Central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs) associated with COVID-19: A case series and review
We report two rare neurological manifestations post-COVID-19 infection; multiple sclerosis (MS) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). Further, we reviewed other CNS inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs) associated with SARS-CoV-2, including optic neuritis (ON) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). (Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology)
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - August 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Parissa Feizi, Kanika Sharma, Shreya R. Pasham, Lalit Nirwan, Joe Joseph, Shruti Jaiswal, Shitiz Sriwastava Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease is associated with BANK1, RNASET2 and TNIP1 polymorphisms
Here we aimed to compare association of common immune-related genetic variants with three autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating diseases, namely myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease (MOGAD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). (Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology)
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - July 31, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yaqing Shu, Xiaoyu Ma, Chen Chen, Yuge Wang, Xiaobo Sun, Liang Zhang, Zhengqi Lu, Frank Petersen, Wei Qiu, Xinhua Yu Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Inflammatory profile and white matter hyperintensity burden in acute ischemic stroke patients
Inflammation is involved in small vessel disease (SVD). We aim to clarify whether inflammation related to white matter hyperintensities (WMH), a key component of SVD, may affect the inflammatory response in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. For this, we sequentially measured 10 circulating inflammatory markers and assessed WMH burden on admission MRI in AIS patients treated with thrombectomy. Of 149 patients, 57 (38.3%) had a high WMH burden (Fazekas ≥3). A high WMH burden was associated with 4 markers levels but this association did not remain following multivariable analyses. (Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology)
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - July 28, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Lucie Rascle, Norbert Nighoghossian, Tae-Hee Cho, Thomas Bochaton, Alexandre Paccalet, Claire Crola Da Silva, Marielle Buisson, Camille Amaz, Julia Fontaine, Elodie Ong, Laurent Derex, Yves Berthezene, Omer Faruk Eker, Nathan Mewton, Michel Ovize, Laura M Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

MINI-review of Epstein-Barr virus involvement in multiple sclerosis etiology and pathogenesis
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the infectious agent that shows the strongest association with multiple sclerosis (MS). EBV is a ubiquitous double stranded DNA herpes virus that establishes a latent infection in B cells and is actively contained by the immune system throughout the life of its human host. Failure to control EBV infection can lead to the development of malignancies and immunopathological diseases characterized by hyperreactive anti-EBV immune responses. Although MS is the result of still poorly understood interactions between genetic and environmental factors, compelling evidence indicates that EBV infection is ...
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - July 28, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Francesca Aloisi, Anne H. Cross Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

CTGF/CCN2 has a possible detrimental role in the inflammation and the remyelination failure in the early stages of multiple sclerosis
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) is a proinflammatory and an oligodendrocyte-differentiating blocking agent. It is found in MS lesions, which raises the possibility of involvement in MS pathogenesis. We found that CSF and serum levels were higher in RR-MS patients than in controls and for serum compared to PP and SP-MS. Immune cells of both RR-MS and controls secreted CTGF/CCN2, which was enhanced by CD3/CD28 stimulation or by LPS. Anti-CTGF treatment of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalitis ameliorated its clinical severity. (Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology)
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - July 28, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Lior Fuchs, Karin Mausner-Fainberg, Anna Luban, Susanna Eva Asseyer, Maya Golan, Moshe Benhamou, Ilan Volovitz, Keren Regev, Ifat Vigiser, Yoav Piura, Hadar Kolb, Friedemann Paul, Arnon Karni Source Type: research

Activin A is a novel chemoattractant for migration of microglial BV2 cells
In this study, the role of activin A in regulation of the microglia migration was investigated with the murine microglial BV2 cell. (Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology)
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - July 21, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yunfeng Wang, Yan Qi, Jianfei Qi, Jiandong Wu, Francis Lin, Xueling Cui, Jingyan Ge, Zhonghui Liu Source Type: research

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-IgG associated disorders (MOGAD) following SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case series
This case series describes 9 patients diagnosed with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-IgG associated disorder (MOGAD) following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Patients developed neurological symptoms between 4  days and 5 weeks following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Myelitis was observed in 4 patients; 4 presented with optic neuritis; and encephalopathy was observed in 3. Serum MOG-IgG cell-based assay was medium or high positive in each case. The majority of patients had near-complete recovery following acute immunosuppression. (Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology)
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - July 13, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Jeffrey Lambe, Marisa P. McGinley, Brandon P. Moss, Yang Mao-Draayer, Roman Kassa, John R. Ciotti, Sara Mariotto, Amy Kunchok Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-IgG1 associated disorders (MOGAD) following SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case series
This case series describes 9 patients diagnosed with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-IgG1 associated disorder (MOGAD) following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Patients developed neurological symptoms between 4  days and 3 weeks following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Myelitis was observed in 4 patients; 4 presented with optic neuritis; and encephalopathy was observed in 3. Serum MOG-IgG cell-based assay was positive in each case. Most patients had near-complete recovery following acute immunosuppression. (Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology)
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - July 13, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Jeffrey Lambe, Marisa P. McGinley, Brandon P. Moss, Yang Mao-Draayer, Roman Kassa, John R. Ciotti, Sara Mariotto, Amy Kunchok Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Increased maternofoetal transfer of antibodies in a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus, but no immune activation and neuroimmune sequelae in offspring
Maternally transferred autoantibodies can negatively impact the development and health of offspring, increasing the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. We used embryo transfers to examine maternofoetal immune imprinting in the autoimmune BXSB/MpJ mouse model. Anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies and total immunoglobulins were measured, using allotypes of the IgG subclass to distinguish maternally transferred antibodies from those produced endogenously. Frequencies of germinal center and plasma cells were analysed by flow cytometry. (Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology)
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - July 12, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Sofie Vestergaard Fonager, Gudrun Winther, Thomas Rea Wittenborn, Lisbeth Jensen, Cecilia Fahlquist-Hagert, Lisbeth Ahm Hansen, Ernst-Martin F üchtbauer, Marina Romero-Ramos, Søren Egedal Degn Source Type: research

