Sociodemographic circumstances, health, and life experience shape posttraumatic distress trajectories among individuals exposed to smoke during a large ‐scale coal mine fire
This study investigated risk and protective factors associated with four trajectories of posttraumatic distress (resilient, recovery, delayed-onset, chronic) among exposed adults. Participants (N = 709) completed surveys in 2016 –2017 and 2019–2020 assessing mine fire–related particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure; sociodemographic, physical, and mental health variables; and exposure to other traumatic and recent stressful events. Mine fire –related posttraumatic distress was measured using the IES-R; trajectories were determined according to established clinical significance thresholds. Relative risk ratios (RRRs) we...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - April 3, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Catherine L. Smith,
Timothy C. H. Campbell,
Caroline X. Gao,
Tyler J. Lane,
Darryl Maybery,
Emily Berger,
David Brown,
Jillian F. Ikin,
Alexander McFarlane,
Michael J. Abramson,
Matthew Carroll Tags: BRIEF REPORT Source Type: research
Implementing a trauma ‐informed system of care: An analysis of learning collaborative outcomes
AbstractTrauma exposure can negatively impact health. Trauma-informed care implementation within health care systems may improve the identification and treatment of trauma-related illness on a population health level. The current study investigated outcomes of a multiagency implementation of trauma-informed care for Medicaid-enrolled adults and children in 23 rural Pennsylvania (United States) counties. Changes in trauma symptom screening, the number of staff trained in trauma-informed care, and clinician confidence in using trauma-informed care were assessed in participating treatment agencies (N = 22) over the course of ...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - March 31, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Lyndra J. Bills,
Shari L. Hutchison,
Mira D. H. Snider,
Brittany E. Skrzypek,
Christopher L. Minnich,
Joseph M. Korney,
RaeAnn M. Taylor,
Amy D. Herschell Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Recovery and adjustment trajectories among Hurricane Florence survivors: Analysis utilizing nonlinear dynamic system modeling
AbstractSelf-regulation shift theory (SRST) argues that most individuals are able to successfully recover from trauma via engagement in self-regulation processes as well as the effective utilization of internal and environmental resources. However, a minority of individuals may instead experience a self-determination violation as a result of their self-regulatory capacity being overwhelmed. This self-determination violation is marked by chaotic and shifting adjustment, maladaptive regulation attempts, and, ultimately, a shift to an impaired self-state and the development of persistent psychopathology, such as posttraumatic...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - March 30, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Heather Littleton,
Bernard Ricca,
Ashley Batts Allen,
Charles Benight Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Feeling pressured to talk about trauma: How pressure to disclose alters the association between trauma disclosure and posttraumatic growth
AbstractTalking with others about traumatic experiences (i.e., trauma disclosure) has been associated with increased posttraumatic growth (PTG). Although this association indicates the value of disclosing, there is evidence that external pressure to disclose can hinder the benefits of trauma disclosure. The aim of the current study was to examine the influence of pressure to disclose on the association between trauma disclosure and PTG. People who had experienced a traumatic event and disclosed their trauma to a close other were recruited using Amazon's Mechanical Turk (N = 208). Participants completed measures of trauma e...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - March 30, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Claire T. Kimbley,
Daniel W. Cox,
Jeffrey H. Kahn,
Keith D. Renshaw Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Identity ‐based bullying and mental health among Black and Latino youth: The moderating role of emotional suppression
AbstractThe current study examined the prevalence of identity-based bullying, the unique links between identity-based bullying and mental health (i.e., depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms [PTSS]), and emotional suppression as a potential moderator of these links. Participants were 899 clinic-referred Black and Latino youth aged 7 –18 years (M = 13.37 years,SD = 2.75, 60.8% female). Regression analyses indicated youth who experienced identity-based bullying victimization reported worse depressive symptoms and PTSS, controlling for co-occurring trauma exposure and demographic characteristics. We did not find evide...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - March 29, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Lauren Alvis,
Robyn D. Douglas,
Benjamin Oosterhoff,
Noni K. Gaylord ‐Harden,
Julie B. Kaplow Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
A daily diary study of the romantic partner relationship dynamics associated with anger and other posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms
AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is linked to negative relationship outcomes, but the relational processes that link specific PTSD symptoms to these outcomes over granular periods are not well understood. The current study used a daily diary methodology to investigate the associations between specific PTSD symptoms (i.e., anger, avoidance, reexperiencing, hyperarousal, and numbing) and proximal indices of relationship functioning (i.e., accommodation behaviors, disclosure, intimacy). Participants were members of 64 couples, each comprising a male service member (SM) and female romantic partner (RP), who complet...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - March 29, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Courtland S. Hyatt,
Max A. Halvorson,
Sarah B. Campbell Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Leveraging observational data to identify in ‐session patient and therapist predictors of cognitive processing therapy response and completion
AbstractCognitive processing therapy (CPT) is an evidence-based treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but little is known about in-session process variables that predict symptom reduction and treatment completion during CPT. Examining potentially malleable factors that may promote or impede recovery can inform care delivery and enhance outcomes. The current study used observational ratings of CPT session recordings to examine in-session patient and therapist factors in cognitive, affective, and interpersonal domains to identify their relative contributions to predicting symptom outcomes and treatment completi...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - March 29, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Elizabeth Alpert,
Joseph K. Carpenter,
Brian N. Smith,
Mercedes G. Woolley,
Chelsea Raterman,
Courtney C. Farmer,
Shannon M. Kehle ‐Forbes,
Tara E. Galovski Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Positive emotion in posttraumatic stress disorder: A global or context ‐specific problem?
