Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Educational gradients in all-cause mortality in two cohorts in the Czech Republic during the early stage of the postcommunist transition
Conclusions The educational gradient in mortality did not differ between the two cohorts (1985 vs 1992), suggesting no major increase in educational inequality during the early stage of postcommunist transition. Further research is needed to understand trends in health inequalities during socioeconomic transitions. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - August 10, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Pauls, C., Dalecka, A., Lu, W., Hubacek, J., Pikhart, H., Bobak, M. Tags: Open access Short reports Source Type: research

Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during landscape fire events and the risk of cardiorespiratory emergency department attendances: a time-series study in Perth, Western Australia
Conclusions Exposure to PM 2.5 concentrations during LFs was associated with an increased risk of all-cause EDA, overall EDA cardiovascular diseases, acute respiratory tract infections and transient ischaemic attacks. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - August 10, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Shirangi, A., Lin, T., Iva'nova', I., Yun, G., Williamson, G. J., Franklin, P., Jian, L., Burch, R., Dewan, A., Santos, B., Eaton, N., Xiao, J. Tags: Original research Source Type: research

Gender-related factors and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidence in women and men: analysis of a population-based cohort study in the Netherlands
Conclusion Gender-related factors were associated with risk of OHCA and contributed substantially to the OHCA burden at the population level, particularly in women. Employment status contributed most to the OHCA burden. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - August 10, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Smits, R. L. A., van Dongen, L. H., Blom, M. T., Tan, H. L., van Valkengoed, I. G. M. Tags: Open access, Editor's choice Original research Source Type: research

Projections of smoking-related cancer mortality in Australia to 2044
Background While many high-income countries including Australia have successfully implemented a range of tobacco control policies, smoking remains the leading preventable cause of cancer death in Australia. We have projected Australian mortality rates for cancer types, which have been shown to have an established relationship with cigarette smoking and estimated numbers of cancer deaths attributable to smoking to 2044. Methods Cancer types were grouped according to the proportion of cases currently caused by smoking: 8%–30% and >30%. For each group, an age–period– cohort model or generalised linear mo...
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - August 10, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Luo, Q., Steinberg, J., Yu, X. Q., Weber, M., Caruana, M., Yap, S., Grogan, P. B., Banks, E., OConnell, D. L., Canfell, K. Tags: Open access Original research Source Type: research

Early-life exposure to economic stress and metabolic risks in young adulthood: the children of the reunification in East Germany
Conclusion The increased metabolic health risks found for women exposed to the postreunification economic crisis in-utero are likely attributable to increased economic stress. While the observed differences are small, they may foreshadow the emergence of greater health disparities in older age. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - August 10, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Bister, L., Janssen, F., Vogt, T. Tags: Original research Source Type: research

Transitioning out of work and metabolic syndrome incidence: a longitudinal study among 13 303 older workers from the Lifelines Cohort Study and Biobank
Conclusion The results suggest that older workers who transition from employment to unemployment or work disability are at risk for developing MetS. More awareness among occupational physicians and general practitioners about MetS incidence in late working life is needed in general and more specific among older workers who transition into unemployment or work disability. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - August 10, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Runge, K., van Zon, S. K. R., Bültmann, U., Henkens, K. Tags: Original research Source Type: research

Biological ageing and the risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among people with diabetes: a prospective cohort study
Conclusions Biological ageing was positively associated with mortality among people with diabetes, indicating therapies targeting antiageing could be encouraged to halt the progression of diabetes. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - August 10, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Chen, L., Yin, X., Zhao, Y., Chen, H., Tan, T., Yao, P., Tang, Y. Tags: Original research Source Type: research

Need for better reporting of trials with surrogate endpoints: SPIRIT|CONSORT-SURROGATE extensions
Evidence for the effectiveness of health interventions should ideally come from randomised trials that assess a participant relevant final outcome (PRFO), such as health status or survival.1 2 However, such trials often require large sample sizes, long follow-up times and are resource intensive and costly.2 Surrogate endpoints or ‘surrogates’ have been used to improve trial efficiency by acting as a proxy and predictor for PRFOs.3 Over the last two decades, drug licensing in the USA and Europe has allowed the use of biomarkers (an objectively measured molecular, histologic, radiographic or physiologic character...
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - August 10, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Ciani, O., Manyara, A., Taylor, R. S. Tags: Open access Commentaries Source Type: research

