The effect of increased NaCl intake on rat brain endogenous μ‐opioid receptor signaling
In conclusion, we found no significant alterations in the MnPO and brainstem in the number of available cell surface MORs or de novo syntheses of MOR after hypertonic sodium intake. The increased MOR G‐protein activity following acute sodium overconsumption may participate in the maintenance of normal blood pressure levels and/or in enhancing sodium taste aversion and sodium overload‐induced anorexia.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Journal of Neuroendocrinology)
Source: Journal of Neuroendocrinology - February 27, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Florencia Dadam, Ferenc Z ádor, Ximena Caeiro, Edina Szűcs, Anna I. Erdei, Reza Samavati, Róbert Gáspár, Anna Borsodi, Laura Vivas Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Maternal thyroid hormone is required for parvalbumin neurone development in the anterior hypothalamic area
Thyroid hormone (TH) is crucial for brain development and function. This becomes most evident in untreated congenital hypothyroidism, leading to irreversible mental retardation. Likewise, maternal hypothyroxinaemia, a lack of TH during pregnancy, is associated with neurological dysfunction in the offspring, such as autism and reduced intellectual capacity. In the brain, TH acts mainly through TH receptor α1 (TRα1). Consequently, mice heterozygous for a dominant‐negative mutation in TRα1 display profound neuroanatomical abnormalities including deranged development of parvalbumin neurones. However, the exact timing and ...
Source: Journal of Neuroendocrinology - February 27, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: L. Harder, S. Dudazy ‐Gralla, H. Müller‐Fielitz, J. Hjerling Leffler, B. Vennström, H. Heuer, J. Mittag Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Issue Information
(Source: Journal of Neuroendocrinology)
Source: Journal of Neuroendocrinology - February 27, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Tags: ISSUE INFORMATION Source Type: research
A Systematic Review and Quantitative Meta ‐Analysis of Oxytocin's Effects on Feeding
Journal of Neuroendocrinology,Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-. (Source: Journal of Neuroendocrinology)
Source: Journal of Neuroendocrinology - February 26, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Monica Leslie
,
Paulo Silva
,
Yannis Paloyelis
,
James Blevins
,
Janet Treasure Source Type: research
Steroids, stress and the gut microbiome ‐brain axis
It is becoming well established that the gut microbiome has a profound impact on human health and disease. In this review, we explore how steroids can influence the gut microbiota and, in turn, how the gut microbiota can influence hormone levels. Within the context of the gut microbiome‐brain axis, we discuss how perturbations in the gut microbiota can alter the stress axis and behaviour. In addition, human studies on the possible role of gut microbiota in depression and anxiety are examined. Finally, we present some of the challenges and important questions that need to be addressed by future research in this exciting n...
Source: Journal of Neuroendocrinology - February 18, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: M. J. Tetel, G. J. Vries, R. C. Melcangi, G. Panzica, S. M. O'Mahony Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research
Brain inflammasomes in stroke and depressive disorders: Regulation by oestrogen
Neuroinflammation is a devastating pathophysiological process that results in brain damage and neuronal death. Pathogens, cell fragments and cellular dysfunction trigger inflammatory responses. Irrespective of the cause, inflammasomes are key intracellular multiprotein signalling platforms that sense neuropathological conditions. The activation of inflammasomes leads to the auto‐proteolytic cleavage of caspase‐1, resulting in the proteolysis of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)1β and IL18 into their bioactive forms. It also initiates pyroptosis, a type of cell death. The two cytokines contribute to the...
Source: Journal of Neuroendocrinology - February 18, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: A. Slowik, L. Lammerding, S. Hoffmann, C. Beyer Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research
Effects of GABA active steroids in the female brain with a focus on the premenstrual dysphoric disorder
In conclusion, the underlying studies of this review provide evidence that allopregnanolone is the provoking factor behind the negative mood symptoms in PMDD and that isoallopregnanolone could ameliorate the symptoms as a result of its ability to antagonise the allopregnanolone effect on the GABAA receptor. (Source: Journal of Neuroendocrinology)
Source: Journal of Neuroendocrinology - February 18, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: M. Bixo, M. Johansson, E. Timby, L. Michalski, T. B äckström Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research
Evidence for effective structure ‐based neuromodulatory effects of new analogues of neurosteroid allopregnanolone
Abstract
The neurosteroid allopregnanolone (AP) modulates neuroendocrine/neurobiological processes, including hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenocortical activities, pain, anxiety, neurogenesis and neuroprotection. These observations raised the hope of developing AP‐based therapies against neuroendocrine and/or neurodegenerative disorders. However, the pleiotropic actions of AP, particularly its cell‐proliferation‐promoting effects, hamper the development of selective/targeted therapies. For example, although AP‐induced neurogenesis may serve to compensate neuronal loss in degenerative brains, AP‐evoked cell‐prol...
Source: Journal of Neuroendocrinology - February 18, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: O. Taleb, C. Patte ‐Mensah, L. Meyer, V. Kemmel, P. Geoffroy, M. Miesch, A.‐G. Mensah‐Nyagan Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research
Insulin and leptin excite anorexigenic pro ‐opiomelanocortin neurones via activation of TRPC5 channels
Pro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurones within the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus are vital anorexigenic neurones. Both the insulin receptor and leptin receptor are coupled to activation of phosphatidylinositide‐3 kinase (PI3K) to regulate multiple functions that increase POMC neuronal excitability. Using whole‐cell recording in several mammalian species, we have found that both insulin and leptin depolarised POMC neurones via activation of transient receptor potential (TRPC)5 channels. TRPC5 channels have been rigorously characterised as the downstream effector based on their biophysical properties, pharmacological profi...
