Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Response to combined ipilimumab and nivolumab after development of a nephrotic syndrome related to PD-1 monotherapy
ConclusionThis case illustrates that a fulminant response to combined checkpoint inhibition is possible after progression after anti-PD-1 monotherapy and a severe irAE. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - July 11, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Baseline T cell dysfunction by single cell network profiling in metastatic breast cancer patients
ConclusionsFunctional T cell analysis suggests that baseline T cell functionality is hampered in metastatic breast cancer patients, at least in part mediated by the PD-1 signaling pathway. These preliminary data support the rationale for investigating the possible beneficial effects of adding PD-1 blockade to improve responses to TGF β blockade and radiotherapy.Trial registrationNCT01401062. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - July 10, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Circulating tumor cells in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients are associated with worse tumor response to checkpoint inhibitors
ConclusionCTC occur in one third of advanced NSCLC patients and their presence is a predictive factor for a worse durable response rate to checkpoint inhibitors. tdEV are associated with shorter survival but not with response. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - July 9, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Tumor regression mediated by oncogene withdrawal or erlotinib stimulates infiltration of inflammatory immune cells in EGFR mutant lung tumors
ConclusionsOur findings lay the foundation for understanding the effects of TKIs on the tumor microenvironment and highlight the importance of investigating targeted and immuno-therapy combination strategies to treatEGFR mutant lung cancer. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - July 9, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Oncolytic adenovirus drives specific immune response generated by a poly-epitope pDNA vaccine encoding melanoma neoantigens into the tumor site
ConclusionsThis study explores the immunological mechanism of the combination between an oncolytic adenovirus and a DNA vaccine against melanoma. It demonstrates that the use of a rational combination therapy involving DNA vaccination could overcome its poor immunogenicity. In this way, it will be possible to exploit the great potential of DNA vaccination, thus allowing a larger use in the clinic. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - July 9, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Role of antibiotic use, plasma citrulline and blood microbiome in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with nivolumab
ConclusionsEUA is associated with shorter OS with nivolumab and lower citrulline rates. Plasma citrulline and blood microbiome appear to be promising predictive factors of nivolumab efficacy. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - July 9, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Gal9/Tim-3 expression level is higher in AML patients who fail chemotherapy
AbstractImmune checkpoint pathways active in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) patients, especially during the course of remission induction chemotherapy, have not been well studied. Although dominant in mediating T cell dysfunction in cancer, it is now well-accepted that interruption of PD-1/PD-L1 axes alone does not always completely restore T cell function, indicating the involvement of additional negative regulatory pathways, such as TIM-3/Gal-9, in promoting T cell exhaustion.Here, we characterized these pathways in AML patients enrolled in a phase I dose escalation trial that combined Selinexor, a Selective Inhibitor of N...
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - July 9, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

T cells expressing NKG2D chimeric antigen receptors efficiently eliminate glioblastoma and cancer stem cells
ConclusionOur findings demonstrated that NKG2D CAR-T cells targeted glioblastoma cells and cancer stem cells in an NKG2D-dependent manner, supporting the use of CAR-T therapy in glioblastoma therapeutic strategies. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - July 8, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Rescue therapy for patients with anti-PD-1-refractory Merkel cell carcinoma: a multicenter, retrospective case series
AbstractMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but clinically aggressive cancer with a high mortality rate. In recent years, antibodies blocking the interactions among PD-1 and its ligands have generated durable tumor regressions in patients with advanced MCC. However, there is a paucity of data regarding effective therapy for patients whose disease is refractory to PD-1 pathway blockade. This retrospective case series describes a heterogeneous group of patients treated with additional immune checkpoint blocking therapy after MCC progression through anti-PD-1. Among 13 patients treated with anti-CTLA-4, alone or in combinat...
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - July 7, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Isolated neutropenia as a rare but serious adverse event secondary to immune checkpoint inhibition
ConclusionNeutropenia as an isolated irAE secondary to ICI is rare but represents a severe toxicity that needs early recognition and can often result in treatment discontinuations. Careful monitoring of these patients with the prompt initiation of immunosuppressive and supportive measures to promote rapid recovery as well as prevent and treat infectious complications should be part of the management algorithms. Serial monitoring of blood and plasma-based biomarkers from more extensive studies may help in identifying patients at risk for irAEs and thus guide patient selection for ICI. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - July 4, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

IL-27 enhances IL-15/IL-18-mediated activation of human natural killer cells
ConclusionsTaken together, these results indicated that IL-27 can synergize on NK cell expansion and activation with IL-15 and IL-18. In addition, we described an improved culture method for ex vivo expansion of human NK cells with IL-15/IL-18/IL-27 stimulation and characterized the response of NK cells to this stimulation. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - July 4, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Correction to: Toward a comprehensive view of cancer immune responsiveness: a synopsis from the SITC workshop
Following publication of the original article [1], the author reported that an author name, Roberta Zappasodi, was missed in the authorship list. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - July 3, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Hypothesis: does adrenalitis caused by immune checkpoint-inhibitors put melanoma patients at an elevated risk for recurrence?
AbstractPrimary adrenal failure (Addison ’s disease) is a rare complication of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Untreated – and also sometimes under adequate hydrocortisone replacement therapy – the levels of ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) and MSH (Melanocyte stimulating hormone) are elevated. This may be a reason for c oncern in patients with malignant melanoma (MM): Melanocortin receptors bind to ACTH and the different isoforms of MSH. For example, the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is overexpressed in many human melanoma cells. Since it is also involved in the proliferation of melanoma cells, the ele...
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - July 3, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Delayed immune-related events (DIRE) after discontinuation of immunotherapy: diagnostic hazard of autoimmunity at a distance
ConclusionsAs immunotherapy indications expand into the curative setting, often with brief exposure and potentially sequenced with multimodality treatments, it will be necessary to recognize an emerging diagnostic complex, which we have termed delayed immune-related events (DIRE). Clinical vigilance has the potential to reduce morbidity from diagnostic delay, as irAE are generally manageable with prompt initiation of treatment – or from misdiagnosis - as misattribution can lead to unnecessary or harmful interventions as we describe. DIRE should therefore figure prominently in the differential diagnosis of patients presen...
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - July 2, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells orchestrate innate and adaptive anti-tumor immunity induced by oncolytic coxsackievirus A21
ConclusionThis work supports the development of CVA21 as an immunotherapeutic agent for the treatment of both AML and MM. Additionally, the data presented provides an important insight into the mechanisms of CVA21-mediated immunotherapy to aid the development of clinical biomarkers to predict response and rationalize future drug combinations. (Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer)
Source: Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer - June 30, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research