Women's Health
MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (Source: Medical Clinics of North America)
Source: Medical Clinics of North America - February 8, 2023 Category: Primary Care Authors: Melissa McNeil Source Type: research
Copyright
ELSEVIER (Source: Medical Clinics of North America)
Source: Medical Clinics of North America - February 8, 2023 Category: Primary Care Source Type: research
Forthcoming Issues
Hepatology: An Update (Source: Medical Clinics of North America)
Source: Medical Clinics of North America - February 8, 2023 Category: Primary Care Source Type: research
Contributors
JACK ENDE, MD, MACP (Source: Medical Clinics of North America)
Source: Medical Clinics of North America - February 8, 2023 Category: Primary Care Source Type: research
Contents
Jack Ende (Source: Medical Clinics of North America)
Source: Medical Clinics of North America - February 8, 2023 Category: Primary Care Source Type: research
CME Accreditation Page
(Source: Medical Clinics of North America)
Source: Medical Clinics of North America - February 8, 2023 Category: Primary Care Source Type: research
Osteoporosis
is the most common bone disease in adults and confers significant morbidity and mortality in women. Universal screening is recommended for women above the age of 65 years; however, screening rates remain low. Bisphosphonates are the treatment of choice despite a decline in their use due to concerns about rare side effects. Treatment of osteoporosis dramatically decreases the likelihood of fragility fractures. (Source: Medical Clinics of North America)
Source: Medical Clinics of North America - January 5, 2023 Category: Primary Care Authors: Vidya Gopinath Source Type: research
Ovarian, Uterine, and Vulvovaginal Cancers
Ovarian, uterine, and vulvovaginal cancers affect approximately 96,000 women per year in the United States, resulting in approximately 29,000 deaths annually. Routine screening protocols do not detect these malignancies; thus, the recognition of risk factors and evaluation of worrisome symptoms are essential for early detection and improved prognoses. Treatment is managed by gynecologic oncologists, and often involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and possible radiation treatments. Survivor care is managed by the primary-care clinician: expert attention to the mental, physical, and sexual health of each patient w...
Source: Medical Clinics of North America - January 2, 2023 Category: Primary Care Authors: Deborah Gomez Kwolek, Stefanie Gerstberger, Sarah Tait, Jeanna M. Qiu Source Type: research
Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion —and Women’s Health
Like all professions, medicine is defined by its values. The values of medicine include many that are time-honored and central to our profession for as long as medicine has been accorded the status of being more than a trade or enterprise, but a profession. These values include altruism, or putting the interests of patients first; practicing within evidence-based guidelines and to the best of one ’s abilities; doing no harm, of course; being honest and truthful and avoiding conflicts of interests; treating colleagues with respect; trying always to improve the quality of care, and one’s knowledge and skills; and just di...
Source: Medical Clinics of North America - January 2, 2023 Category: Primary Care Authors: Jack Ende Tags: Foreword Source Type: research
Menopause
, which is defined as the point in time 12 months after a woman’s final menstrual period, is marked by a decrease in estrogen and accompanying symptoms including vasomotor and genitourinary symptoms. Hormone therapy is the most effective treatment of vasomotor symptoms and is first-line in women with moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms who are early in the menopausal transition and do not have a contraindication. Nonhormonal pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments are also available for the treatment of menopause-related symptoms for women who prefer to avoid hormones or who have a contraindication to hormone t...
Source: Medical Clinics of North America - December 27, 2022 Category: Primary Care Authors: Andrea E. Carter, Sarah Merriam Source Type: research
Contraception
This article outlines the basics of all contraceptive options available in the United States, providing providers necessary information to best provide equitable contraceptive care for women. Long-acting reversible contraception should be considered in all women as there are few contraindications to use. Levonorgestrel intrauterine devices have been found to be safe for use for longer periods of time, in some cases up to eight years. Combination hormone contraceptives remain popular and offer benefits beyond contraception; importantly newer formulations exist providing patients with more contraceptive options. Education re...
Source: Medical Clinics of North America - December 27, 2022 Category: Primary Care Authors: Rachel A. Bonnema Source Type: research
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex, familial, polygenetic metabolic condition. The Rotterdam criteria are commonly used to diagnose PCOS. Lifestyle changes are the first-line treatment of PCOS. Treatment options for menstrual irregularities and hirsutism are based on the clinical goals and preferences of the patient. Along with treating the symptoms of PCOS, it is essential to screen and treat the comorbid conditions commonly associated with PCOS, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, obstructive sleep apnea, anxiety, depression, infertility, and vitamin...
Source: Medical Clinics of North America - December 26, 2022 Category: Primary Care Authors: Sneha Shrivastava, Rosemarie L. Conigliaro Source Type: research
Cervical Cancer Screening
This article aims to summarize the current understanding of cervical cancer pathogenesis, options for cervical cancer screening, and the shift in guidelines toward risk-based clinical management. (Source: Medical Clinics of North America)
Source: Medical Clinics of North America - December 26, 2022 Category: Primary Care Authors: Katherine Gavinski, Deborah DiNardo Source Type: research
Infectious Vaginitis, Cervicitis, and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Vaginal symptoms are one of the most common reasons women consult with physicians and can significantly impact quality of life. The differential diagnosis of vaginal discharge includes physiologic discharge, vaginitis, cervicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Vaginitis is inflammation of the vagina, most commonly caused by bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis infections. Cervicitis is an inflammation of the cervix and typically caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PID is infection of the female upper genital tract, involving the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovar...
Source: Medical Clinics of North America - December 26, 2022 Category: Primary Care Authors: Swati Shroff Source Type: research
Structural Gynecological Disease
Fibroids, endometriosis, and ovarian cysts are common conditions. Fibroids can be asymptomatic or present with heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pressure, and pain. Endometriosis is a common cause of cyclical pelvic pain. Ovarian cysts are generally diagnosed incidentally. Transvaginal ultrasound is the performed imaging modality for all structural gynecological disease. Symptomatic management is recommended for each condition. Fibroids can be managed medically or surgically depending on the patient ’s symptoms and desire for future fertility. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the first-line therapy for endometrios...
Source: Medical Clinics of North America - December 26, 2022 Category: Primary Care Authors: Amy H. Farkas, Hannah Abumusa, Brianna Rossiter Source Type: research
