Motives for substance use and 6 ‐month substance use outcomes among detoxification patients with a history of physical or sexual abuse or posttraumatic stress disorder
AbstractTrauma-exposed individuals with a history of physical or sexual abuse or documented posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis may use substances to address trauma-related symptoms. However, the motives for using substances among adults with a trauma history or PTSD are unclear despite their informative role in treatment planning. Additionally, trauma is associated with poorer substance use outcomes, although this has not been examined among detoxification patients. The current study examined motives for substance use at baseline and substance use outcomes during 6 months postbaseline among 298 veteran detoxifi...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - March 8, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Jessilyn Froelich,
Christine Timko,
Erin L. Woodhead Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
The nosographic structure of posttraumatic stress symptoms across trauma types: An exploratory network analysis approach
AbstractThe nosographic structure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains unclear, and attempts to determine its symptomatic organization have been unsatisfactory. Several explanations have been suggested, and the impact of trauma type is receiving increasing attention. As little is known about the differential impact trauma type in the nosographic structure of PTSD, we explored the nosology of PTSD and the effect of trauma type on its symptomatic organization. We reanalyzed five cross-sectional psychopathological networks involving different trauma types, encompassing a broad range of traumatic events in veterans,...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - March 5, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Filipa Ferreira,
Deisy Gysi,
Daniel Castro,
Tiago Bento Ferreira Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
The role of pain and socioenvironmental factors on posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in traumatically injured adults: A 1 ‐year prospective study
AbstractApproximately 20% of individuals who experience a traumatic injury will subsequently develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Physical pain following traumatic injury has received increasing attention as both a distinct, functionally debilitating disorder and a comorbid symptom related to PTSD. Studies have demonstrated that both clinician-assessed injury severity and patient pain ratings can be important predictors of nonremitting PTSD; however, few have examined pain and PTSD alongside socioenvironmental factors. We postulated that both area- and individual-level socioeconomic circumstances and lifetime trau...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - March 3, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: E. Kate Webb,
Richard T. Ward,
Abel S. Mathew,
Matthew Price,
Carissa N. Weis,
Colleen M. Trevino,
Terri A. deRoon ‐Cassini,
Christine L. Larson Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Sexual and physical revictimization in U.S. military veterans
AbstractThe present study examined revictimization, defined as sexual or physical assault in adulthood that followed a history of childhood maltreatment. We aimed to identify factors associated with revictimization over time in a group of U.S. military veterans deployed following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks (9/11). As revictimization is associated with multiple negative mental health outcomes in the literature, identifying risk and protective factors can aid in the prevention of revictimization and associated poor health outcomes among veterans. In this sample, the proportion of adult revictimization was 2.7%...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - March 2, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Arielle A. J. Scoglio,
Beth E. Molnar,
Alisa K. Lincoln,
John Griffith,
Crystal Park,
Shane W. Kraus Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Dropout from evidence ‐based trauma treatment in a community mental health clinic serving victims of interpersonal violence
AbstractTrauma-focused psychotherapies are increasingly offered in community-based mental health centers, but little is known about treatment dropout in these settings. The current study explored dropout at different stages of treatment in a treatment-seeking sample of 1,186 adults who experienced interpersonal violence and were offered trauma-focused and non –trauma-focused therapies. A total of 31.6% of participants dropped out before treatment initiation, 28.0% dropped out after treatment initiation and completed a mean of 4.02 (SD = 2.41) sessions, and 40.4% completed a full course of PTSD treatment. Being unemployed...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - March 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Bita Ghafoori,
Marlene Matos,
Mariana Gon çalves Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Virtual reality interventions for victims of crime: A systematic review
AbstractIn the forensic field, most studies employing virtual reality (VR) interventions have focused on offenders. The validity and safety of VR applications for victims of crime are still unclear. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review on VR interventions for crime victims was performed to assess the efficacy, acceptability by patients, and cost-effectiveness of these interventions compared to in-person care. We identified 34 potentially eligible studies from 188 records obtained from database searches (Medline/Pubmed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus); four additional articles were identified via a...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - March 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Giovanna Parmigiani,
Leda Tortora,
Gerben Meynen,
Gabriele Mandarelli,
Stefano Ferracuti Tags: SPECIAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
“You're going to look at me differently”: A qualitative study of disclosure experiences among survivors of military sexual assault
AbstractMost survivors of sexual assault who disclose their experience do so within their social network. Prior research on disclosure among individuals who experience sexual trauma has mainly focused on childhood sexual abuse, college-aged women, or disclosure to formal sources of support (e.g., treatment providers). There is limited research on disclosure among veteran survivors of military sexual assault (MSA). The current qualitative study aimed to explore the disclosure experiences of treatment-seeking survivors of MSA. Participants were 17 veterans (n = 13 women,n = 4 men), aged 33 –65 years, who reported experienc...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - February 26, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Anne K. Rufa,
Kathryn K. Carroll,
Ashton Lofgreen,
Brian Klassen,
Philip Held,
Alyson K. Zalta Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Gender differences in disorders comorbid with posttraumatic stress disorder among U.S. Sailors and Marines
