Posttraumatic stress disorder –related anhedonia as a predictor of psychosocial functional impairment among United States veterans
This study used data from Waves 2 and 4 (n = 1,649) of the Veterans ’ After-Discharge Longitudinal Registry (Project VALOR), a longitudinal dataset of U.S. Army and Marine veterans. As measured using the Inventory of Psychosocial Functioning, Wave 4 psychosocial functioning was regressed on seven PTSD symptom factors at Wave 2 (i.e., intrusions, avoidance, negativ e affect, anhedonia, externalizing behaviors, anxious arousal, and dysphoric arousal) and potential Wave 2 confounds. The Anhedonia factor, β = .123, most strongly predicted later psychosocial functional impairment beyond the impact of other PTSD symptom facto...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - April 11, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Casey L. May,
Blair E. Wisco,
Victor A. Fox,
Brian P. Marx,
Terence M. Keane Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Prevalence and correlates of self ‐reported cognitive difficulties in deployment‐injured U.S. military personnel
AbstractCognitive difficulties typically resolve within days to weeks following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI); however, a sizable proportion of individuals continue to report cognitive symptoms months to years later that are often associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression to a greater degree than a history of mTBI. The current study sought to evaluate the prevalence of self-reported cognitive difficulties as well as the relative contributions of demographic, injury-related, and mental health variables in a large study of U.S. military personnel injured during deployment since 2001. Slightly f...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - April 9, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sarah M. Jurick,
Cameron T. McCabe,
Jessica R. Watrous,
Lauren E. Walker,
Ian J. Stewart,
Michael R. Galarneau Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Experiences of participation in a population ‐based survey on violence: Emotional discomfort, disclosure concerns, and the perceived value of participation among adolescents and young adults
AbstractThe accurate measurement of violence depends on high-quality data collected using methods that ensure participant confidentiality, privacy, and safety. To assess survey participants ’ emotional distress, discomfort, and self-perceived value of participating in the Honduras (2017), El Salvador (2017), Cote d'Ivoire (2018), and Lesotho (2018) Violence Against Children and Youth Surveys, which include sensitive topics such as sexual, physical, and emotional violence, we investig ated individual self-reported distress and perceived value of participation by age, sex, and other demographic factors. We also examined th...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - April 6, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Liping Zhu,
Marie Kaye Soletchi Seya,
Andr és Villaveces,
Martha Conkling,
Beugre Joseph Trika,
Maman Fathim Myriam Kamagate,
Francis B. Annor,
Greta M. Massetti Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
The Ukraine crisis: Mental health resources for clinicians and researchers
AbstractThe mental health consequences of the war in Ukraine will be enormous. Mental health professionals who are providing care for people in Ukraine, or those resettled elsewhere, may require access to standardized and validated assessment tools. We have developed a repository of mental health measures that are available in Ukrainian, Russian, and English and can be accessed athttp://www.traumameasuresglobal.com/ukraine. (Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress)
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - April 2, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Mark Shevlin,
Philip Hyland,
Thanos Karatzias,
Nino Makhashvili,
Jana Javakhishvili,
Bayard Roberts Tags: COMMENTARY Source Type: research
Posttraumatic stress symptom severity is associated with impaired processing of emotional faces in a large international sample
AbstractTrauma exposure and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are associated with biases in emotional face processing. Existing research has utilized a variety of methodological techniques to demonstrate hyperreactivity to threatening cues in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; i.e., fearful faces), but studies to date have shown conflicting findings, including both increased and decreased time fixating on fearful faces. Moreover, the impact of PTSS severity on emotional face processing in the general population is unknown, as the generalizability of prior work is limited. The current study aimed to examine the associa...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - April 2, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Lauren A. Rutter,
Colton Lind,
Jacqueline Howard,
Prabhvir Lakhan,
Laura Germine Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Assessing meaning violations in Syrian refugees: A mixed ‐methods cross‐cultural adaptation of the Global Meaning Violations Scale–ArabV
