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Probiotics for the Prevention of Antibiotic-associated Diarrhea in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials
Conclusions: This updated meta-analysis suggested that using probiotics as early as possible during antibiotic therapy has a positive and safe effect on preventing AAD in adults. Further studies should focus on the optimal dosage and duration of probiotics to develop a specific recommendation. (Source: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology - June 10, 2021 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Clinical Reviews Source Type: research

Understanding the GERD Barrier
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is steadily increasing in incidence and now affects 18% to 28% of the population in the United States. A thorough understanding of the pathophysiology underlying this disease is necessary to improve the current standard of care. Most GERD pathophysiology models focus on the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) as the key element which prevents esophageal reflux. More recent research has highlighted the crural diaphragm (CD) as an additional critical component of the GERD barrier. We now know that the CD actively relaxes when the distal esophagus is distended and contracts when the stomach...
Source: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology - June 10, 2021 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Clinical Reviews Source Type: research

The Efficacy of Simethicone With Polyethylene Glycol for Bowel Preparation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Background: Simethicone (SIM) is a commonly used antifoaming agent in the clinic. However, it has not been clarified whether SIM can improve the quality of intestinal preparation and the detection rates of adenomas (ADR) and polyps (PDR). This systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out to mainly evaluate the effect of SIM in bowel preparation for colonoscopy. Materials and Methods: An electronic and a manual search of the literature for studies was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science in all published data before February 1, 2020. The primary outcomes were the quality of bowel preparation an...
Source: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology - June 10, 2021 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Online Article: Clinical Review Source Type: research

World Gastroenterology Organisation (WGO) News and Events
No abstract available (Source: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology - June 10, 2021 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: WGO News Source Type: research

Liver Stiffness Measured by Either Magnetic Resonance or Transient Elastography Is Associated With Liver Fibrosis and Is an Independent Predictor of Outcomes Among Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Conclusion: LS measurement with either TE or MRE can accurately detect advanced fibrosis and offers additional prognostic value beyond existing serologic predictive tools. (Source: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology - April 16, 2021 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Liver, Pancreas & Biliary Tract: Original Articles Source Type: research

Disparities in Liver Cancer Surveillance Among People With Disabilities: A National Database Study in Korea
Conclusions: Despite the availability of a national liver cancer surveillance program, a marked disparity was found in liver cancer surveillance participation, especially among people with severe disabilities, renal disease, or brain-related or mental disabilities. (Source: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology - April 16, 2021 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Liver, Pancreas & Biliary Tract: Original Articles Source Type: research

Renal Failure is Associated With Increased Mortality and Hospital Utilization in Patients Admitted With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Conclusions: The prevalence of renal failure in NASH hospitalizations is associated with markedly increased mortality, hospital costs, and length of stay. As a result, clinicians should be vigilant in treating kidney failure in this population. (Source: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology - April 16, 2021 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Liver, Pancreas & Biliary Tract: Original Articles Source Type: research

Use of Small Bowel Ultrasound to Predict Response to Infliximab Induction in Pediatric Crohn’s Disease
Goal: The goal of this study was to explore the utility of small bowel ultrasound (SBUS) as a noninvasive tool to assess induction response to infliximab (IFX) in pediatric Crohn’s disease (CD). Background: Inflammatory bowel disease management has shifted to a treat-to-target and tight control strategy utilizing noninvasive serum and fecal markers to monitor disease activity in response to therapy. Bowel wall changes as seen on cross-sectional imaging may be a more accurate marker of treatment success. Materials and Methods: Pediatric patients with CD with small bowel involvement initiating IFX were pr...
Source: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology - April 16, 2021 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Alimentary Tract: Original Articles Source Type: research

Associations of Abdominal Pain and Psychosocial Distress Measures With Health-Related Quality-of-Life in Pediatric Healthy Controls and Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Conclusions: Multiple psychosocial distress measures, including somatization, were associated with HRQOL in children with IBS; HRQOL in HC was driven consistently by somatization, to the exclusion of other psychosocial concerns. The associations of somatization and functional disability with HRQOL are distinctly different between HC and IBS. This knowledge supports utilization of psychosocial interventions to improve overall well-being for children with IBS. (Source: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology - April 16, 2021 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Alimentary Tract: Original Articles Source Type: research

IBS Patients’ Treatment Expectancy and Motivation Impacts Quality of the Therapeutic Alliance With Provider: Results of the IBS Outcome Study
Conclusion: When managing IBS, a focus on dynamic factors of treatment motivation, social support, and treatment expectancy may be useful in improving the quality of the therapeutic alliance between patient and clinical gastroenterologist. (Source: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology - April 16, 2021 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Alimentary Tract: Original Articles Source Type: research

A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials on the Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Adults and Children
Conclusions: This meta-analysis showed that budesonide 1 mg orodispersible tablet twice daily was the best treatment for EoE, as it was the most effective. This treatment remained the optimal approach in adult patients, whereas fluticasone was the best treatment in pediatric patients. (Source: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology - April 16, 2021 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Alimentary Tract: Original Articles Source Type: research

Hepatitis B Reactivation: A Review of Clinical Guidelines
Hepatitis B virus reactivation (HBVr) can occur spontaneously, but more often occurs when a patient is in an immunocompromised state or on immunosuppressive therapy. HBVr can lead to clinical hepatitis, acute liver failure, and even death. HBVr is preventable with screening of at-risk patients and initiation of prophylactic antiviral therapy for appropriate candidates. Screening for hepatitis B virus is recommended for all patients who plan to initiate immunosuppressive therapy. An individual’s serological profile, underlying disease, and planned type of immunosuppression contribute to their risk of HBVr. This review ser...
Source: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology - April 16, 2021 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Clinical Reviews Source Type: research

Association Between Helicobacter pylori Colonization and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Conclusions: In this meta-analysis, all statistical data support the theory that H. pylori has a protective role in IBD. However, more primary studies using proper methodology are needed to confirm this association. (Source: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology - April 16, 2021 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Clinical Reviews Source Type: research

Jackhammer Esophagus: Current Concepts and Dilemmas
Jackhammer esophagus (JE) is a recently recognized esophageal motility disorder that is characterized by hypercontractile peristalsis. More than 500 cases have been reported in the literature. Among patients referred for esophageal motility disorders, the prevalence of JE ranges from 0.42% to 9%, with most series describing a prevalence of 2% to 4%. Most cases are women (60.5%). The mean reported age of patients with JE is 65.2 years, and patients commonly have dysphagia (62.8%). Reflux symptoms occur in ∼40% of patients, and chest pain affects more than one-third of patients (36.4%). JE is a heterogenous disorder that i...
Source: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology - April 16, 2021 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Clinical Reviews Source Type: research

The Efficacy and Safety of Hemospray for the Management of Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Conclusions: Hemospray is highly effective in achieving immediate hemostasis in gastrointestinal bleeding. However, due to significantly high rebleeding rates, Hemospray is not suited for definitive long-term therapy. (Source: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology)
Source: Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology - April 16, 2021 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Online Article: Original Article Source Type: research