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Changes in Shear Modulus of the Lumbar Multifidus Muscle During Different Body Positions
The objective of this study is to evaluate localized force production capability in multifidus muscle using ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) in healthy individuals. Three different body positions were considered: lying prone, sitting up, and sitting up with the right arm lifted. These positions were chosen to progressively increase multifidus contraction and to minimize body motion during measurements. Shear modulus was measured at the superficial and deeper layers of the multifidus. Repeatability and possible sources of error of the shear modulus measurements were analyzed. Multifidus shear modulus (median (interq...
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - May 6, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Using Torque-Angle and Torque –Velocity Models to Characterize Elbow Mechanical Function: Modeling and Applied Aspects
Characterization of muscle mechanism through the torque-angle and torque –velocity relationships is critical for human movement evaluation and simulation. in vivo determination of these relationships through dynamometric measurements and modeling is based on physiological and mathematical aspects. However, no investigation regarding the effects of the mathematical mode l and the physiological parameters underneath these models was found. The purpose of the current study was to compare the capacity of various torque-angle and torque–velocity models to fit experimental dynamometric measurement of the elbow and provide me...
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - May 6, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Transepidermal Potential of the Stretched Skin
The electrical response of the skin to mechanical stretches is reported here. The electrical potential difference across the epidermis, i.e., transepidermal potential (TEP) of porcine skin samples subjected to cyclic stretching, was measured in real time to observe electrochemical change in epidermal tissue. In addition to a conventional method of TEP measurement for the whole of skin sample, a probe-type system with a fine-needle salt bridge was used for direct measurement of TEP at a targeted local point of the skin. TEP decreased with the increased mechanical stretches, and the change of TEP was found to be mostly occur...
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - May 6, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering: Legacy Paper 2018
TheJournal of Biomechanical Engineering has contributed to biomechanical engineering field since 1977. To honor papers published at least 30  years that have had a long-lasting impact on the field, the Editors now recognize “Legacy Papers.” The journal is pleased to present the following paper as this year's Legacy Paper: (Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering)
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - May 3, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

2018 Editors' Choice Papers
As part of the Annual Special Issue, the JBME Associate Editors selected the top papers published in the journal during 2018. Those Editors' Choice papers, listed below in chronological order, exemplified both the high quality and the breadth of papers published in the journal. Congratulations to these authors and to all authors whose work appeared in JBME over the past year! (Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering)
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - May 3, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

ANNUAL SPECIAL ISSUE “Biomechanical Engineering—2018 Year in Review”
The Journal of Biomechanical Engineering (JBME) continues to thrive, and our impact factor held strong at 1.916 in 2018. Over 550 manuscripts were received in 2018, and our acceptance rate projects to be about 28%, though the final number will depend on the outcome of manuscripts currently under review. We continue to streamline all stages of the review and publication process, with time to first decision now averaging 1.7  months and immediate on-line availability of accepted manuscripts. The tremendous effort of the Associate Editors (AEs) on this front, and on all aspects of the journal operation, is acknowledged here...
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - May 3, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Thank You to All 2018 JBME Reviewers!
Steven Abramowitch (Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering)
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - May 3, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Society Awards 2018
(Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering)
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - May 3, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Muscle-Tendon Unit Parameter Estimation of a Hill-Type Musculoskeletal Model Based on Experimentally Obtained Subject-Specific Torque Profiles
The aim of this study was to generate a subject-specific musculoskeletal muscle model, based on isometric and isovelocity measurements of the whole lower extremity. A two-step optimization procedure is presented for optimizing the muscle-tendon parameters (MTPs) for isometric and isovelocity joint torque profiles. A significant improvement in the prediction of joint torque profiles for both the solely isometric and a combined isometric and dynamic method of optimization when compared to the standard scaling method of the AnyBody Modeling System (AMS) was observed. Depending on the specific purpose of the model, it may be w...
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - April 25, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

An Analytical Poroelastic Model of a Nonhomogeneous Medium Under Creep Compression for Ultrasound Poroelastography Applications —Part I
An analytical theory for the unconfined creep behavior of a cylindrical inclusion (simulating a soft tissue tumor) embedded in a cylindrical background sample (simulating normal tissue) is presented and analyzed in this paper. Both the inclusion and the background are considered as fluid-filled, porous materials, each of them being characterized by a set of mechanical properties. Specifically, in this paper, the inclusion is considered to be less permeable than the background. The cylindrical sample is compressed using a constant pressure within two frictionless plates and is allowed to expand in an unconfined way along th...
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - April 22, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

An Analytical Poroelastic Model of a Nonhomogeneous Medium Under Creep Compression for Ultrasound Poroelastography Applications —Part II
An analytical theory for the unconfined creep behavior of a cylindrical inclusion (simulating a soft tissue tumor) embedded in a cylindrical background sample (simulating normal tissue) is presented and analyzed in this paper. Both the inclusion and the background are considered as fluid-filled, porous materials, each of them being characterized by a set of mechanical parameters. Specifically, in this derivation, the inclusion is assumed to have significantly higher interstitial permeability than the background. The formulations of the effective Poisson's ratio (EPR) and fluid pressure in the inclusion and in the backgroun...
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - April 22, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Construction of Analysis-Suitable Vascular Models Using Axis-Aligned Polycubes
Image-based modeling is an active and growing area of biomedical research that utilizes medical imaging to create patient-specific simulations of physiological function. Under this paradigm, anatomical structures are segmented from a volumetric image, creating a geometric model that serves as a computational domain for physics-based modeling. A common application is the segmentation of cardiovascular structures to numerically model blood flow or tissue mechanics. The segmentation of medical image data typically results in a discrete boundary representation (surface mesh) of the segmented structure. However, it is often des...
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - April 22, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

In Vivo Quantification of Regional Circumferential Green Strain in the Thoracic and Abdominal Aorta by Two-Dimensional Spiral Cine DENSE MRI
Regional tissue mechanics play a fundamental role in the patient-specific function and remodeling of the cardiovascular system. Nevertheless, regional in vivo assessments of aortic kinematics remain lacking due to the challenge of imaging the thin aortic wall. Herein, we present a novel application of displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify the regional displacement and circumferential Green strain of the thoracic and abdominal aorta. Two-dimensional (2D) spiral cine DENSE and steady-state free procession (SSFP) cine images were acquired at 3T at either the infraren...
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - April 22, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Determining Subject-Specific Lower-Limb Muscle Architecture Data for Musculoskeletal Models Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Accurate individualized muscle architecture data are crucial for generating subject-specific musculoskeletal models to investigate movement and dynamic muscle function. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has emerged as a promising method of gathering muscle architecture data in vivo; however, its accuracy in estimating parameters such as muscle fiber lengths for creating subject-specific musculoskeletal models has not been tested. Here, we provide a validation of the method of using anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DTI to gather muscle architecture data in vivo by directly compari...
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - April 22, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Differential Effects of Isoproterenol on Regional Myocardial Mechanics in Rat Using Three-Dimensional Cine DENSE Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
The present study assessed the acute effects of isoproterenol on left ventricular (LV) mechanics in healthy rats with the hypothesis that β-adrenergic stimulation influences the mechanics of different myocardial regions of the LV wall in different ways. To accomplish this, magnetic resonance images were obtained in the LV of healthy rats with or without isoproterenol infusion. The LV contours were divided into basal, midventricular, and apical regions. Additionally, the midventricular myocardium was divided into three transmural layers with each layer partitioned into four segments (i.e., septal, inferior, lateral, and an...
Source: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering - April 22, 2019 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research