AbstractRefugees are disproportionately affected by extreme traumatic events that can violate core beliefs and life goals (i.e., global meaning) and cause significant distress. This mixed-methods study used an exploratory sequential design to assess meaning violations in a sample of Syrian refugees living in Portugal. For this purpose, we cross-culturally adapted the Global Meaning Violations Scale (GMVS) for use with Arabic-speaking refugees. In total, 43 war-affected Syrian adults participated in the two-phase study. Participants completed measures of trauma and narrated violations as they filled out the newly adapted GM...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - April 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Lisa Matos,
Joana Água,
Jorge Sinval,
Crystal L. Park,
Monica J. Indart,
Isabel Leal Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Attention ‐control training as an early intervention for veterans leaving the military: A pilot randomized controlled trial
AbstractTransitioning out of the military can be a time of change and challenge. Research indicates that altered threat monitoring in military populations may contribute to the development of psychopathology in veterans, and interventions that adjust threat monitoring in personnel leaving the military may be beneficial. Australian Defence Force personnel (N = 59) transitioning from the military were randomized to receive four weekly sessions of either attention-control training or a placebo attention training. The primary outcome was symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as measured using the PTSD Checklist for...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - March 31, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Olivia Metcalf,
Meaghan L. O'Donnell,
David Forbes,
Yair Bar ‐Haim,
Stephanie Hodson,
Richard A. Bryant,
Alexander C. McFarlane,
David Morton,
Loretta Poerio,
Reut Naim,
Tracey Varker Tags: BRIEF REPORT Source Type: research
Earthquake exposure, adverse childhood experiences, and psychosocial functioning in Chilean children: A longitudinal study
AbstractThe impact of an 8.8 magnitude Chilean earthquake on elementary school students ’ psychosocial functioning was assessed along with exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs).Skills for Life, a national school-based mental health program in Chile, routinely assesses first- and third-grade students’ psychosocial functioning and classroom adaptation. Students (N = 19,627) were screened before (2009) and after (2011) the 2010 earthquake with parent- and teacher-report measures and with a parent-report of four ACEs (family psychopathology, child chronic illness, family social isolation, father absence). Eart...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - March 31, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Anamika Dutta,
Felipe Pe ña,
Juliana M. Holcomb,
Loreto Leiva,
Ana María Squicciarini,
Katia M. Canenguez,
Paul Bergmann,
Alexa Riobueno‐Naylor,
Alyssa M. Farley,
Ariela Simonsohn,
Dana Rose Garfin,
Roxane Cohen Silver,
Talia S. Benheim,
Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Correlates and clinical associations of military sexual assault in Gulf War era U.S. veterans: Findings from a national sample
This study analyzed cross-sectional survey data from a national sample of treatment-seeking Gulf War era veterans. Participants (N = 1,153) reported demographic information, clinical outcomes, military background, and history of MSA. MSA was more common among female veterans (n = 100, 41.3%) than male veterans (n = 32, 3.6%). The odds of experiencing MSA were approximately 19 times higher for female veterans relative to their male peers,OR = 18.92,p< .001. Moreover, as expected, MSA was robustly associated with probable current posttraumatic stress disorder, probable current depression, and past-year suicidal ideation i...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - March 31, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Tapan A. Patel,
Adam J. Mann,
Faith O. Nomamiukor,
Shannon M. Blakey,
Patrick S. Calhoun,
Jean C. Beckham,
Mary J. Pugh,
Nathan A. Kimbrel Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Development and validation of the Clinical Aspects of Historical Trauma Questionnaire in Rwandan genocide survivors
AbstractHistorical trauma is a relatively new concept in the literature, and investigations are needed to clarify its clinical aspects and develop instruments to measure its sequelae. The purpose of this study was to develop the Clinical Aspects of Historical Trauma Questionnaire (CAHTQ), which is meant to capture trauma sequelae in different contexts, and provide initial psychometric information. Participants were survivors of the genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda (N = 261) aged 32 –87 years (M = 46.30 years,SD = 11.95) who completed a preliminary version of the CAHTQ, constructed based on theoretical and content-rel...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - March 29, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Celestin Mutuyimana,
Andreas Maercker Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity is associated with reduced Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores in a sample of Vietnam War Veterans
