The Water-Fat Separation Method for Determining the Fat-free Component of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Humans: A Brief Review
Fat-free mass as well as lean soft tissue mass is a surrogate for skeletal muscle mass and is often used for the normalization of several physiological variables or for the diagnosing of low muscle mass in older adults. However, both fat-free mass and lean tissue mass include nonskeletal muscle components such as the fat-free component of adipose tissue fat cells. A technique known as water-fat MRI provides a noninvasive and radiation-free assessment of the fat-free component of adipose tissue in humans. (Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry)
Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry - January 21, 2019 Category: Radiology Authors: Takashi Abe, Zachary W. Bell, Scott J. Dankel, Vickie Wong, Robert W. Spitz, Jeremy P. Loenneke Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Feasibility of Opportunistic Screening for Low Thoracic Bone Mineral Density in Patients Referred for Routine Cardiac CT
Despite being a frequent and treatable disease, osteoporosis remains under-diagnosed worldwide. Our study aim was to characterize the bone mineral density (BMD) status in a group of patients with symptoms suggestive of coronary artery disease (CAD) with low/intermediate risk profile undergoing routine cardiac computed tomography (CT) to rule out CAD. This cross-sectional study used prospectively acquired data from a large consecutively included cohort. Participants were referred for cardiac CT based on symptoms of CAD. (Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry)
Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry - January 19, 2019 Category: Radiology Authors: Josephine Therkildsen, Simon Winther, Louise Nissen, Hanne S. J ørgensen, Jesper Thygesen, Per Ivarsen, Lars Frost, Bente L. Langdahl, Ellen-Margrethe Hauge, Morten Böttcher Source Type: research
Statistical Models to Assess Leg Muscle Mass in Ambulatory Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy Using Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a movement disorder associated with small and weak muscles. Methods that accurately assess muscle mass in children with CP are scarce. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) accurately estimates midleg muscle mass in ambulatory children with spastic CP. Ambulatory children with spastic CP and typically developing children 5-11 y were studied (n = 15/group). Fat-free soft tissue mass (FFST) and fat mass at the middle third of the tibia (i.e., midleg) were estimated using DXA. (Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry)
Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry - January 18, 2019 Category: Radiology Authors: Chuan Zhang, Daniel G. Whitney, Harshvardhan Singh, Jill M. Slade, Ye Shen, Freeman Miller, Christopher M. Modlesky Source Type: research
Fat Mass Does Not Increase the Precision Error of Trabecular Bone Score Measurements
Introduction: Trabecular bone score (TBS) is an indirect index of trabecular microarchitecture derived from lumbar spine dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Previous phantom study showed that an increase in soft tissue thickness does not affect TBS reproducibility. We investigated the effect of increasing body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference on TBS precision error on patients, compared to bone mineral density (BMD). Methodology: A population of postmenopausal Caucasian women was distributed in 3 different BMI (normal, overweight, and class I obesity), plus 2 further groups based on waist circumference diameter ( ≤...
Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry - January 17, 2019 Category: Radiology Authors: Carmelo Messina, Ciriaco Buonomenna, Giorgia Menon, Sandro Magnani, Domenico Albano, Salvatore Gitto, Fabio Massimo Ulivieri, Luca Maria Sconfienza Source Type: research
The Correction of Systematic Error due to Plaster and Fiberglass Casts on HR-pQCT Bone Parameters Measured In Vivo at the Distal Radius
Due to difficulty assessing healing of distal radius fractures using conventional radiography, there is interest in using high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) to track healing at the microarchitectural level. Unfortunately, the plaster-of-Paris and fiberglass casts used to immobilize fractures affect HR-pQCT measurements due to beam hardening, and increased noise. The challenge is compounded because casts have variable thickness, and an individual patient will often have their cast changed 2 –3 times during the course of treatment. (Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry)
Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry - January 16, 2019 Category: Radiology Authors: Danielle E. Whittier, Sarah L. Manske, Steven K. Boyd, Prism S. Schneider Source Type: research
Hypophosphatasia in Adults: Clinical Spectrum and Its Association With Genetics and Metabolic Substrates
Background: Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare metabolic bone disorder caused by mutations in the alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) gene, and characterized by low circulating alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels and bone, muscle, dental and systemic manifestations. In this case series we investigate the clinical spectrum, genetic and biochemical profile of adult HPP patients from the University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium. Methodology: Adults with HPP were identified through medical record review. Inclusion criteria were: (1) age ≥ 16 yr; (2) consecutively low ALP levels not explained by secondary causes; (3) one or more of the follo...
Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry - January 14, 2019 Category: Radiology Authors: Eveline Lefever, Peter Witters, Evelien Gielen, Annick Vanclooster, Wouter Meersseman, Eva Morava, David Cassiman, Micha ël R. Laurent Source Type: research
Effect of Sunlight Exposure on Vitamin D Status of Individuals Living in a Nursing Home and Their Own Homes
Introduction/background: The present study was carried out to determine prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and related factors in individuals living in nursing home and their own homes. Methodology: This cross-sectional study included 72 elderly people 60 yr and older. All subjects were given a questionnaire form evaluating their individual characteristics, eating habits which affected their vitamin D status, wearing habits, and their duration of sun exposure and a Standardized Mini Mental Test evaluating their cognitive levels. (Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry)
Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry - January 14, 2019 Category: Radiology Authors: F. Okan, S. Okan, H. Zincir Source Type: research
Measurement of Visceral Adipose Tissue in Persons With Spinal Cord Injury by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry: Generation and Application of a Predictive Equation
Purpose: Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) permits quantification of visceral adipose tissue (VAT). However, DXA has not been validated against MRI in persons with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). A predictive equation was generated from the measurement of VAT by MRI, a “gold” standard to quantitate VAT, compared to that of DXA, a method with several practical advantages. Method: DXA and MRI scans were performed in 27 participants with SCI. MRI multiaxial images were captured for VAT analysis. (Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry)
Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry - January 9, 2019 Category: Radiology Authors: Liron S. McCauley, Mina P. Ghatas, Ryan M. Sumrell, Christopher M. Cirnigliaro, Steven C. Kirshblum, William A Bauman, Ashraf S. Gorgey Source Type: research
CT-Based Evaluation of Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis in Adult Population; Prevalence, Associations and Interobserver Agreement
Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), being an asymptomatic condition, is generally discovered incidentally on imaging and it has not received much attention for research on clinical grounds. We assessed the prevalence of DISH, its associated factors, and interobserver agreement for computed tomography (CT)-based diagnosis of DISH. CT scans of chest, abdomen, and pelvis performed for various clinical indications were retrospectively reviewed. Resnick criteria were used for the diagnosis of DISH. (Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry)
Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry - December 22, 2018 Category: Radiology Authors: Hatem Adel, Sohail Ahmed Khan, Syed Omair Adil, Farheen Huda, Usman Khanzada, Murli Manohar, Kamran Masood Source Type: research
Fat Mass Ratio in Brazilian HIV-infected Patients Under Antiretroviral Therapy and Its Relationship With Anthropometric Measurents
This study aimed to establish sex-specific reference values for fat mass ratio and to correlate them with anthropometric measurements for the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus-related lipodystrophy. (Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry)
Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry - December 10, 2018 Category: Radiology Authors: Amanda Bicudo Bruno Nogueira, Juliana Mendes Abreu, Mariana Mesquita Villela, Ana Elisa Boracini Sanchez, Beatriz Silva Chaves, Sergio Setubal, Luis Guillermo Coca Velarde, Rubens Antunes da Cruz Filho, Giovanna Aparecida Balarini Lima, Debora Vieira Soar Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
The Relationship Between Breast Density, Bone Mineral Density, and Metabolic Syndrome Among Postmenopausal Turkish Women ✰
The relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and menopause remains unclear. The effects of MetS on breast and bone density in this group of women are also not fully elucidated. Herein, we aimed to investigate the relationship between components of the MetS, mammographic breast density (MBD), and vertebral/femoral bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal Turkish women. The study group consisted of postmenopausal women with MetS whereas controls postmenopausal women without MetS. All consecutive women who applied to our center for routine postmenopausal follow up and met the inclusion criteria, between July 2013 an...
Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry - December 5, 2018 Category: Radiology Authors: Meryem Kuru Pekcan, Rahime Bedir Findik, Aytekin Tokmak, Yasemin Ta şçi Tags: Orginal Article Source Type: research
Progressive Sublesional Bone Loss Extends into the Second Decade After Spinal Cord Injury
Objective: The rate of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) loss at the knee (distal femur (DF) and proximal tibia ) and hip (femoral neck (FN) and total hip (TH)) was determined in persons with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) who were stratified into subgroups based on time since injury (TSI). Design: Cross-sectional retrospective review. Setting: Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Private Rehabilitation Hospital. Participants: Data on 105 individuals with SCI (TSI ≤12 months, n = 19; TSI 1–5 years, n = 35; 6–10 years, n = 19; TSI 11–20 years, n = 16; TSI>20 years, n = 15) and 1...
Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry - November 29, 2018 Category: Radiology Authors: Christopher M. Cirnigliaro, Mary Jane Myslinski, Pierre Asselin, Joshua C. Hobson, Adam Specht, Michael F. La Fountaine, Steven C. Kirshblum, Gail F. Forrest, Trevor Dyson-Hudson, Ann M. Spungen, William A. Bauman Source Type: research
DXA-Based 3D Analysis of the Cortical and Trabecular Bone of Hip Fracture Postmenopausal Women: A Case-Control Study
Methods using statistical shape and appearance models have been proposed to analyze bone mineral density (BMD) in 3D from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. This paper presents a retrospective case-control study assessing the association of DXA-derived 3D measurements with osteoporotic hip fracture in postmenopausal women. Patients who experienced a hip fracture between 1 and 6 years from baseline and age-matched controls were included in this study. The 3D-SHAPER software (version 2.7, Galgo Medical, Barcelona, Spain) was used to derive 3D analysis from hip DXA scans at baseline. (Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry)
Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry - November 28, 2018 Category: Radiology Authors: Ludovic Humbert, Alexis Bagu é, Silvana Di Gregorio, Renaud Winzenrieth, Xavier Sevillano, Miguel Ángel González Ballester, Luis Del Rio Source Type: research
FRAX 10-yr Fracture Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis —Assessments With and Without Bone Mineral Density May Lead to Very Different Results in the Individual Patient
Objectives: FRAX is a computer-based algorithm developed by the World Health Organisation for estimation of the 10-yr risk of a hip or major osteoporotic fracture. Inclusion of femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) in the estimation is optional. The study aimed to investigate the intra-individual agreement between FRAX fracture risk calculated with and without BMD in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: Clinical data and BMD results from 50 RA patients registered in the Danish rheumatology registry (DANBIO) were used for analysis. (Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry)
Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry - November 27, 2018 Category: Radiology Authors: Karen Dombestein Elde, Ole Rintek Madsen Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Improving Bone Mineral Density Assessment Using Spectral Detector CT
Introduction: Bone mineral density (BMD) analysis by Dual-Energy x-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) can have some false negatives due to overlapping structures in the projections. Spectral Detector CT (SDCT) can overcome these limitations by providing volumetric information. We investigated its performance for BMD assessment and compared it to DXA and phantomless volumetric bone mineral density (PLvBMD), the latter known to systematically underestimate BMD. DXA is the current standard for BMD assessment, while PLvBMD is an established alternative for opportunistic BMD analysis using CT. (Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry)
Source: Journal of Clinical Densitometry - November 26, 2018 Category: Radiology Authors: Steven Van Hedent, Kuan-Hao Su, David W. Jordan, Brendan Eck, Fan Liang, Rivka Kessner, Jung-Wen Kuo, Nico Buls, Paul Klahr, Pablo Ros, Raymond F. Muzic Source Type: research
