SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination induces an antigen-specific T cell response correlating with plasma interferon-gamma in B cell depleted patients
Emerging evidence is encouraging and suggests that a substantial proportion of patients without antibody responses (due to anti-CD20 therapy or other etiologies) to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines develop T cell responses. However, antigen-specific T cellular responses are notoriously difficult to assess clinically, given the lack of such assays under satisfactory CAP/CLIA regulation, and the laborious nature of the flow cytometric assessment. To evaluate the ability to apply a clinically feasible assay to measure T cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination, we compared flow cy...
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - August 29, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Tyler L. Borko, Ryan Baxter, Berenice Cabrera-Martinez, Eagappanath Thiruppathi, Maite Sabalza, Iswariya Venkataraman, Sean Selva, Cody Rester, Stefan Sillau, Daniel M. Pastula, Jeffrey L. Bennett, Enrique Alvarez, Robert Gross, Anna Shah, Ryan Kammeyer, Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research
A selected case series of idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis in a single center: Pathological characteristics and case-oriented review
We reported a continuous case series of seven patients with idiopathic HP (IHP), and also details one case of immunoglobulin G4-related HP requiring surgical intervention. Early diagnosis and appropriate surgical intervention for IHP could prevent the progression of permanent neurological damage and spinal cord paraplegia. (Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology)
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - August 28, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Huaxiao Yu, Chunli Lu, Wanru Duan, Yachao Dong, Zuowei Wang, Xingwen Wang, Fengzeng Jian Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research
A case of new onset refractory status epilepticus in a U.S. traveler with Japanese encephalitis
We report a case of NORSE triggered by Japanese encephalitis (JE) in an unvaccinated US adult traveler. Her CSF later revealed positive anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor antibody. (Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology)
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - August 28, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Spencer R. Osbourn, Keith E. Ryan, Kevin R. Cannard, Yitao Ma Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research
Transverse myelitis associated with Mpox infection
We describe a case of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis in a patient with recently diagnosed mpox, presenting as acute flaccid paraplegia. The patient underwent an extensive work-up that included serological and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). They were treated with tecoviromat, high dose steroids, and intravenous immunoglobulin, followed by plasma exchange. (Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology)
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - August 28, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Lisa Moore, Armin Munir, Sonu Bae, Jaret Miller, Allison Jordon, Benjamin Segal Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research
Microglia mediated neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases: A review on the cell signaling pathways involved in microglial activation
Microglia, the immune sentinels of the central nervous system (CNS), have emerged to be the central players in many neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies on large genome databases and omics studies in fact provide support to the idea that microglial cells could be the drivers of these diseases. Microglial cells have the capacity to undergo morphological and phenotypic transformations depending on its microenvironment. From the homeostatic ramified state, they can shift their phenotypes between the two extremes, known as the proinflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, with intermediate trans...
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - August 26, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kaushiki Biswas Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Uncovering the neurological effects of West Nile virus during a record-breaking southern Spain outbreak in 2020 –2021
The 2020 –21 West Nile Virus (WNV) outbreak in Andalusia, Spain, was the largest reported in the country, with eight cases of West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease (WNND) diagnosed in a tertiary hospital. Diagnosis of WNND is based on detecting WNV RNA, viral isolation, or demonstrating a specific immune respons e against the virus, with additional tests used to support the diagnosis. Treatment remains supportive, with variable outcomes. The potential efficacy of plasma exchange (PLEX) in select cases raises the possibility of an autoimmune component secondary to infectious pathology of the central nervous system. (Source: Jou...
