doi: 10.3758/s13421-023-01515-2. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPrevious research has shown that multi-digit number processing is modulated by both place-value and physical size of the digits. By pitting place-value against physical size, the present study examined whether one of the attributes had a greater impact on the automatic processing of multi-digit numbers. In three experiments, participants were presented with two-digit number pairs that appeared in frames. They were instructed to select the larger frame while ignoring the numbers within the frames. Importantly, we manipulated the physical...
Source: Memory and Cognition - January 10, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ami Feder Sivan Cohen-Gutman Mariya Lozin Michal Pinhas Source Type: research
The impact of problem domain on Bayesian inferences: A systematic investigation
Mem Cognit. 2024 Jan 10. doi: 10.3758/s13421-023-01497-1. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSparse (and occasionally contradictory) evidence exists regarding the impact of domain on probabilistic updating, some of which suggests that Bayesian word problems with medical content may be especially challenging. The present research aims to address this gap in knowledge through three pre-registered online studies, which involved a total of 2,238 participants. Bayesian word problems were related to one of three domains: medical, daily-life, and abstract. In the first two cases, problems presented realistic content and plausible nume...
Source: Memory and Cognition - January 10, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Stefania Pighin Flavia Filimon Katya Tentori Source Type: research
Predicting the likelihood and amount of fading, fixed, flourishing, and flexible positive and negative affect of autobiographical memories
Mem Cognit. 2024 Jan 8. doi: 10.3758/s13421-023-01507-2. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe emotions attributed to an event can change from occurrence to recall. Autobiographical memories (AMs) exhibit fixed affect (i.e., no change in emotionality), fading affect (i.e., a decrease in emotional intensity), flourishing affect (i.e., an increase in emotional intensity), and flexible affect (i.e., change of valence). Mixed-effects multinomial models were used to predict the likelihood of the different affect change categories. Mixed-effects regression models were used to predict the amount of emotional change within each catego...
Source: Memory and Cognition - January 9, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sophie Hoehne Daniel Zimprich Source Type: research
Experiential traces first: Does holding a location in visuospatial working memory affect the processing of space-associated words?
This study aimed to systematically examine whether actively maintaining a visual location in working memory can influence the processing of spatially related words. In five experiments, we asked participants to maintain either the location or the shape of a visually presented stimulus in working memory so that it could later be compared with a test stimulus concerning the relevant target features. In between, we presented participants with words that refer to objects typically encountered in the upper or lower vertical space (roof vs. root, respectively). The task participants performed as a response to these words differe...
Source: Memory and Cognition - January 9, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Oksana Tsaregorodtseva Barbara Kaup Source Type: research
Predicting the likelihood and amount of fading, fixed, flourishing, and flexible positive and negative affect of autobiographical memories
Mem Cognit. 2024 Jan 8. doi: 10.3758/s13421-023-01507-2. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe emotions attributed to an event can change from occurrence to recall. Autobiographical memories (AMs) exhibit fixed affect (i.e., no change in emotionality), fading affect (i.e., a decrease in emotional intensity), flourishing affect (i.e., an increase in emotional intensity), and flexible affect (i.e., change of valence). Mixed-effects multinomial models were used to predict the likelihood of the different affect change categories. Mixed-effects regression models were used to predict the amount of emotional change within each catego...
Source: Memory and Cognition - January 9, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sophie Hoehne Daniel Zimprich Source Type: research
Experiential traces first: Does holding a location in visuospatial working memory affect the processing of space-associated words?
This study aimed to systematically examine whether actively maintaining a visual location in working memory can influence the processing of spatially related words. In five experiments, we asked participants to maintain either the location or the shape of a visually presented stimulus in working memory so that it could later be compared with a test stimulus concerning the relevant target features. In between, we presented participants with words that refer to objects typically encountered in the upper or lower vertical space (roof vs. root, respectively). The task participants performed as a response to these words differe...
Source: Memory and Cognition - January 9, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Oksana Tsaregorodtseva Barbara Kaup Source Type: research
Predicting the likelihood and amount of fading, fixed, flourishing, and flexible positive and negative affect of autobiographical memories
Mem Cognit. 2024 Jan 8. doi: 10.3758/s13421-023-01507-2. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe emotions attributed to an event can change from occurrence to recall. Autobiographical memories (AMs) exhibit fixed affect (i.e., no change in emotionality), fading affect (i.e., a decrease in emotional intensity), flourishing affect (i.e., an increase in emotional intensity), and flexible affect (i.e., change of valence). Mixed-effects multinomial models were used to predict the likelihood of the different affect change categories. Mixed-effects regression models were used to predict the amount of emotional change within each catego...
Source: Memory and Cognition - January 9, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Sophie Hoehne Daniel Zimprich Source Type: research
Drawing improves memory in patients with hippocampal damage
We examined whether, and to what extent, patients with hippocampal damage could benefit from the mnemonic strategy of drawing. Three patients with focal hippocampal damage, and one patient with both hippocampal and cortical lesions, in addition to 22 age-, sex-, and education-matched controls, were shown a list of words one at a time during encoding and instructed to either draw a picture or repeatedly write each word for 40 s. Following a brief filled delay, free recall and recognition memory for words from both encoding trial types were assessed. Controls showed enhanced recall and recognition memory for words drawn vers...
Source: Memory and Cognition - January 5, 2024 Category: Neuroscience Authors: A Levi A Pugsley M A Fernandes G R Turner A Gilboa Source Type: research