Sex and gender terminology: a glossary for gender-inclusive epidemiology
There is increased interest in inclusion, diversity and representativeness in epidemiological and community health research. Despite this progress, misunderstanding and conflation of sex and gender have precluded both the accurate description of sex and gender as sample demographics and their inclusion in scientific enquiry aiming to distinguish health disparities due to biological systems, gendered experiences or their social and environmental interactions. The present glossary aims to define and improve understanding of current sex-related and gender-related terminology as an important step to gender-inclusive epidemiolo...
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - July 8, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Rioux, C., Pare, A., London-Nadeau, K., Juster, R.-P., Weedon, S., Levasseur-Puhach, S., Freeman, M., Roos, L. E., Tomfohr-Madsen, L. M. Tags: Glossary Source Type: research

Building health equity through housing policies: critical reflections and future directions for research
Housing may be at once the most powerful and underused tool at our disposal to improve population health. Using examples from the USA, we argue that current levels of housing insecurity are the result of clear and inequitable policy choices, leading to the entrenchment of health inequities—particularly, across race and class. Solutions to housing insecurity must, therefore, be structural. The COVID-19 pandemic has opened a window of opportunity for these structural housing policy reforms. Through justice- and action-oriented research, health researchers can inform the development and implementation of housing policie...
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - July 8, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Leifheit, K. M., Schwartz, G. L., Pollack, C. E., Linton, S. L. Tags: Open access, COVID-19 Essay Source Type: research

Income inequality and population health: a political-economic research agenda
There is more than 30 years of research on relationships between income inequality and population health. In this article, we propose a research agenda with five recommendations for future research to refine existing knowledge and examine new questions. First, we recommend that future research prioritise analyses with broader time horizons, exploring multiple temporal aspects of the relationship. Second, we recommend expanding research on the effect of public expenditures on the inequality–health relationship. Third, we introduce a new area of inquiry focused on interactions between social mobility, income inequality...
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - July 8, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Dunn, J. R., Park, G.-R., Brydon, R., Wolfson, M., Veall, M., Rolheiser, L., Siddiqi, A., Ross, N. A. Tags: Research agenda Source Type: research

Using agent-based modelling to test hypotheses on the role of neighbourhood social mechanisms in the development of small-area health inequalities
Conclusions Hypotheses about the role of neighbourhood social mechanisms can be tested using ABM. The respective models provide a better understanding of mechanisms in the causal chain between environmental stressors and health inequalities. This can pave the way to the development of a new type of neighbourhood-based intervention informed by social mechanisms. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - July 8, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Zolitschka, K. A., Razum, O., Sauzet, O. Tags: Editor's choice Theory and methods Source Type: research

Widening of inequalities in COVID-19 years of life lost from 2020 to 2021: a Scottish Burden of Disease Study
Conclusion Despite a highly impactful vaccination programme in preventing mortality, COVID-19 continues to represent a substantial area of fatal population health loss for which inequalities have widened. Tackling systemic inequalities with effective interventions is required to mitigate further unjust health loss in the Scottish population from COVID-19 and other causes of ill-health and mortality. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - July 8, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Wyper, G. M. A., Fletcher, E., Grant, I., Harding, O., de Haro Moro, M. T., McCartney, G., Stockton, D. L. Tags: COVID-19 Short reports Source Type: research

Trends in healthy life expectancy in the age of austerity
Conclusions Our findings are further evidence of changing levels of pre-pandemic population health in the UK. An increasing body of UK and international evidence have attributed these changes to UK Government austerity policies. There is an urgent need, therefore, to reverse cuts to social security and protect the income and health of the poorest across all of the UK. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - July 8, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Walsh, D., Wyper, G. M. A., McCartney, G. Tags: Open access Short reports Source Type: research

Income and outcomes of patients with incident atrial fibrillation
Conclusions Personal annual income has a significant impact on the incidence of first-ever ischaemic stroke and overall mortality among patients with incident AF, particularly among patients of working age. Low-income indicate the need for intervention strategies to improve outcomes of AF. Trial registration number NCT04645537. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - July 8, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Biancari, F., Teppo, K., Jaakkola, J., Halminen, O., Linna, M., Haukka, J., Putaala, J., Mustonen, P., Kinnunen, J., Hartikainen, J., Aro, A., Airaksinen, J., Lehto, M. Tags: Open access Original research Source Type: research