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - August 24, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Juan Diego Guerra Hiraldo, Alejandro Fuerte-Hortig ón, Ana Domínguez-Mayoral, Sandra De la Rosa Riestra, Zaira R. Palacios-Baena, Félix Sánchez Fernández, Rocio López Ruiz, Diego Pascual-Vaca, Carmen Menéndez de León, Rafael Jiménez Hurtado, Sara Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research
BL 23 (Shenshu) acupuncture and inflammatory markers
We have read with great interest the article titled, “Effects of BL 23 (Shenshu) acupuncture on serum cytokine levels in healthy adults: A randomized double-blind sham-controlled phase 1 study” by Murakami et al. (2023). The authors found that BL 23 (Shenshu) acupuncture can suppress various inflammatory cytokines and markers (IL-13, TNF-α, and G M-CSF). We congratulate the authors for this preliminary finding, but there are still several questions we would like to inquire about. (Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology)
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - August 24, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Benjamin K.P. Woo Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
Disease modifying therapy and pregnancy outcomes in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
To report pregnancy outcomes among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients treated with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). (Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology)
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - August 23, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Erum Khan, Yusuf Kagzi, Mahmoud Eklkhooly, Swapnil Surpur, Sijin Wen, Kanika Sharma, Shitiz Sriwastava Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis presenting as cortisone sensible psychosis with reversible leukoencephalopathy
Steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT) is a frequently discussed neuropsychiatric syndrome with elevated thyroid antibodies in the context of various clinical neuropsychiatric phenotypes. MRI abnormalities are usually nonspecific and treatment can be complex. (Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology)
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - August 8, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kimon Runge, Sebastian Rauer, Elena Waibel, Kathrin Nickel, Joachim Brumberg, Philipp T. Meyer, Horst Urbach, Harald Pr üss, Katharina Domschke, Dominique Endres, Ludger Tebartz van Elst Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research
Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis preceded by meningitis lasting up to 60 days
Long-lasting meningitis complicated by N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis has not been discussed widely in the literature. Herein, we present two cases of anti-NMDAR encephalitis preceded by meningitis. The patients had 60- and 22-day periods of preceding meningitis, which improved with intravenous methylprednisolone and plasmapheresis. No tumors were detected in either of the patients. Although meningitis preceding anti-NMDAR encephalitis is not rare, our patients, especially those who had it for a duration of 60 days, had longer durations of meningitis. (Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology)
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - August 7, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Naoki Yamahara, Nobuaki Yoshikura, Akira Takekoshi, Akio Kimura, Naoko Harada, Yu Mori, Takayoshi Shimohata Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research
Clinical relevance of thymic and bone marrow outputs in multiple sclerosis patients treated with alemtuzumab
Thymic and bone marrow outputs were evaluated in 13 sequential samples of 68 multiple sclerosis patients who initiated alemtuzumab and were clinically followed for 48 months. Three months after alemtuzumab infusions, the levels of new T lymphocytes were significantly reduced, but progressively increased reaching the highest values at 36 months, indicating the remarkable capacity of thymic function recovery. Newly produced B cells exceeded baseline levels as early as 3 months after alemtuzumab initiation. (Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology)
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - August 7, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Alessandra Sottini, Virginia Quaresima, Mos è Barbaro, Lucia Moiola, Massimo Filippi, Maria Malentacchi, Marco Capobianco, Marco Puthenparampil, Paolo Gallo, Eleonora Cocco, Jessica Frau, Mauro Zaffaroni, Clara Guaschino, Chiara Stampatori, Chiara Mancin Source Type: research
N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis preceded by long-term persistent meningitis: A case series
Long-lasting meningitis complicated by N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis has not been discussed widely in the literature. Herein, we present two cases of anti-NMDAR encephalitis preceded by meningitis. The patients had 60- and 22-day periods of preceding meningitis, which improved with intravenous methylprednisolone and plasmapheresis. No tumors were detected in either of the patients. Although meningitis preceding anti-NMDAR encephalitis is not rare, our patients, especially those who had it for a duration of 60 days, had longer durations of meningitis. (Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology)
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - August 7, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Naoki Yamahara, Nobuaki Yoshikura, Akira Takekoshi, Akio Kimura, Naoko Harada, Yu Mori, Takayoshi Shimohata Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research
Overlapping Epstein-Barr virus encephalitis and autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy
We describe three cases of overlapping Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) Encephalitis and Autoimmune Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Astrocytopathy (GFAP-A). The three cases all presented with initial symptoms of fever, headache, coma, and posture tremor of the upper limbs, then followed by limb weakness and dysuria. All of the three cases were on ventilators. Case 1 and 2 improved dramatically after intravenous methylprednisoloneand immunoglobulin treatment. However, case 3 presented dyspneic, and died from gastrointestinal hemorrhage. (Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology)
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - August 7, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Jin-ru Zhang, Sheng Zhuang, Xiao-dong Xu, Wen-li Song, Ke-ru Li, Yu Jiang, Xiao-yu Cheng, Ji-jun Shi, Wei-dong Hu, Chun-feng Liu, Yan-lin Zhang Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research
Immune cell subpopulations and serum neurofilament light chain are associated with increased risk of disease worsening in multiple sclerosis
Changes is lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood have been proposed as biomarkers for evaluation of disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS). Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) is a biomarker reflecting neuro-axonal injury in MS that could be used to monitor disease activity, response to drugs and to prognosticate disease course. Here we show a moderate correlation between sNfL and lymphocyte cell subpopulations, and our data furthermore suggest that sNfL and specific immune cell subpopulations together could predict future disease worsening in MS. (Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology)
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - August 7, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Synne Brune-Ingebretsen, Einar A. H øgestøl, Nicole Kerlero de Rosbo, Pål Berg-Hansen, Cathrine Brunborg, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg, Friedemann Paul, Antonio Uccelli, Pablo Villoslada, Hanne F. Harbo, Tone Berge Source Type: research
Clinical characteristics of autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy in children: A case series of 16 patients
To investigate the clinical characteristics of autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy in children. (Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology)
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - August 7, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Tianyi Li, Xiujuan Li, Siqi Hong, Li Jiang, Jiannan Ma Source Type: research
