Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance of Clostridioides difficile
AbstractClostridioides difficile (CD) is one of the top five urgent antibiotic resistance threats in USA. There is a worldwide increase in MDR of CD, with emergence of novel strains which are often more virulent and MDR. Antibiotic resistance in CD is constantly evolving with acquisition of novel resistance mechanisms, which can be transferred between different species of bacteria and among different CD strains present in the clinical setting, community, and environment. Therefore, understanding the antibiotic resistance mechanisms of CD is important to guide optimal antibiotic stewardship policies and to identify novel th...
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - July 23, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Activity of meropenem/vaborbactam and comparators against Gram-negative isolates from Eastern and Western European patients hospitalized with pneumonia including ventilator-associated pneumonia (2014 –19)
ConclusionsThesein vitro data demonstrate that meropenem/vaborbactam has potent activity against isolates from PHP, including isolates producing KPC, and may be a useful treatment option for PHP, including VAP. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - July 23, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Anti-biofilm activity of murepavadin against cystic fibrosis Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates
ConclusionsMurepavadin demonstrated good activity againstP. aeruginosa biofilms both in open and closed systems. The MBIC-ECOFF and the MBEC-ECOFF are proposed as new parameters to estimate the activity of antibiotics on biofilms. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - July 20, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Feasibility and clinical relevance of HIV-1 drug resistance testing in patients with low-level viraemia in South Africa
ConclusionsCurrent South African virological failure guidelines may keep patients on failing regimens for longer than necessary. Our data suggest that genotyping at LLV is feasible and implementation could result in earlier identification and referral of patients requiring third-line regimens. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - July 19, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium in Catalonia, Spain: a 1 year prospective study
ConclusionsOur results support the contribution of the previous use of macrolides in resistant strains. Given the difficulties in performing TOC in all patients, the inclusion of macrolide resistance in the detection test should be mandatory. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - July 19, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Antibiotic prescription policy for acute otitis media: do we follow the guidelines?
ConclusionsImproved adherence to the 2013 guidelines was observed only in children aged ≤6 months and over-treatment with antibiotics was still high. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - July 19, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Virological failure and drug resistance in West African HIV-infected adults who started ART immediately or deferred ART initiation
ConclusionsStarting ART early decreases the risk of virological failure and drug resistance in the medium term. This benefit is of particular importance in countries where access to viral load monitoring and the number of antiretroviral drug lines is limited. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - July 19, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Estimated pill intake with on-demand PrEP with oral TDF/FTC using TFV-DP concentration in dried blood spots in the ANRS IPERGAY trial
ConclusionsAmong participants using on-demand PrEP, estimated pill intake reached 8 –12 tablets per month and was correlated with frequency and systematic use of PrEP for SI. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - July 19, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Interchangeability of periplasmic adaptor proteins AcrA and AcrE in forming functional efflux pumps with AcrD in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium
ConclusionsThese data indicate that AcrE forms an efflux-competent pump with AcrD and thus presents an alternative PAP for this pump. Mutagenesis of the conserved RND binding sites validates the interchangeability of AcrA and AcrE, highlighting them as potential drug targets for efflux inhibition. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - July 19, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Effect of multiple, compatible plasmids on the fitness of the bacterial host by inducing transcriptional changes
ConclusionsOur study suggests that bacterial strains can gain fitness through the acquisition of multiple plasmids harbouring antibiotic resistance genes, which may be mediated by transcriptomic changes in the chromosomal genes of the bacterial host. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - July 19, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Efficacy of nikkomycin Z in murine CNS coccidioidomycosis: modelling sustained-release dosing
ConclusionsThis efficacy supports the development of sustained-release nikZ. Decreased intake wouldn ’t be a factor in humans, receiving drug via extended-release pill or continuous IV infusion. In prior studies (twice daily nikZ) of murine coccidioidal meningitis, results were inferior, suggesting sustained release may provide both convenience and superior outcomes. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - July 16, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Combination treatment of liposomal amphotericin B and isavuconazole is synergistic in treating experimental mucormycosis
ConclusionsThe L-AMB/isavuconazonium sulphate combination demonstrated greater activity versus monotherapy in immunosuppressed mice infected with either of the two most common causes of mucormycosis. These studies warrant further investigation of L-AMB/isavuconazonium sulphate combination therapy as an optimal therapy of human mucormycosis. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - July 15, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Eravacycline pharmacokinetics in a critically ill patient receiving venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and continuous venovenous haemodialysis
Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - July 15, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Capability of Enterococcus faecalis to shield Gram-negative pathogens from aminoglycoside exposure
ConclusionsThe AME-producingE. faecalis did not provide a consistent protective effect from aminoglycosides for the Gram-negative pathogens. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - July 10, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Penicillin susceptibility among invasive MSSA infections: a multicentre study in 16 Spanish hospitals
ConclusionsA high penicillin susceptibility rate was detected among MSSA, opening therapeutic opportunities for BSIs. The emergence of new successful MSSA-PENS clones could be responsible for these data. The detection among MSSA-PENS-blaZnegative isolates of the clonal lineage CC398 or the absence of an IEC raises questions about their possible animal origin, requiring further analysis. (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy)
Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - July 10, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research