Thyroid hormone regulates protease expression and activation of Notch signaling in implantation and embryo development
A clinical association between thyroid dysfunction and pregnancy complications has been extensively reported; however, the molecular mechanisms through which TH might regulate key events of pregnancy have not been elucidated yet. In this respect, we performed in vivo studies in MMI-induced hypothyroid pregnant mice, evaluating the effect of hypothyroidism on the number of implantation sites, developing embryos/resorptions and pups per litter, at 4.5, 10.5, 18.5 days post-coitum (dpc) and at birth. We also studied the expression of major molecules involved in implantation and placentation, such as the proteases ISPs, MMPs, ...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - December 14, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Piccirilli, D., Baldini, E., Massimiani, M., Camaioni, A., Salustri, A., Bernardini, R., Centanni, M., Ulisse, S., Moretti, C., Campagnolo, L. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Obesity-stimulated aldosterone release is not related to an S1P-dependent mechanism
Aldosterone has been identified as an important factor in obesity-associated hypertension. Here, we investigated whether sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which has previously been linked to obesity, increases aldosterone release. S1P-induced aldosterone release was determined in NCI H295R cells in the presence of S1P receptor (S1PR) antagonists. In vivo release of S1P (100–300 µg/kgbw) was investigated in pithed, lean Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, diet-obese spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs), as well as in lean or obese Zucker rats. Aldosterone secretion was increased in NCI H295R cells by S1P, the selective S1PR1...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - October 27, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Werth, S., Muller-Fielitz, H., Raasch, W. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Protective effect of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside on neonatal porcine islets
In this study, we determined whether C3G could protect neonatal porcine islets (NPI) from reactive oxygen species (H2O2)-induced injury in vitro and promote the function of NPI in diabetic mice. We found that C3G had no deleterious effect on NPI and that C3G protected NPI from damage induced by H2O2. Significantly higher hemeoxygenase-1 (HO1) gene expression was detected in C3G-treated NPI compared to untreated islets before and after transplantation (P < 0.05). Western blot analysis showed a significant increase in the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and phosphatidylinositol ...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - October 20, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Li, C., Yang, B., Xu, Z., Boivin, E., Black, M., Huang, W., Xu, B., Wu, P., Zhang, B., Li, X., Chen, K., Wu, Y., Rayat, G. R. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Ginsenoside Rg3 ameliorated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis through downregulation of STAT5-PPAR{gamma}
In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of ginsenoside Rg3 under pathological conditions in vitro and in vivo. We examined the effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on glucose level, insulin sensitivity and lipogenesis in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6 mice. Ginsenoside Rg3 was also applied to the pre-adipocyte cell line 3T3-L1 to assess the impact on lipogenesis. Ginsenoside Rg3 reduced epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) size and hepatic steatosis, and the amount of triglycerides (TGs) in both eWAT and liver. Similar to the murine model, Rg3-treated 3T3-L1 cells showed a reduction in lipid accumulation and amount of total...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - October 17, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Lee, J.-B., Yoon, S.-J., Lee, S.-H., Lee, M.-S., Jung, H., Kim, T.-D., Yoon, S. R., Choi, I., Kim, I.-S., Chung, S. W., Lee, H. G., Min, J.-K., Park, Y.-J. Tags: Research Source Type: research
SOCS3 expression in SF1 cells regulates adrenal differentiation and exercise performance
Many hormones/cytokines are secreted in response to exercise and cytokine signaling may play a pivotal role in the training adaptations. To investigate the importance of cytokine signaling during vertical ladder climbing, a resistance exercise model, we produced mice lacking SOCS3 protein exclusively in steroidogenic factor-1 (SF1) cells (SF1 Socs3 KO mice). SF1 expression is found in steroidogenic cells of the adrenal cortex and gonads, as well as in neurons of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. Histological markers of the fetal adrenal zone (or X-zone in rodents) were still present in adult males and postpartu...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - October 10, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Pedroso, J. A. B., de Mendonca, P. O. R., Fortes, M. A. S., Tomaz, I., Pecorali, V. L., Auricino, T. B., Costa, I. C., Lima, L. B., Furigo, I. C., Bueno, D. N., Ramos-Lobo, A. M., Lotfi, C. F. P., Donato, J. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Appetite, food intake and gut hormone responses to intense aerobic exercise of different duration
In conclusion, high-intensity aerobic cycling lasting up to 45 min did not suppress subjective appetite or affect absolute food intake, but did reduce relative energy intake, in well-trained endurance athletes. Findings question the role of appetite hormones in regulating subjective appetite in the acute post-exercise period. (Source: Journal of Endocrinology)
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - October 10, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Holliday, A., Blannin, A. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Eplerenone prevented obesity-induced inflammasome activation and glucose intolerance
Obesity-associated activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance; however, influences of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) inhibition remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of MR inhibition using eplerenone, a selective MR antagonist, in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Eplerenone prevented excessive body weight gain and fat accumulation, ameliorated glucose intolerance and insulin resistance and enhanced energy metabolism. In the epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), eplerenone prevented obesity-in...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - September 28, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Wada, T., Ishikawa, A., Watanabe, E., Nakamura, Y., Aruga, Y., Hasegawa, H., Onogi, Y., Honda, H., Nagai, Y., Takatsu, K., Ishii, Y., Sasahara, M., Koya, D., Tsuneki, H., Sasaoka, T. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Food in synchrony with melatonin and corticosterone relieves constant light disturbed metabolism