This study examined gender differences in prevalence estimates for conditions comorbid with PTSD using medical records for 523,626 active duty U.S. Sailors and Marines who entered the military over an 8-year period. Using chi-square tests of independence, we detected statistically significant gender differences for specific comorbid conditions in the subsample of 9,447 service members with a PTSD diagnosis. Women were more likely than men to have PTSD with comorbid adjustment,OR = 1.35; depressive,OR = 1.71; and generalized anxiety or other anxiety disorders,OR = 1.16, with the largest effects for eating,OR = 12.60, and pe...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - February 26, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Kristen H. Walter,
Jordan A. Levine,
Naju J. Madra,
Jessica L. Beltran,
Lisa H. Glassman,
Cynthia J. Thomsen Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Refugee ‐related trauma patterns and mental health symptoms across three generations of Hmong Americans
We examined patterns of trauma exposure and mental health symptoms (i.e., somatization, depression, anxiety, and probable posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) in three generations of Hmong adults (N = 219). Trauma exposure and probable PTSD were measured using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire –Hmong Version. Somatization, depression, and anxiety symptoms were measured using the Brief Symptom Inventory. Latent class analysis (LCA) and auxiliary analysis of sociodemographic characteristics and mental health symptoms were performed. The best-fitting LCA model described three distinct clas ses:complex and pervasive trauma (...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - February 24, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Maichou Lor,
Zhiyuan Yu,
Wenyi Chen,
Yee Xiong,
James A. Yonker,
Roger Brown,
Dean D. Krahn Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Evidence ‐based posttraumatic stress disorder treatment in a community sample: Military‐affiliated versus civilian patient outcomes
AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant mental health issue among military service members and veterans. Although the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) provides crucial resources for behavioral health care, many veterans seek mental health services through community clinics. Previous research illustrates that military and veteran patients benefit less from evidence-based treatments (EBTs) for PTSD than civilians. However, most PTSD treatment outcome research on military and veteran populations is conducted in VA or military settings. Little is known about outcomes among military-affiliated pati...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - February 24, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Vanessa M. Jacoby,
Casey L. Straud,
Jenna M. Bagley,
Hannah Tyler,
Shelby N. Baker,
Anna Denejkina,
Lauren M. Sippel,
Robert Kaya,
David C. Rozek,
Brooke A. Fina,
Katherine A. Dondanville,
for the STRONG STAR Training Initiative Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
A neglected aspect of refugee relief works: Secondary and vicarious traumatic stress
AbstractThe literature demonstrates evidence that secondary traumatic stress (STS) and vicarious traumatic stress (VTS) may adversely affect the well-being of refugee relief workers and, thus, the quality of their services. The present review offers an exploration of (a) the theoretical background of STS and VTS, (b) their appearance among refugee relief workers, (c) intervention studies available, (d) common points among intervention studies and guidelines on STS and VTS released by local and international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and (e) the potential problems that can be associated with the insufficiency of...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - February 24, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: G ökhan Ebren,
Melis Demircioğlu,
Okan Cem Okan Cem Çırakoğlu Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Associations between changes in somatic and psychiatric symptoms and disability alterations in recent ‐era U.S. veterans
AbstractCross-sectional work suggests that deployment-related posttraumatic sequelae are associated with increased disability in U.S. veterans deployed following the September 11, 2001 (9/11), terrorist attacks. However, few studies have examined the psychiatric and somatic variables associated with changes in functional disability over time. A total of 237 post-9/11 veterans completed comprehensive assessments of psychiatric and cognitive functioning, as well as a disability questionnaire, at baseline and 2-year follow-up. At baseline, higher levels of PTSD, depressive, and pain-related symptoms were associated with basel...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - February 21, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: John P. K. Bernstein,
Anna Stumps,
Francesca Fortenbaugh,
Jennifer R. Fonda,
Regina E. McGlinchey,
William P. Milberg,
Catherine B. Fortier,
Michael Esterman,
Melissa Amick,
Joseph DeGutis Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Examining well ‐being in posttraumatic stress disorder treatment: An explorative study
AbstractAlthough the importance of well-being in mental health is widely acknowledged, well-being as a predictor of and outcome in the treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has received little attention. This naturalistic study aimed to investigate well-being in the context of care-as-usual treatment for PTSD. Patients with PTSD attending a community mental health center (N = 318) completed measures of well-being and PTSD symptoms before and after symptom-focused treatment. Following treatment, well-being increased among patients with PTSD, with emotional,d =−0.25, and psychological well-being,d = -0.24, sho...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - February 20, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Mirjam Radstaak,
Laura H üning,
Sanne Lamers,
Ernst T. Bohlmeijer Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Centrality of Event Scale across multiple trauma ‐exposed Taiwanese samples
AbstractThe widely used Centrality of Event Scale (CES) measures the extent that a traumatic event serves as a central component of self-identity, a reference point, and a turning point in an individual's life story. The present study aimed to develop a Chinese version of the CES and assess its reliability, criterion validity, and factor structure. Data were collected from three samples of trauma-exposed Taiwanese individuals (N = 939), including 420 earthquake survivors, 300 trauma-exposed community adults, and 219 trauma-exposed undergraduate students. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - February 19, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Yi ‐Wen Kung,
Yi‐Jen Su,
Sue‐Huei Chen Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Posttraumatic growth during the COVID ‐19 lockdown: A large‐scale population‐based study among Norwegian adolescents
AbstractThe negative consequences of the COVID-19 lockdown during the spring of 2020 have been documented. However, adolescents may also have experienced positive personal and interrelational changes. This was the first study to examine the prevalence of posttraumatic growth (PTG) during the lockdown. We additionally explored how potential risk and protective factors, as well as experiences with the pandemic, were related to PTG and whether these associations were moderated by mental health resources and social support. We used data from a representative survey of 12,686 junior and senior high school students from Oslo, No...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - February 19, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Vidar Sandsaunet Ulset,
Tilmann Soest Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