Source: Journal of Neuroendocrinology - February 18, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: J. Qiu, E. J. Wagner, O. K. R ønnekleiv, M. J. Kelly Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research
Neurosteroidogenesis and progesterone anti ‐inflammatory/neuroprotective effects
Progesterone shows anti‐inflammatory and promyelinating effects in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a commonly used model for multiple sclerosis (MS). Because neurosteroids have been implicated as protective factors for MS and EAE, we analysed the expression of neurosteroidogenic enzymes in the compromised spinal cord of EAE mice. EAE was induced in female C57Bl6 mice, which were then killed on day 16 after induction. Progesterone was given by pellet implantation 1 week before EAE induction. Untreated EAE mice showed decreased mRNAs for the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (Star), voltage...
Source: Journal of Neuroendocrinology - February 18, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: A. F. De Nicola, L. I. Garay, M. Meyer, R. Guennoun, R. Sitruk ‐Ware, M. Schumacher, M. C. Gonzalez Deniselle Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research
Rapid nongenomic modulation by neurosteroids of dendritic spines in the hippocampus: Androgen, oestrogen and corticosteroid
Abstract
Memories are stored in synapses that consist of axon terminals and dendritic spines. Dendritic spines are postsynaptic structures of synapses and are essential for synaptic plasticity and cognition. Therefore, extensive investigations concerning the functions and structures of spines have been performed. Sex steroids and stress steroids have been shown to modulate hippocampal synapses. Although the rapid modulatory action of sex steroids on synapses has been studied in hippocampal neurones over several decades, the essential molecular mechanisms have not been fully understood. Here, a description of kinase‐depen...
Source: Journal of Neuroendocrinology - February 18, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: G. Murakami, Y. Hojo, A. Kato, Y. Komatsuzaki, S. Horie, M. Soma, J. Kim, S. Kawato Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research
Rapid actions of oestrogens and their receptors on memory acquisition and consolidation in females
Increased attention has been paid in recent years to the ways in which oestrogens and oestrogen receptors rapidly affect learning and memory. These rapid effects occur within a timeframe that is too narrow for the classical genomic mode of action of oestrogen, thus suggesting nonclassical effects as underlying mechanisms. The present review examines recent developments in the study of the rapid effects of 17β‐oestradiol and oestrogen receptor (ER) agonists on learning and memory tasks in female rodents, including social recognition, object recognition, object placement (spatial memory) and social learning. By comparing ...
Source: Journal of Neuroendocrinology - February 18, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: P. A. S. Sheppard, W. A. Koss, K. M. Frick, E. Choleris Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research
PELP1: a key mediator of oestrogen signalling and actions in the brain
Proline‐, glutamic acid‐ and leucine‐rich protein 1 (PELP1) is an oestrogen receptor (ER) coregulator protein identified by our collaborative group. Work from our laboratory and others has shown that PELP1 is a scaffold protein that interacts with ERs and kinase signalling factors, as well as proteins involved in chromatin remodelling and DNA repair. Its role in mediating 17β‐oestradiol (E2) signalling and actions has been studied in detail in cancer cells, although only recently has attention turned to its role in the brain. In this review, we discuss the tissue, cellular and subcellular localisation of PELP1 in ...
Source: Journal of Neuroendocrinology - February 18, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: R. Thakkar, G. R. Sareddy, Q. Zhang, R. Wang, R. K. Vadlamudi, D. Brann Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research
Structural and functional characteristics of oestrogen receptor β splice variants: Implications for the ageing brain
Oestrogen receptor (ER)β is a multifunctional nuclear receptor that mediates the actions of oestrogenic compounds. Despite its well defined role in mediating the actions of oestrogens, a substantial body of evidence demonstrates that ERβ has a broad range of physiological functions independent of those normally attributed to oestrogen signalling. These functions can partly be achieved by the activity of several alternatively spliced isoforms that have been identified for ERβ. This short review describes structural differences between the ERβ splice variants that are known to be translated into proteins. Moreover, we di...
Source: Journal of Neuroendocrinology - February 18, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: C. K. Kim, A. Torcaso, A. Asimes, W. C. J. Chung, T. R. Pak Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research
Translocator protein (18 kDa): an update on its function in steroidogenesis
Translocator protein (18 kDa) (TSPO) is a ubiquitous mitochondrial protein. Studies of its responses to drug and endogenous ligands have shown TSPO to be involved either directly or indirectly in numerous biological functions, including mitochondrial cholesterol transport and steroid hormone biosynthesis, porphyrin transport and heme synthesis, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and anion transport. Localised to the outer mitochondrial membrane of steroidogenic cells, TSPO has been shown to associate with cytosolic and mitochondrial proteins as part of a large multiprotein complex involved in mitochondrial cholesterol transpo...
Source: Journal of Neuroendocrinology - February 18, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: V. Papadopoulos, J. Fan, B. Zirkin Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research
