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Associations between Indonesias national health insurance, effective coverage in maternal health and neonatal mortality: a multilevel interrupted time-series analysis 2000-2017
Background We assessed the effect of Indonesia’s national health insurance programme (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN)) on effective coverage for maternal and child health across geographical regions and population groups. Methods We used four waves of the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey from 2000 to 2017, which included 38 880 women aged 15–49 years and 144 000 birth records. Key outcomes included antenatal and delivery care, caesarean section and neonatal and infant mortality. We used multilevel interrupted time-series regression to examine changes in outcomes after the introduction of the JKN in Jan...
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - November 10, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Marthias, T., McPake, B., Carvalho, N., Millett, C., Anindya, K., Saputri, N. S., Trisnantoro, L., Lee, J. T. Tags: Original research Source Type: research

Characteristics of enrolment in an intensive home-visiting programme among eligible first-time adolescent mothers in England: a linked administrative data cohort study
Conclusion A substantial proportion of first-time adolescent mothers with vulnerability markers were not enrolled in FNP. Variation in enrolment across sites indicates insufficient commissioning of places that is not proportional to level of need, with mothers in areas with large numbers of other adolescent mothers least likely to receive support. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - November 10, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Cavallaro, F. L., Gilbert, R., Wijlaars, L. P., Kennedy, E., Howarth, E., Kendall, S., van der Meulen, J., Calin, M. A., Reed, L., Harron, K. Tags: Open access Original research Source Type: research

Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and readmissions for heart failure among 3660 post-discharge patients with hypertension in older Chinese adults
Conclusion Short-term exposure to ambient NO2 was significantly associated with an increased odds of HF readmissions among post-discharge patients with hypertension in older Chinese adults. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - November 10, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Xu, R., Tian, Q., Wei, J., Ye, Y., Li, Y., Lin, Q., Wang, Y., Liu, L., Shi, C., Xia, W., Liu, Y. Tags: Original research Source Type: research

Neighbourhood natural space and the narrowing of socioeconomic inequality in years of life lost: a cross-sectional ecological analysis of the Scottish Burden of Disease
Conclusions The health benefits of natural space also apply when indicators sensitive to health events at younger ages are used. An increased amount of natural space within local areas has the potential to reduce the disparity in YLL between the most and least income deprived areas—the ‘equigenic’ effect. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - November 10, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Nicholls, N., Caryl, F., Olsen, J. R., Mitchell, R. Tags: Open access, Press releases Original research Source Type: research

Global inequity of COVID-19 diagnostics: challenges and opportunities
Diagnostics for COVID-19 have advanced at an unprecedented pace over the last 2 years. Testing is a critical pillar of pandemic control and is required for epidemiological tracking, treatment and surveillance. Despite high-quality SARS-CoV-2 viral diagnostic capability, there are vast global inequities in access. The Virology, Immunology, and Diagnostics Working Group (WG) of the COVID-19 Clinical Research Coalition (CRC) brings together experts in immunology, infectious diseases and microbiology to advocate for equity-based COVID-19 research, prioritising solutions driven by communities in low-income and lower middle-inco...
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - November 10, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Narayanasamy, S., Okware, B., Muttamba, W., Patel, K., Duedu, K. O., Ravi, N., Ellermeier, N., Shey, M., Woods, C. W., Sabiiti, W., On behalf of the COVID-19 Clinical Research Coalition, Virology, Immunology, and Diagnostics Working Group, Ahidjo, Archary Tags: COVID-19 Commentaries Source Type: research

Non-response and attrition in longitudinal studies
The paper from Taanila and colleagues1 examined the association of cohort study participation with self-reported health and well-being. It hypothesised that participation in cohort studies had a positive impact on self-reported health and well-being. The authors indeed found that those who participated more actively, especially among women, tended to have better self-reported health and well-being. However, as an analysis of association, the causal directionality cannot be established. We could also interpret the observed associations from an opposite perspective, asking the question if health and well-being have any impac...
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - November 10, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Bu, F. Tags: Commentaries Source Type: research

COP27 climate change conference: urgent action needed for Africa and the world
Wealthy nations must step up support for Africa and vulnerable countries in addressing past, present and future impacts of climate change The 2022 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change paints a dark picture of the future of life on earth, characterised by ecosystem collapse, species extinction and climate hazards such as heatwaves and floods.1 These are all linked to physical and mental health problems, with direct and indirect consequences of increased morbidity and mortality. To avoid these catastrophic health effects across all regions of the globe, there is broad agreement—as 231 health journals...
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - November 10, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Zielinski, C., on behalf of the authorship group listed below Tags: Open access Editorials Source Type: research