Circadian disruption is associated with metabolic disturbances such as hepatic steatosis (HS), obesity and type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that HS, resulting from constant light (LL) exposure is due to an inconsistency between signals related to food intake and endocrine-driven suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) outputs. Indeed, exposing rats to LL induced locomotor, food intake and hormone arrhythmicity together with the development of HS. We investigated whether providing temporal signals such as 12-h food availability or driving a corticosterone plus melatonin rhythm could restore rhythmicity and prevent the metabolic distu...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - September 28, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Baez-Ruiz, A., Guerrero-Vargas, N. N., Cazarez-Marquez, F., Sabath, E., Basualdo, M. d. C., Salgado-Delgado, R., Escobar, C., Buijs, R. M. Tags: Research Source Type: research
AIP and the somatostatin system in pituitary tumours
Classic somatostatin analogues aimed at somatostatin receptor type 2, such as octreotide and lanreotide, represent the mainstay of medical treatment for acromegaly. These agents have the potential to decrease hormone secretion and reduce tumour size. Patients with a germline mutation in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein gene, AIP, develop young-onset acromegaly, poorly responsive to pharmacological therapy. In this review, we summarise the most recent studies on AIP-related pituitary adenomas, paying special attention to the causes of somatostatin resistance; the somatostatin receptor profile including type...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - September 22, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Ibanez-Costa, A., Korbonits, M. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Mechanical, hormonal and metabolic influences on blood vessels, blood flow and bone
Bone tissue is highly vascularized due to the various roles bone blood vessels play in bone and bone marrow function. For example, the vascular system is critical for bone development, maintenance and repair and provides O2, nutrients, waste elimination, systemic hormones and precursor cells for bone remodeling. Further, bone blood vessels serve as egress and ingress routes for blood and immune cells to and from the bone marrow. It is becoming increasingly clear that the vascular and skeletal systems are intimately linked in metabolic regulation and physiological and pathological processes. This review examines how agents ...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - September 22, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Prisby, R. D. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Characterization of the human thyroid epigenome
This study generates the first published reference epigenomes for human thyroid from four individuals using ChIP-seq and RNA-seq. We profiled six histone modifications (H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K27ac, H3K36me3, H3K9me3, H3K27me3), identified chromatin states using a hidden Markov model, produced a novel quantitative metric for model selection and established epigenomic maps of 19 chromatin states. We found that epigenetic features characterizing promoters and transcription elongation tend to be more consistent than regions characterizing enhancers or Polycomb-repressed regions and that epigenetically active genes consistent acr...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - September 4, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Siu, C., Wiseman, S., Gakkhar, S., Heravi-Moussavi, A., Bilenky, M., Carles, A., Sierocinski, T., Tam, A., Zhao, E., Kasaian, K., Moore, R. A., Mungall, A. J., Walker, B., Thomson, T., Marra, M. A., Hirst, M., Jones, S. J. M. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Antenatal/early postnatal hypothyroidism alters arterial tone regulation in 2-week-old rats
In conclusion, thyroid hormones deficiency suppresses the anticontractile effect of NO and potentiates the procontractile Rho-kinase effects in mesenteric arteries of 2-week-old pups. Such alterations disturb perinatal cardiovascular homeostasis and might lead to cardiovascular pathologies in adulthood. (Source: Journal of Endocrinology)
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - September 4, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Sofronova, S. I., Gaynullina, D. K., Shvetsova, A. A., Borzykh, A. A., Selivanova, E. K., Kostyunina, D. S., Sharova, A. P., Martyanov, A. A., Tarasova, O. S. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Conditional deletion of ELL2 induces murine prostate intraepithelial neoplasia
Elongation factor, RNA polymerase II, 2 (ELL2) is an RNA Pol II elongation factor with functional properties similar to ELL that can interact with the prostate tumor suppressor EAF2. In the prostate, ELL2 is an androgen response gene that is upregulated in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We recently showed that ELL2 loss could enhance prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration, and that ELL2 gene expression was downregulated in high Gleason score prostate cancer specimens. Here, prostate-specific deletion of ELL2 in a mouse model revealed a potential role for ELL2 as a prostate tumor suppressor in vivo. Ell2-knoc...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - September 4, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Pascal, L. E., Masoodi, K. Z., Liu, J., Qiu, X., Song, Q., Wang, Y., Zang, Y., Yang, T., Wang, Y., Rigatti, L. H., Chandran, U., Colli, L. M., Vencio, R. Z. N., Lu, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, Z. Tags: Research Source Type: research
The thermogenic effect of nesfatin-1 requires recruitment of the melanocortin system
Nesfatin-1 is a bioactive polypeptide expressed both in the brain and peripheral tissues and involved in the control of energy balance by reducing food intake. Central administration of nesfatin-1 significantly increases energy expenditure, as demonstrated by a higher dry heat loss; yet, the mechanisms underlying the thermogenic effect of central nesfatin-1 remain unknown. Therefore, in this study, we sought to investigate whether the increase in energy expenditure induced by nesfatin-1 is mediated by the central melanocortin pathway, which was previously reported to mediate central nesfatin-1's effects on feeding and nume...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - September 4, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Dore, R., Levata, L., Gachkar, S., Johren, O., Mittag, J., Lehnert, H., Schulz, C. Tags: Research Source Type: research
The impact of IUGR on pancreatic islet development and {beta}-cell function
Placental insufficiency is a primary cause of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). IUGR increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) throughout life, which indicates that insults from placental insufficiency impair β-cell development during the perinatal period because β-cells have a central role in the regulation of glucose tolerance. The severely IUGR fetal pancreas is characterized by smaller islets, less β-cells, and lower insulin secretion. Because of the important associations among impaired islet growth, β-cell dysfunction, impaired fetal growth, and the propensity for T2DM...
Source: Journal of Endocrinology - September 4, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Boehmer, B. H., Limesand, S. W., Rozance, P. J. Tags: Review Source Type: research
