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Early-career general practitioners ’ antibiotic prescribing for acute infections: a systematic review
ConclusionsEarly-career GPs prescribe fewer antibiotics than later-career GPs. However, there are still significant improvements to be made for common acute conditions, as their prescribing is higher than recommended benchmarks. Addressing antimicrobial resistance requires an ongoing worldwide effort and early-career GPs should be the target for long-term change. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - January 22, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Off-label oritavancin treatment outcome and molecular characterization of a vancomycin- and linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecium causing liver abscesses
Among vancomycin-resistantEnterococcus faecium (VRE) strains, linezolid resistance (LR) is increasing. Long-acting oritavancin is active against Staphylococci and Enterococci, even for those displaying LR, and despite its approval for acute skin/soft tissue infections, off-label uses have been already described.1,2 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - January 16, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Assessing the in vivo impact of novel β-lactamase inhibitors on the efficacy of their partner β-lactams against serine carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa using human-simulated exposures
ConclusionsCeftazidime/avibactam and imipenem/relebactam were active against 100% and 89% of KPC- or GES-harbouring isolates testedin vivo. The activity of meropenem/vaborbactam was variable, suggesting this may be an inferior treatment option in this setting. Further studies to evaluate clinical outcomes in GES- and KPC-producingP. aeruginosa are warranted given their increasing prevalence worldwide. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - January 13, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Determining a urinary-specific antibiogram and risk factors of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin and multidrug resistance among Enterobacterales in primary care
ConclusionsWe found elevated resistance to UTI-relevant antimicrobials and novel factors associated with resistance; these data can be incorporated into clinical decision tools to improve organism and drug concordance. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - January 13, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Population pharmacokinetics of posaconazole in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant patients
ConclusionsIncreased doses of posaconazole should be considered for both prophylaxis and treatment of IFD to increase the proportion of alloHCT patients achieving therapeutic exposures, particularly the oral formulation in patients with mucositis and/or diarrhoea. Posaconazole therapeutic drug monitoring should be considered for all formulations in this setting. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - January 13, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Characterization of VIM-29 and VIM-86, two VIM-1 variants isolated in multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales in France
The emergence of carbapenem resistance, mostly through the dissemination of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE), became a serious public health problem. In Enterobacterales, MBLs (Ambler class B carbapenemases) are mainly represented by VIM and NDM enzymes. MBLs hydrolyse all β-lactams except aztreonam and remain resistant to the recently developed β-lactamase inhibitors (avibactam, vaborbactam or relebactam). Nowadays, more than 83 VIM variants (http://bldb.eu/), divided into three subgroups (VIM-1-like, VIM-2-like and VIM-7-like enzymes), have been identified.1 (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - January 10, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Treatment, outcomes and characterization of pathogens in urinary tract infections caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacterales: a prospective multicentre study
ConclusionsAntibiotic treatments were highly variable. Patient and pathogen factors were identified as potential determinants of disease presentation and outcomes and may prove useful to guide individualized treatment and follow-up. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - January 10, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Detection of CTX-M-15 ESBL in XDR Haemophilus parainfluenzae from a urethral swab
ConclusionsHere we report the description of an XDRH. parainfluenzae producingblaCTX-M-15 isolated from a urethral swab. TheblaCTX-M-15 gene was inserted into an ICE structure similar to those recently described in CTX-M-15 producers in Spain. The emergence of XDRH. parainfluenzae producingblaCTX-M-15 is a matter of great concern. Careful surveillance is required to prevent its spread. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - January 10, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Disseminated invasive Corynebacterium simulans infection complicated by high-level daptomycin resistance acquisition under treatment: a case report
Non-diphtheriae Corynebacterium species are part of the normal human skin and oral flora, and are frequently considered as contaminants in clinical samples. However, these bacteria are increasingly recognized as agents responsible for infective endocarditis1 or osteoarticular infections,2 especiallyCorynebacterium striatum. Although they are less well described, several authors have reported invasiveCorynebacterium simulans infections, such as spondylodiscitis,3 prosthetic joint infections4 or endocarditis.5 One of the main challenges to manage these types of infections is the absence of treatment guidelines for this bacte...
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - January 10, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of posaconazole in paediatric leukaemia patients
ConclusionsTrough concentrations of posaconazole in the CSF after systemic administration were low but detectable in all subjects. Concurrent serum concentrations were in the target range for prophylaxis and treatment in 100% and 90%, respectively. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - January 10, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

A novel glycine-rich peptide from Zophobas atratus, coleoptericin B, targets bacterial membrane and protects against Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced mastitis in mice
ConclusionsrZA-col B may be a promising antibacterial agent to combat MDR bacterial infection. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - January 4, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Target attainment of intravenous lefamulin for treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections
ConclusionsLefamulin at the currently approved IV dosage covers mostStaphylococcus aureus isolates when targeting drug exposure associated with bacteriostasis, suggesting potential of lefamulin for the treatment of ABSSSIs. Lefamulin may not be appropriate in ABSSSI when rapid bactericidal activity is warranted. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - January 4, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Association of piperacillin/tazobactam MIC and mortality in a cohort of ceftriaxone-resistant Escherichia coli bloodstream infections treated with piperacillin/tazobactam and carbapenems: a multicentric propensity score-weighted observational cohort study
ConclusionsPiperacillin/tazobactam use might not be associated with increased mortality in treating third-generation cephalosporin-resistantE. coli bloodstream infections when the MIC is<8 mg/L. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - January 3, 2024 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Vibrio species: development of EUCAST susceptibility testing methods and MIC and zone diameter distributions on which to determine clinical breakpoints
ConclusionsWe demonstrated the validity of using standard BMD and EUCAST disc diffusion methodology for AST of fiveVibrio spp., and generated suitable data to allow EUCAST to determine clinical MIC and zone diameter breakpoints for five pathogenicVibrio spp., including both non-toxigenic and toxigenicV. cholerae. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - December 30, 2023 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Synergy of polymyxin B and minocycline against KPC-3- and OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in dynamic time –kill experiments: agreement with in silico predictions
ConclusionsPolymyxin B and minocycline in combination showed synergistic effects, mainly against the KPC-3-producingK. pneumoniae. The agreement between the experimental results andin silico predictions supports the use of PK/PD models based on static time –kill data to predict the activity of antibiotic combinations at dynamic drug concentrations. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - December 30, 2023 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research