Prevalence of iatrogenic CNS inflammation at a tertiary neuroimmunology clinic
Various vaccines, tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha inhibitors (TNFAIs), immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and other immunomodulators have been linked to inflammatory CNS events. The prevalence of iatrogenic events in the neuroimmunology clinic is unknown. (Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology)
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - July 12, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Hannah Kelly, Jessica Johnson, Collin Jakubecz, Alessandro Serra, Hesham Abboud Source Type: research

Longitudinal analysis of anti-drug antibody development in multiple sclerosis patients treated with interferon beta-1a (Rebif ™) using B cell receptor repertoire analysis
A significant proportion of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients treated with interferon beta-1a (Rebif ™) develop anti-drug antibodies (ADA) with a negative impact on treatment efficacy. We hypothesized that high-throughput B-cell receptor (BCR) repertoire analysis could be used to predict and monitor ADA development. To study this we analyzed 228 peripheral blood samples from 68 longitudinally fol lowed patients starting on interferon beta-1a. Our results show that whole blood BCR analysis does not reflect, and does not predict ADA development in MS patients treated with interferon beta-1a. (Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology)
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - July 12, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Linda van der Weele, Sabrina Pollastro, Barbera D.C. van Schaik, Antoine H.C. van Kampen, Ilse T.G. Niewold, Taco W. Kuijpers, Clemens Warnke, Poul Erik H. Jensen, Daniel Kramer, Malin Ryner, Christina Hermanrud, Pierre D önnes, Marc Pallardy, Sebastian Source Type: research

The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with intubation in pediatric anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: A retrospective study
BackgroundThe neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) may predict poor outcomes in adult anti-NMDAR encephalitis (NMDARE). The association of NLR with outcomes in pediatric NMDARE was examined.MethodsPediatric NMDARE patients (N  = 36) were retrospectively studied.ResultsHigh NLR (>6) had a higher proportion of tumors (43% versus 7%) and higher intubation rates (100% versus 38%, p  = 0.008). Multivariate analyses showed that high NLR did not correlate with one-year outcomes, inpatient length of stay (LOS), or with tumor, but was associated with intubation and rehabilitation LOS. (Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology)
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - July 12, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Nisha Kashyap, Morgan Morris, Leah B. Loerinc, Macarthur Benoit, Laura Blackwell, Robyn Howarth, Grace Gombolay Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

The effect of immunosuppression or thymectomy on the response to tetanus revaccination in myasthenia gravis
To determine the effect of tetanus toxoid (TT) revaccination on circulating B-, T- and NK-cell compartments in myasthenia gravis (MG) patients. (Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology)
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - July 11, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Ellen Strijbos, Monique M. van Ostaijen-ten Dam, Carly Vervat, Marco W. Schilham, Maartje G.M. Huijbers, Maarten J.D. van Tol, Jan J.G.M. Verschuuren Source Type: research

Fingolimod attenuates gait deficits in mice subjected to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Fingolimod, used to treat relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), reduces motor deficits in mice with established experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). To better characterize the therapeutic effects of fingolimod, kinematic gait analysis was employed to precisely measure movements of a hindleg while EAE mice walked on a treadmill. Relative to the vehicle group, oral dosing with fingolimod, beginning after disease onset (1  mg/kg/day), increased hip heights and knee joint movements, and reduced spinal cord demyelination. (Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology)
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - July 11, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Gracious D.S. Kasheke, Scott P. Holman, George S. Robertson Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

IL-6 as a marker for NMOSD disease activity
To date, there are no accepted soluble markers for disease activity and progression of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). We aimed to evaluate longitudinal interleukin (IL)-6 levels in sera of NMOSD patients in correlation with disease activity and brain volume. We analyzed IL-6 serum levels of 26 NMOSD patients during relapse and remission. Significantly increased IL-6 levels were detected in patients with NMOSD during relapse. Furthermore, increased IL-6 levels correlated with relapse severity and brain atrophy. (Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology)
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - July 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Adi Haramati, Ariel Rechtman, Omri Zveik, Nitzan Haham, Livnat Brill, Adi Vaknin-Dembinsky Source Type: research