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The Vaginal Microbiome: IV. The Role of Vaginal Microbiome in Reproduction and in Gynecologic Cancers
Conclusions The development of the microbiome research, enabled by molecular-based techniques, has dramatically increased the detection of microorganisms and the understanding of bacterial communities that are relevant to maternal-fetal medicine in health and disease, as well as in gynecological malignancies. Proving causation in cancer is difficult because of the complex interactive nature of potential causative factors. Certain elements of the microbiota have been shown to provoke inflammatory reactions, whereas others produce anti-inflammatory reactions; this balance might be impaired with a change in microbial vari...
Source: Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease - December 23, 2021 Category: OBGYN Tags: Special Section—The Vaginal Microbiome Source Type: research

The Vaginal Microbiome: III. The Vaginal Microbiome in Various Urogenital Disorders
Conclusions The VMB may constitute a biological barrier to pathogenic microorganisms. When the predominance of lactobacilli community is disrupted, there is an increased risk for the acquisition of various vaginal pathogents. Longitudinal studies are needed to describe the association between the host, bacterial, and fungal components of the VMB. (Source: Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease)
Source: Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease - December 23, 2021 Category: OBGYN Tags: Special Section—The Vaginal Microbiome Source Type: research

The Vaginal Microbiome: II. Vaginal Dysbiotic Conditions
Conclusions Bacterial vaginosis displays complex microbiology. The heterogeneity and diversity within the genus Gardnerella may impact the progression of BV. Bacterial biofilms may contribute to the etiology and persistence of BV, and various bacteria may affect its clinical presentation and pathogenicity. Lack of lactobacilli is not always accompanied by an overgrowth of anaerobes. (Source: Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease)
Source: Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease - December 23, 2021 Category: OBGYN Tags: Special Section—The Vaginal Microbiome Source Type: research

The Vaginal Microbiome: I. Research Development, Lexicon, Defining “Normal” and the Dynamics Throughout Women's Lives
Conclusions Understanding how microorganisms inhabiting the vagina interact with each other and with the host is important for a more complete understanding of vaginal health. The clinical application of microbial community sequencing is in its beginning, and its interpretation regarding practical clinical aspects is yet to be determined. (Source: Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease)
Source: Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease - December 23, 2021 Category: OBGYN Tags: Special Section—The Vaginal Microbiome Source Type: research

Lower Genital Tract Microbiome—A Work in Progress
The lower genital tract microbiome is composed of millions upon millions of microbes colonizing this unique anatomical niche reflecting the influence of genetic, biologic, and behavioral factors. Over the last decade, as a result of ever advancing technology and research investment, our knowledge of this complex microbiome ecosystem has grown enormously. All too often such progress remains invisible to practitioners. In this special issue, clinical scientists, in a unique contribution, have bridged the ever-increasing distance between vaginal microbiota science and clinical disease. Approaching a myriad of pathologic entit...
Source: Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease - December 23, 2021 Category: OBGYN Tags: Special Section—The Vaginal Microbiome Source Type: research

Mixed Vaginitis Due to Bacterial Vaginosis and Candidiasis
Conclusions Mixed vaginitis is not uncommon and serves as a significant therapeutic challenge requiring initial dual antimicrobial therapy and additional consideration for long-term antimicrobial therapy. (Source: Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease)
Source: Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease - December 23, 2021 Category: OBGYN Tags: Non-HPV Associated Disease Source Type: research

Desquamative Inflammatory Vaginitis and Plasma Cell Vulvitis Represent a Spectrum of Hemorrhagic Vestibulovaginitis
Conclusions Desquamative inflammatory vaginitis and PCV have overlapping symptoms, signs, and histopathologic features. They may represent a single condition of hemorrhagic vestibulovaginitis with varying manifestations according to location and severity. (Source: Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease)
Source: Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease - December 23, 2021 Category: OBGYN Tags: Non-HPV Associated Disease Source Type: research

“Worse Than Disappointing”: Prediagnostic Health Care Challenges of Women With Inflammatory Vulvar Dermatoses
Conclusions Findings provide unique insights into the challenges women experience before inflammatory vulvar dermatosis diagnosis. This study creates new knowledge exploring the diagnostic journey accompanying inflammatory vulvar dermatoses and contributes practically to clinical and research needs of this understudied population. (Source: Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease)
Source: Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease - December 23, 2021 Category: OBGYN Tags: Non-HPV Associated Disease Source Type: research

The SWIFT Model for Lichen Sclerosus Among Premenarchal Girls
Conclusions The SWIFT model accurately predicts clinical diagnosis of LS in premenarchal girls. Replication in other patient populations is highly encouraged. Awareness of LS is paramount, and an efficient, accurate evaluation tool will prove invaluable in assuring timely diagnosis and treatment for premenarchal patients. (Source: Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease)
Source: Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease - December 23, 2021 Category: OBGYN Tags: Non-HPV Associated Disease Source Type: research

Vulvar Vascular Malformations in Children and Adolescents—A Report of a Rare Entity and Review of the Literature
No abstract available (Source: Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease)
Source: Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease - December 23, 2021 Category: OBGYN Tags: Non-HPV Associated Disease Source Type: research

Impact of Vulvar Cancer Surgery on Quality of Sex Life: A Review of Literature
Conclusions None of the studies had a high level of evidence, and their methodological quality was heterogeneous. More powerful studies using validated questionnaires are necessary. Because this is essential surgery, patients should be informed that if it impacts their sexual life, management strategies will be part of their postoperative care. (Source: Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease)
Source: Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease - December 23, 2021 Category: OBGYN Tags: HPV Associated Disease Source Type: research

Vulvar High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions and Cancer as a Risk Factor for Anal Cancer: A Review
Conclusions Clinicians need be aware that women with vHSIL and VSCC comprise one of the highest-risk groups for ASCC. Inquiring suggestive symptoms of ASCC and a digital anorectal examination can help in the early detection of this type of cancer. (Source: Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease)
Source: Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease - December 23, 2021 Category: OBGYN Tags: HPV Associated Disease Source Type: research

Thermal Ablation of High-Grade Premalignant Disease of the Cervix—Standing the Test of Time: A Retrospective Study
Conclusions Thermal ablation is a safe and effective treatment for HGCIN, which is now shown to have stood the test of time. We advise more widespread adoption in the United Kingdom and globally so long as agreed criteria are met. (Source: Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease)
Source: Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease - December 23, 2021 Category: OBGYN Tags: HPV Associated Disease Source Type: research

Can We Reduce Overtreatment of Cervical High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions?
Objective The aim was to evaluate the cytology, colposcopic, and pathological factors associated with the absence of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL)/cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2–3 lesion on loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) specimens in women with high-grade cytology and/or HSIL/CIN 2–3 biopsy and the risk of disease persistence/recurrence. Materials and Methods Two-center retrospective study of women undergoing LEEP for high-grade cervical disease between January 2014 and December 2019. Clinical, cytology, colposcopy, and pathology results were evaluated to ident...
Source: Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease - December 23, 2021 Category: OBGYN Tags: HPV Associated Disease Source Type: research

Long-Term Multilevel Intervention Impact on Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Rates Spanning the COVID-19 Pandemic
Conclusions This intervention led to continued improvement for on-time HPV vaccination coverage 4 years after intervention completion. Clinical Trial Registration: This trial has been registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (identifier NCT02812732). (Source: Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease)
Source: Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease - December 23, 2021 Category: OBGYN Tags: HPV Associated Disease Source Type: research