Food Insecurity and Stress Among Rural Residents in South Carolina: The Moderating Influences of Household Characteristics, Neighborhood Social Environment and Food Environment
This study examines the relationship between food insecurity and stress, and the moderating influence of household characteristics, neighborhood social environment and food environment on this relationship, using a sample of 630 rural South Carolina (SC) residents during COVID-19. Two measures of stress were used in this study: current levels of stress and changes in stress since COVID-19. Results showed a gradient pattern between food insecurity and stress: rural residents with high food insecurity were 6.1 times more likely and those with moderate food insecurity were 3.4 times more likely to report higher level of gener...
Source: Journal of Community Health - May 26, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Firearm Mortality Among Pre-school Age Children, 2010 –2020
AbstractFirearms are a substantial cause of death for pre-school children (ages 0 –5 years). The purpose of this study was to characterize fatal firearm violence in this age group. The Web-Based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS) data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) were analyzed for the years 2010–2020. There were 1,220 firearm d eaths during the study period with a 75% increase in the rate of deaths per 100,000 population. Most deaths (two-thirds) were among males. Non-Hispanic Blacks comprised 56.4% of all deaths in 2020, a 172% increase from 2010 and the rate for non-Hi...
Source: Journal of Community Health - May 26, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Women ’s Health Maintenance Efforts at a Student-Run Free Clinic in South Florida Exceeded National Trends During the COVID-19 Pandemic
In conclusion, adherence remained steady during the pandemic and was not subject to the declines seen nationally. Our clinic represents an effective model for promoting women ’s health maintenance and tempering the disparities seen among women of low socioeconomic status. (Source: Journal of Community Health)
Source: Journal of Community Health - May 26, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Analysis of Socio-demographic, Economic and Individual Reasons for COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy in Ecuador: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study
This study investigated socio-demographics, economic, and individual reasons associated with a person having “no intention” to receive COVID-19 vaccine across the study period of October 2021 to March 2022. The survey revealed an increase of unvaccinated people having no intention of COVID-19 vaccination from 57.4% (October-December 2021) to 72.9% (January-March 2022). COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was de pendent on factors like sex, age and ethnicity. Socio-economic characteristics and education level were not found to be statistically significant in lack of vaccine intention, but most vaccination hesitancy was due to di...
Source: Journal of Community Health - May 26, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Adolescent Obesity and Type Two Diabetes in Young Adults in the Minority Muslim Bedouin Population in Southern Israel
AbstractMinority populations suffer from adolescent obesity at increasing rates and develop diabetes type 2 at a younger age. To assess the prevalence of adolescent obesity in the minority Bedouin population of Israel and its association with obesity and diabetes type 2 during young adulthood. A retrospective cohort study, based on computerized medical records. The study cohort was comprised of Bedouin adolescents, born in 1988 –1990, who had BMI measurements at ages 14–19 years in their medical records (N = 3310). The prevalence of obesity was 17.3% in middle adolescence, and 9.6% in late adolescence. The ORs for...
Source: Journal of Community Health - May 26, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Community Health Workers as Puentes/Bridges to Increase COVID-19 Health Equity in Latinx Communities of the Southwest U.S.
This study documents the pivotal role that Community Health Workers (CHW) played while supporting underserved Latinx communities affected by COVID-19-related health inequities. With the support of CHWs ’ agencies historically serving three Latinx-dense counties in Arizona, we recruited CHWs who participated in a state-wide COVID-19 testing project. Using phenomenology and narrative qualitative research methods, five focus groups were facilitated in Spanish between August and November 2021. Bilin gual research team members conducted the analysis of the Spanish verbatim transcripts and CHWs reviewed the results for validit...
Source: Journal of Community Health - May 26, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Disparities in Asthma Rates Amongst Black Residents of New York City
This study shows that asthma prevalence is higher amongst US-born Black NYC residents than foreign-born, which may indicate that the healthcare needs of the foreign-born may be different from that of the native-born. Further studies are needed to elucidate this result fully. (Source: Journal of Community Health)
Source: Journal of Community Health - May 26, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Comparing Message Appeals Employed in Efforts to Prevent E-cigarette Use Among Students in a US University
AbstractCollege students tend to underestimate the risk associated with e-cigarette use while overestimating the prevalence of this behavior. The purpose of this study was to compare the perceived effectiveness of social norms messages to other theoretical appeals regarding the prevention of e-cigarette use. Researchers surveyed 586 college students who assessed five messages. Different appeals were featured in each message. A Rasch Rating Scale Model (RSM) was used to calibrate students' responses to seven items assessing each communication message. The results from the multiple regression models revealed that vape-users ...