AbstractThe goal of the present study was to examine associations between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity, the number of stressors experienced, and cognitive outcomes in a sample of U.S. Vietnam War Veterans (N = 274). Adults between 60 and 85 years of age completed a Vietnam Veterans Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Project visit. A modified version of the Life Stressor Checklist-Revised (LSC-R) was used to assess the number of stressful experiences participants experienced, current PTSD severity scores were measured via the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale forDSM-IV (CAPS-IV), and cognit...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - March 26, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Sarah Prieto,
Jena N. Moody,
Kate E. Valerio,
Jasmeet P. Hayes Tags: BRIEF REPORT Source Type: research
Treating posttraumatic stress disorder at home in a single week using 1 ‐week virtual massed cognitive processing therapy
AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatments are increasingly delivered in massed formats and have shown comparable results to standard, weekly treatment. To date, massed cognitive processing therapy (CPT), delivered daily, has been delivered primarily in combination with adjunctive services and among veteran populations, but it has not been rigorously evaluated as a standalone intervention. The present study evaluated 1-week massed CPT delivered virtually (i.e., via telehealth) to a community sample of trauma-exposed individuals (N = 24). Using a single-arm open-label design, participants received CPT twice per...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - March 26, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Philip Held,
Merdijana Kovacevic,
Kelsey Petrey,
Enya A. Meade,
Sarah Pridgen,
Mauricio Montes,
Brianna Werner,
Michelle L. Miller,
Dale L. Smith,
Debra Kaysen,
Niranjan S. Karnik Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Evaluation of a standardized posttraumatic stress disorder treatment framework in routine mental health care: Effectiveness and predictors of treatment outcome in a consecutive sample
AbstractThe primary aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of standardized care package (CP) treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a Danish sample of adult psychiatric outpatients (N = 948). Secondary aims were to identify baseline predictors of treatment outcomes and investigate between-group differences in outcomes with regard to sex and treatment modality (i.e., group vs. individual therapy). The naturalistic, nonrandomized study followed a pre–post design. Patient data from five psychiatric outpatient clinics were collected between March 2011 and November 2017. Data were drawn fr...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - March 26, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Frederik B. Scharff,
Marianne E. Lau,
Matthias Gondan,
Sofie Folke,
Ida ‐Marie T. P. Arendt,
Stine B. Moeller Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
Demographic characteristics, torture experiences, and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among asylum seekers and refugees persecuted for same ‐sex behaviors
This study assessed differences in sociodemographic characteristics, persecution experiences, and mental health outcomes among 959 RAS persecuted for same-sex behavior (pLGB RAS) who presented for care and social services at the Boston Center for Refugee Health and Human Rights. Data were derived from intake interviews with RAS clients that elicited torture experiences and assessed PTSD symptoms using the Short Screening Scale for PTSD. Over 11% of the total sample were pLGB RAS. Compared with non –pLGB RAS, pLGB RAS reported higher PTSD symptom levels, β = .08,p = .031; more difficulty loving others,d = 0.13,p< .001...
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - March 22, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Christine Bird,
Gray Bowers,
Lin Piwowarczyk,
Lauren C. Ng Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
The mental health of Vietnam theater veterans —the lasting effects of the war: 2016–2017 Vietnam Era Health Retrospective Observational Study
We examined self-report data on four mental health outcomes: probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, psychological distress, and overall mental health functioning. Weighted adjusted odds ratios (aORs) between each outcome and cohort were estimated, controlling for covariates in four models: cohort plus sociodemographic variables (Model 1), Model 1 plus physical health variables (Model 2), Model 2 plus potentially traumatic events (PTEs; Model 3), and Model 3 plus other military service variables (Model 4). Mental health outcome prevalence was highest for VTs versus other cohorts, with the largest aOR, 2....
Source: Journal of Traumatic Stress - March 16, 2022 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Yasmin Cypel,
Paula P. Schnurr,
Aaron I. Schneiderman,
William J. Culpepper,
Fatema Z. Akhtar,
Sybil W. Morley,
Dennis A. Fried,
Erick K. Ishii,
Victoria J. Davey Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research
