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Risks and benefits of transnational exchange of forensic DNA data in the EU: The views of professionals operating the Prüm system
This article discusses the perceived risks and benefits of the Prüm system on the basis of a set of 37 interviews conducted in 22 EU countries, with 47 professionals operating the system (the National Contact Points – NCPs).The perceived benefits relate to the intensification of tools for combating transnational criminality; development of standardisation and harmonisation of forensic DNA testing procedures; and reinforcement of professional cooperation. The perceived risks are associated to the possibility that individuals may be prosecuted on the basis of false positives; the lack of available data to measure the effe...
Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine - October 3, 2019 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research

Ethanol levels in legally autopsied subjects (2016–2017): Update of data and epidemiological implications in relation to violent deaths in Canary Islands (Spain)
Publication date: November 2019Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, Volume 68Author(s): M. Almeida-González, O.P. Luzardo, L.D. Boada, E. Zaragoza, M.J. Meilán, M. Zumbado, L.A. Henríquez-HernándezAbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of ethanol in individuals (277) subjected to a mandatory medico-legal autopsy in the Institute of Legal Medicine of Las Palmas (Canary Islands, Spain) during 2016–2017, comparing the results with data published in 2015. Blood and/or vitreous humor samples were analyzed by gas chromatography. 31.8% of the individuals were positive to ethanol. We observed ...
Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine - October 1, 2019 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research

Inmates beheaded in a Brazil prison riot: human identification by ear individual signs
Publication date: Available online 17 September 2019Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal MedicineAuthor(s): Gilberto Paiva de Carvalho, Yasmin Comoti Vita BantimAbstractDeaths that occur in prisons riots can be by extreme violence. When unrecognizable corpses are referred for examination, the process of human identification is hampered. The aim of this study is to present applicability in human identification by ear individual signs in an inmate beheaded in Brazil prison riot. Ten prisoners died in the rebellion being discussed. Seven corpses had been burned, and three of them were beheaded. For the examination, only two ...
Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine - September 18, 2019 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research

Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids (AAS) Users on AAS Use: Negative Effects, ‘Code of Silence’, and Implications for Forensic and Medical Professionals
Publication date: Available online 18 September 2019Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal MedicineAuthor(s): Andrew Richardson, Georgios A. AntonopoulosAbstractAnabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are image and performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs) that can improve endurance and athletic performance, reduce body fat and stimulate muscle growth. The use of steroids has been studied in the medical and psychological literature, in the sociology of sport, health and masculinity, and relatively recently in criminology. Whilst there is significant medical and psychological evidence on the short term and longer side effects of AAS, t...
Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine - September 18, 2019 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research

Case-specific characteristics of pink teeth in dental autopsies – a systematic review
This study aimed to systematically review case-specific characteristics of dental autopsies that reported the pink tooth phenomenon (PTP). The review was performed in October/2018 and followed PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines. Seven databases were searched as primary study sources (PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, SciELO, Web of Science, Science Direct and Embase) and three (OATD, Open Grey and Open Thesis) were searched for "grey literature". Only descriptive studies were collected, namely case reports and case series. The risk of bias among the studies was assessed with The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool. From each...
Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine - September 18, 2019 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research

Ethanol levels in legally autopsied subjects (2016-2017): update of data and epidemiological implications in relation to violent deaths in Canary Islands (Spain)
Publication date: Available online 11 September 2019Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal MedicineAuthor(s): M. Almeida-González, Luzardo OP, Boada LD, Zaragoza E, Meilán MJ, Zumbado M, L.A. Henríquez-HernándezAbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of ethanol in individuals (277) subjected to a mandatory medico-legal autopsy in the Institute of Legal Medicine of Las Palmas (Canary Islands, Spain) during 2016-2017, comparing the results with data published in 2015. Blood and/or vitreous humor samples were analyzed by gas chromatography. 31.8% of the individuals were positive to ethanol. We observed ...
Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine - September 12, 2019 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research

Discredited theories and court decisions
Publication date: Available online 7 September 2019Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal MedicineAuthor(s): Roger W. Byard (Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine)
Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine - September 8, 2019 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research

