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Understanding the pathophysiology of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH): a review of recent developments
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a condition of significant morbidity and rising prevalence. It typically affects young people living with obesity, mostly women of reproductive age, and can present with headaches, visual abnormalities, tinnitus and cognitive dysfunction. Raised intracranial pressure without a secondary identified cause remains a key diagnostic feature of this condition, however, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that drive this increase are poorly understood. Previous theories have focused on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hypersecretion or impaired reabsorption, however, the recent char...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - March 13, 2024 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Colman, B. D., Boonstra, F., Nguyen, M. N., Raviskanthan, S., Sumithran, P., White, O., Hutton, E. J., Fielding, J., van der Walt, A. Tags: JNNP Patients' choice General neurology Source Type: research

The T1-weighted/T2-weighted ratio as a biomarker of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis
Conclusions The T1w/T2w ratio detects microstructural changes in grey and white matter of patients with NMDAR encephalitis that correlate with cognitive performance. Computable from conventional clinical MRI sequences, this measure shows promise in bridging the clinico-radiological dissociation in NMDAR encephalitis and could serve as an imaging outcome measure in clinical trials. (Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - March 13, 2024 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Hartung, T. J., Cooper, G., Jünger, V., Komnenic, D., Ryan, L., Heine, J., Chien, C., Paul, F., Prüss, H., Finke, C. Tags: Open access Neuro-inflammation Source Type: research

Premorbid brain structure influences risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Conclusions This study provides evidence that premorbid brain structure, in particular white matter volume, contributes to the risk of ALS. (Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - March 13, 2024 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Thompson, A. G., Taschler, B., Smith, S. M., Turner, M. R. Tags: Open access Neurodegeneration Source Type: research

Alzheimers disease marker phospho-tau181 is not elevated in the first year after moderate-to-severe TBI
Conclusions Plasma p-tau181 is not significantly elevated during the first year after moderate-to-severe TBI and levels do not relate to neuroimaging measures of neurodegeneration. (Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - March 13, 2024 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Graham, N., Zimmerman, K., Heslegrave, A. J., Keshavan, A., Moro, F., Abed-Maillard, S., Bernini, A., Dunet, V., Garbero, E., Nattino, G., Chieregato, A., Fainardi, E., Baciu, C., Gradisek, P., Magnoni, S., Oddo, M., Bertolini, G., Schott, J. M., Zetterbe Tags: Open access Neurodegeneration Source Type: research

Do lower limb motor-evoked potentials predict walking outcomes post-stroke?
Conclusions The presence of LL MEPs 1-week post-stroke predicts independent walking at 3 and 6 months post-stroke. However, the absence of MEPs does not preclude independent walking. Clinical factors, particularly age, balance and stroke severity, more strongly predict independent walking than MEP status. LL MEP status adds little value as a biomarker for walking outcomes. (Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - March 13, 2024 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Smith, M.-C., Scrivener, B. J., Stinear, C. M. Tags: Cerebrovascular disease Source Type: research

COVID-19 has no impact on disease activity, progression and cognitive performance in people with multiple sclerosis: a 2-year study
Conclusions In PwMS, COVID-19 has no impact on disease activity, course and cognitive performance 18–24 months after infection. (Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - March 13, 2024 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Montini, F., Nozzolillo, A., Tedone, N., Mistri, D., Rancoita, P. M., Zanetta, C., Mandelli, A., Furlan, R., Moiola, L., Martinelli, V., Rocca, M. A., Filippi, M., On behalf of the Clinical SanRaf MS Study Group Tags: COVID-19 Multiple sclerosis Source Type: research

Best practices in phase III clinical trials on DMTs for multiple sclerosis: a systematic analysis and appraisal of published trials
Conclusions RCTs for DMTs in MS have relevant and frequent limitations. These should be addressed to enhance their quality, transparency and external validity. (Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - March 13, 2024 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Mascarenas-Garcia, M., Rivero-de-Aguilar, A., Perez-Rios, M., Ruano-Ravina, A., Llaneza-Gonzalez, M. A., Candal-Pedreira, C., Rey-Brandariz, J., Varela-Lema, L. Tags: Multiple sclerosis Source Type: research

Seroreactivity against lytic, latent and possible cross-reactive EBV antigens appears on average 10 years before MS induced preclinical neuroaxonal damage
Conclusions Seroreactivity against latent and lytic EBV antigens, and in a subset ANO2, was detectable on average a decade before the appearance of a gradually increasing axonal injury occurring in the last decade before the onset of clinical MS. These findings strengthen the hypothesis of latent EBV involvement in the pathogenesis of MS. (Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - March 13, 2024 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Jons, D., Grut, V., Bergström, T., Zetterberg, H., Biström, M., Gunnarsson, M., Vrethem, M., Brenner, N., Butt, J., Blennow, K., Nilsson, S., Kockum, I., Olsson, T., Waterboer, T., Sundström, P., Andersen, O. Tags: Open access Multiple sclerosis Source Type: research