Epidemiology of green space and health: a walk in the park?
The age-adjusted incidence of many non-communicable diseases (NCDs: allergies, asthma, autoimmune disease, some cancers, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and so on) is rising.1 They are leading causes of hospitalisation and death and many have reached epidemic proportions, with marginalised populations most affected. Causes remain unclear and prevention options are thus often scant or not optimally effective. However, as increases have occurred in recent decades, environmental and lifestyle factors are probably central. Some risk factors are well studied (tobacco, air pollution, diet, phys...
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - November 10, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Douwes, J., Brooks, C. R., Donovan, G. H., Potter, J. D. Tags: Press releases Editorials Source Type: research

Causal inference and effect estimation using observational data
Observational studies aiming to estimate causal effects often rely on conceptual frameworks that are unfamiliar to many researchers and practitioners. We provide a clear, structured overview of key concepts and terms, intended as a starting point for readers unfamiliar with the causal inference literature. First, we introduce theoretical frameworks underlying causal effect estimation methods: the counterfactual theory of causation, the potential outcomes framework, structural equations and directed acyclic graphs. Second, we define the most common causal effect estimands, and the issues of effect measure modification, inte...
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - October 10, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Igelström, E., Craig, P., Lewsey, J., Lynch, J., Pearce, A., Katikireddi, S. V. Tags: Open access Glossary Source Type: research

Impacts of a medical-legal partnership on clinical capacity to address social determinants of health
Conclusion MLPs have the potential to reduce clinician stress and burnout by standing in the gap to assist providers in addressing their patient’s SDOH needs. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - October 10, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Davis, K., Fair, M. L., Buckingham, C., McKinnon, H., Theriot Roley, L., Sease, K. Tags: Short reports Source Type: research

Prenatal and postnatal correlates of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in midlife: evidence from the 1970 British Cohort Study
Conclusions SEP, maternal age, maternal smoking, post-term birth in boys and birth weight were associated with MVPA in midlife, indicating that midlife physical activity behaviours may be partially established at birth. Early interventions in disadvantaged environments may have a positive impact on physical activity throughout the life course. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - October 10, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Blodgett, J. M., Norris, T., Stamatakis, E., O'Donovan, G., Pinto Pereira, S. M., Hamer, M. Tags: Open access Original research Source Type: research

Household income and maternal education in early childhood and activity-limiting chronic health conditions in late childhood: findings from birth cohort studies from six countries
Conclusion We found graded relative risk of ALCHC during later childhood by maternal education and household income during early childhood in all cohorts. Absolute differences in ALCHC were consistently observed between the highest and lowest maternal education and household income levels across cohort populations. Our results support a potential role for generous, universal financial and childcare policies for families during early childhood in reducing the prevalence of activity limiting chronic conditions in later childhood. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - October 10, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Spencer, N. J., Ludvigsson, J., You, Y., Francis, K., Abu Awad, Y., Markham, W., Faresjö, T., Goldhaber-Fiebert, J., Andersson White, P., Raat, H., Mensah, F., Gauvin, L., McGrath, J. J., EPOCH Collaborative Group Tags: Original research Source Type: research

Self-report of chronic diseases in old-aged individuals: extent of agreement with general practitioner medical records in the German AugUR study
Conclusion Self-reports may be an effective tool to assess diabetes and cancer in observational studies in the old and very old aged. In contrast, self-reports on heart failure, musculoskeletal, kidney or lung diseases may be substantially imprecise. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - October 10, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Steinkirchner, A. B., Zimmermann, M. E., Donhauser, F. J., Dietl, A., Brandl, C., Koller, M., Loss, J., Heid, I. M., Stark, K. J. Tags: Open access Original research Source Type: research

Psychotherapy and change in mental health-related work disability: a prospective Finnish population-level register-based study with a quasi-experimental design
Conclusions This study suggests that statutory psychotherapy may decrease work disability at the population level. However, further evidence of causal inference and the potential heterogeneity of the association is required. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - October 10, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Kausto, J., Gluschkoff, K., Turunen, J., Selinheimo, S., Peutere, L., Väänänen, A. Tags: Open access Original research Source Type: research

Perceived discrimination at work: examining social, health and work-related factors as determinants among breast cancer survivors - evidence from the prospective CANTO cohort
Conclusions One in four BC survivors perceives discrimination in the workplace. Health and work-related factors are associated with increased likelihood of reporting perceived discrimination. Trial registration number NCT01993498. (Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health)
Source: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health - October 10, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Ruiz De Azua, G., Vaz-Luis, I., Bovagnet, T., Di Meglio, A., Havas, J., Caumette, E., Martin, E., Pistilli, B., Coutant, C., Cottu, P., Rouanet, P., Arnaud, A., Arsene, O., Ibrahim, M., Wassermann, J., Rouzier, R., Martin, A.-L., Everhard, S., Dumas, A., Tags: Original research Source Type: research