This study helps clarify positive emotional functioning in trauma-exposed adults and highlights future directions to better understand problems with positive emotion in PTSD. (Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress)
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - March 29, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Cameron P. Pugach,
Casey L. May,
Blair E. Wisco Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Associations between posttraumatic stress and stroke: A systematic review and meta ‐analysis
The objective of the present study was to systematically review the existing literature for studies examining the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and stroke risk and perform a meta-analysis to obtain a pooled risk estimate describing the association. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, PSYCInfo, and CINAHL to identify relevant studies. Cohort and cross-sectional studies that reported PTSD exposure (i.e., PTSD diagnosis, probable PTSD, or the presence of PTSD symptoms) at baseline and the risk or odds of stroke associated with PTSD exposure during the study period were included in t...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - March 29, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hely D. Nanavati,
Andrea Arevalo,
Adeel A. Memon,
Chen Lin Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research
Altered bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and amygdala responses to threat in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder
AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) significantly impacts many veterans. Although PTSD has been linked to alterations in the fear brain network, the disorder likely involves alterations in both the fear and anxiety networks. Fear involves responses to imminent, predictable threat and is driven by the amygdala, whereas anxiety involves responses to potential, unpredictable threat and engages the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). The BNST has been implicated in PTSD, but the role of the BNST in combat veterans with PTSD has yet to be examined. Identifying alterations in BNST responses to unpredictable thre...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - March 21, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Brandee Feola,
Elizabeth A. Flook,
Hannah Gardner,
K. Luan Phan,
Harry Gwirtsman,
Bunmi Olatunji,
Jennifer Urbano Blackford Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Understanding the role of COVID ‐19–related workplace stress and institutional betrayal on mental health in nurses: Some heroes wear scrubs
This study examined the association of three specific COVID-19 –related workplace stressors (percentage of nursing work with COVID-positive [COVID+] patients, number of COVID-19–related patient deaths witnessed, and living separately from family for safety) and their associations with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and symptoms of major depressive dis order (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) among 391 nurses (93.6% White, 93.4% utilize she/her pronouns). Cross-sectional data were collected via an online survey. Institutional betrayal (i.e., the perception that an institution failed to protect a member w...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - March 15, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: J. Gayle Beck,
Rimsha Majeed,
Timothy A. Brown,
Bre'Anna L. Free,
Mya E. Bowen,
Audrey B. Garrett,
Todd J. Farchione,
Bonnie S. Brown Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Social interactions in trauma disclosure: A multi ‐informant and multiconstruct investigation
AbstractResearch has established that social factors are integral to trauma recovery. Yet, there is relatively little data on the association between social interactions from different supports and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Moreover, few studies have measured these factors from multiple informants. This paper examined social interactions from different sources (i.e., negative and positive reactions from a chosen close other [CO], family/friends, and general non-COs) and their association with PTSD symptoms using multi-informant reports of the social constructs (i.e., from the individual exposed to trau...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - March 10, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Naomi Ennis,
Anne C. Wagner,
Tae L. Hart,
Candice M. Monson Tags: BRIEF REPORT Source Type: research
Asylee perspectives on psychotherapies for posttraumatic stress
AbstractAsylees (i.e., asylum seekers) have a higher prevalence of mental health concerns, particularly posttraumatic distress, than the general population due to both their exposure to traumatic experiences and prolonged uncertain status in a new country. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials with asylees have found that culturally adapted cognitive behavioral therapy (CA-CBT), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and narrative exposure therapy (NET) are efficacious in treating trauma-related symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, treatment utilization remains low. Thus, it is...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - March 8, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Galen P. Cassidy,
Jennifer McQuaid,
Laurie Heatherington,
Chi Jiun Su Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Associations among psychosis, mood, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptoms: A network analysis
This study aimed to use network analysis to examine the associations among psychotic experiences; negative symptoms of psychosis; and symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, and depression. In this population-based cohort study, 4,472 participants (36.7% male) were assessed for psychotic experiences, negative symptoms of psychosis, PTSD, anxiety, and depression at age 23 (M = 23.86 years,SD = 0.520) or 24 years (M = 24.03,SD = 0.848). Associations among symptoms were assessed via network analysis. Exploratory graph analysis identified three clusters of densely connected symptoms within the overall network: psychotic experiences; PTSD s...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - March 3, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Laurence Astill Wright,
Eoin McElroy,
Kali Barawi,
Neil P Roberts,
Natalie Simon,
Stanley Zammit,
Jonathan I Bisson Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Introduction to the special section on social relationships and posttraumatic stress disorder treatment: Harnessing the power of significant relationships
This article introduces the special section in theJournal of Traumatic Stress focused on social relationships and their connection to treatment among individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Interpersonal relationships have the potential to influence treatment-seeking, retention, and outcomes. For individuals with PTSD, social relationships have long been understood to be intimately and bidirectionally tied to symptom levels. In light of somewhat modest rates of treatment response to current first-line interventions for PTSD, there is growing interest in engaging these relationships, as well as relationship-r...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - March 1, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Johanna Thompson ‐Hollands Tags: EDITORIAL Source Type: research