Temporal course of cognitive and behavioural changes in motor neuron diseases
Conclusions In this study, cognitive dysfunction was less common than previously reported and remained stable over time for most. However, cognition declines longitudinally in a small subset, which is not entirely related to C9ORF72 status. Our findings raise questions about the timing of cognitive impairment in MND, and whether it arises during early clinically manifest disease or even prior to motor manifestations. (Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - March 13, 2024 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: McHutchison, C. A., Wuu, J., McMillan, C. T., Rademakers, R., Statland, J., Wu, G., Rampersaud, E., Myers, J., Hernandez, J. P., Abrahams, S., Benatar, M., on behalf of The CReATe Consortium, The CReATe Consortium, Granit, Ravits, Elman, Trivedi, Swenson, Tags: Open access Cognition Source Type: research

Are patients with GBA-Parkinson disease good candidates for deep brain stimulation? A longitudinal multicentric study on a large Italian cohort
Conclusions Evaluation of long-term impact of GBA variants in a large Italian DBS-PD cohort supported the role of DBS surgery as a valid therapeutic strategy in GBA-PD, with long-term benefit on motor performance and ICD. Despite the selective worsening of cognitive scores since 3 years post-DBS, the majority of GBA-PD had not developed dementia at 5-year follow-up. (Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - March 13, 2024 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Avenali, M., Zangaglia, R., Cuconato, G., Palmieri, I., Albanese, A., Artusi, C. A., Bozzali, M., Calandra-Buonaura, G., Cavallieri, F., Cilia, R., Cocco, A., Cogiamanian, F., Colucci, F., Cortelli, P., Di Fonzo, A., Eleopra, R., Giannini, G., Imarisio, A Tags: Open access Movement disorders Source Type: research

GPi-DBS-induced brain metabolic activation in cervical dystonia
Conclusions GPi-DBS increases metabolic activity at the stimulation site and sensorimotor network. The clinical benefit and adverse effects are mediated by modulation of specific networks. (Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - March 13, 2024 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Honkanen, E. A., Rönkä, J., Pekkonen, E., Aaltonen, J., Koivu, M., Eskola, O., Eldebakey, H., Volkmann, J., Kaasinen, V., Reich, M. M., Joutsa, J. Tags: Movement disorders Source Type: research

Dissociative seizures in the emergency room: room for improvement
Conclusions Improved semiological assessment could reduce early misdiagnosis of dissociative seizures. Although some seizures seem to respond to benzodiazepines, critical sedation is common, and further studies are needed to assess the therapeutic ratio. (Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - March 13, 2024 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Cengiz, O., Jungilligens, J., Michaelis, R., Wellmer, J., Popkirov, S. Tags: Open access Neuropsychiatry Source Type: research

Dissociative seizures in the emergency department: how to solve the problem of diagnostic confusion leading to iatrogenic harm?
Dissociative seizures are frequently misdiagnosed and treated as epileptic seizures in emergency settings, but simple educational interventions may help Over the last 20 years, there has been a renaissance in the study of functional neurological disorders (FNDs). Alongside an improved understanding of their involuntary nature,1 and mechanistic and aetiological complexities,2 there is an increasing recognition of the iatrogenic harm and socioeconomic costs associated with these disorders. Dissociative seizures are the most common form of FND. They look like epileptic seizures but are not caused by epileptiform discharges. I...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - March 13, 2024 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Yogarajah, M. Tags: Editorial commentaries Source Type: research

Correction: ICARUS study: prevalence and clinical features of impulse control disorders in Parkinsons disease
Antonini A, Barone P, Bonuccelli U, et al. ICARUS study: prevalence and clinical features of impulse control disorders in Parkinson’s disease J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2017;88:317–324. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2016-315277 Since this paper was first published Mirko Avesani and Francesco Palandin have been added as authors. A new affiliation was also included for these authors. (Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - March 13, 2024 Category: Neurosurgery Tags: Corrections Source Type: research

Leukoencephalopathy caused by a 17p13.3 microdeletion
In this report, we describe a novel phenotype of extensive, confluent, paucisymptomatic adult-onset leukoencephalopathy in adults caused by a 248 kb microdeletion of 17p13.3, which unlike other similar microdeletion syndromes has no impact on psychomotor development and has not been associated with any syndromic or extraneurological features so far. Case descriptions The proband (patient... (Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry)
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - February 14, 2024 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Wade, C., Williams, T., Labrum, R., Patel, Y., Cali, E., Davagnanam, I., Adams, M. E., Barkhof, F., Murphy, E., Chataway, J., Houlden, H., Lynch, D. S. Tags: Open access PostScript Source Type: research