Source: Journal of Community Health - May 26, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in an Underrepresented Minority Community
AbstractTo assess factors influencing acceptability of COVID-19 vaccine in a population of predominantly indigent, minority, pregnant and non-pregnant people of reproductive age. Cross-sectional survey using a modified Health Belief model administered between January 2021 and January 2022 at four hospitals in Brooklyn. Participants included English-speaking reproductive aged persons attending clinics at the participating sites. Descriptive and univariate data analyses were used for analysis. 283 eligible reproductive persons were approached of whom 272 completed the survey (96%). Three quarters said they would take the vac...
Source: Journal of Community Health - May 26, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Parental and Other Caregiver Loss Due to COVID-19 in the United States: Prevalence by Race, State, Relationship, and Child Age
AbstractThe more than one million COVID-19 deaths in the United States include parents, grandparents, and other caregivers for children. These losses can disrupt the social, emotional, and economic well-being of children, their families, and their communities, and understanding the number and characteristics of affected children is a critical step in responding. We estimate the number of children who lost a parent or other co-residing caregiver to COVID-19 in the U.S. and identify racial, ethnic, and geographic disparities by aligning COVID-19 death counts through mid-May 2022 with household information from a representati...
Source: Journal of Community Health - May 26, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Factors of Overweight and Obesity Among Employees of Petrochemical Manufacturing Companies
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of overweight/obesity and examine the association between overweight/obesity and lifestyle habits among employees of petrochemical manufacturing companies in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A total of 1000 employees were surveyed. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to predict odds ratios for obesity. About 47% of the sample was normal weight, while 28.5% was overweight and 21.2% was obese. Four factors were found to be predictive of obesity: feelings about weight, age, marital status, and childhood region. More than 52% of employees reported being happy with their w...
Source: Journal of Community Health - May 26, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Interpersonal Firearm Injury and Death in Portland, Oregon: 2018 Through 2021
AbstractThe annual number of firearm injuries in Portland, Oregon has been higher in the years since 2020 than in any prior year in the city ’s history. This descriptive study analyzed data from Gun Violence Archives (GVA) from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2021. All incidents in GVA of interpersonal firearm injury that occurred in Portland during this period were analyzed for location, number of people injured or killed, and demogr aphic information for those injured or killed. Comparisons in firearm injury rates were made with Seattle and San Francisco. Interpersonal firearm injuries began to rise after the first CO...
Source: Journal of Community Health - May 26, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
A Review of Interventions for Drowning Prevention Among Adults
This study updates the evidence base for public health interventions that address adult fatal and non-fatal drowning. A systematic review was undertaken of the peer-reviewed literature for English-language primary studies published between 2011 and 2021describing a drowning intervention with adults. Twenty-two studies were included. Most studies (n = 16) were conducted in high-income countries. Yearly trends in drowning prevention intervention publications were analysed with 2015 (n = 6) the peak publishing year. Over half of the study designs were pre-post (n = 15). Intervention duration ranged from 4 hours t...
Source: Journal of Community Health - May 26, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
The Role of Physician Advocacy in Supporting Policy Change That Reduces Leaded Aviation Gasoline Emissions
DiscussionUltimately, the identified objective of an unleaded fuel tank was added to the San Diego City budget and scheduled for construction. We hope our actions can serve as a framework to provide concrete steps for clinicians and other advocates to enact change in their communities. (Source: Journal of Community Health)
Source: Journal of Community Health - May 26, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
Mask Adherence to Mask Mandate: College Campus Versus the Surrounding Community
This study, completed on and around the campus of East Tennessee State University in Washington County TN, was able to pivotally extract information regarding increased adherence on campus versus the surrounding community. Changes were also seen when mask mandates were implemented and when they expired. (Source: Journal of Community Health)
Source: Journal of Community Health - May 26, 2023 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: research