Impact of 3D Surface Scanning Protocols on the Os Coxae Digital Data: Implications for Sex and Age-at-death Assessment
Publication date: Available online 5 September 2019Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal MedicineAuthor(s): Anežka Kotěrová, Vlastimil Králík, Rebeka Rmoutilová, Lukáš Friedl, Pavel Růžička, Jana Velemínská, François Marchal, Jaroslav BrůžekAbstractThe 3D imaging technologies have become of paramount importance for example in disciplines such as forensic anthropology and bioarchaeology, where they are being used more and more frequently. There are several new possibilities that they offer; for instance, the easier and faster sharing of data among institutions, the possibility of permanent documentation, or ...
Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine - September 6, 2019 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research

Dental evaluation specificity in orofacial damage assessment: A serial case study
ConclusionThe impact direction may guide clinical examination in detecting permanent impairment, emphasizing temporomandibular joint disorders, as well as their association with psychosocial repercussions. The medical-dental examination is differentiating and relevant to the accomplishment of the general objective of damage assessment. (Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine)
Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine - September 6, 2019 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research

Common errors in writing the cause of death certificate in the Middle East
Publication date: Available online 29 August 2019Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal MedicineAuthor(s): Mohammed Madadin, Aishah S. Alhuman, Naimah A. Bushulaybi, Assayl R. Alotaibi, Hala A. Aldakhil, Arwa Y. Alghamdi, Norah K. Al-Abdulwahab, Shahad Y. Assiri, Nesreen A. Alumair, Fai A. Almulhim, Ritesh G. MenezesAbstractA death certificate is an official document in which the medical practitioner primarily records the cause of death sequence, the time interval between the onset of the cause of death and death, and personal details of the deceased. Errors in death certificate documentation are not uncommon. We aim to rev...
Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine - August 30, 2019 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research

Understanding diversity and distribution of the insect assemblages associated with carrions
Publication date: Available online 29 August 2019Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal MedicineAuthor(s): Yuno Do, Seung Yeon Lee, Ki Wha Chung, Tae-Young MoonAbstract375 case studies from 120 publications published over the last three decades on forensic entomology were reviewed to determine how many carcass-associated insects have been described globally and which species are relatively important among carcass-associated insects. A total of 1213 carcass-associated insects belonging to 91 families of 10 orders were described from 375 case studies in nine habitat types of 30 countries with 24 subjects including humans and ...
Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine - August 29, 2019 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research

Dental evaluation specificity in orofacial damage assessment: a serial case study.
ConclusionThe impact direction may guide clinical examination in detecting permanent impairment, emphasizing temporomandibular joint disorders, as well as their association with psychosocial repercussions. The medical-dental examination is differentiating and relevant to the accomplishment of the general objective of damage assessment. (Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine)
Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine - August 28, 2019 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research

The Indian Dental Litigation Landscape: an Analysis of Judgments on Dental Negligence Claims in Indian Consumer Redressal Forums
ConclusionIndian dental litigation landscape CRF has been described for the first time. We identified that CRF litigation of dental malpractice are few, as compared to procedures performed in India. Oral surgical procedures were often involved and 40% of instances, dentists were guilty and mean compensation awarded was INR 103998±158976. (Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine)
Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine - August 28, 2019 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research

Does Organ Donation Impact on Forensic Outcomes? A Review of Coronial Outcomes and Criminal Trial Proceedings
ConclusionsOrgan donation, where permitted, had limited impact on autopsy evidence and any subsequent court proceedings. Where organ donation was not permitted, autopsy evidence did not significantly alter coronial findings or judicial outcomes. (Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine)
Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine - August 28, 2019 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research

Mental health pathways from a sexual assault centre: A review of the literature
Publication date: Available online 27 August 2019Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal MedicineAuthor(s): C. Brooker, E. Hughes, B. Lloyd-Evans, T. Stefanidou (Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine)
Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine - August 28, 2019 Category: Forensic Medicine Source Type: research