Opioid-induced constipation in patients with cancer pain in Japan (OIC-J study): a post hoc subgroup analysis of patients with lung cancer
ConclusionsIn patients with lung cancer, opioid-induced constipation can occur quickly after initiating opioids and can negatively impact quality of life. Early management of opioid-induced constipation, with a focus on quality-of-life improvement and patient ’s assessments of bowel movements, is important for these patients. (Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology - November 7, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Second primary cancers and recurrence in patients after resection of colorectal cancer: An integrated analysis of trials by Japan Clinical Oncology Group: JCOG1702A
ConclusionsA common surveillance strategy for the general population can be applied even for curatively resected CRC patients, as the risk of second primary cancers was almost the same as that of the general population. (Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology - November 7, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Primary tumour ulceration in cutaneous melanoma: its role on TNM stages.
ConclusionPrimary tumour ulceration has been considered as a poor prognostic factor in local melanomas, but it might also have a potential for predicting survival in loco-regional and advanced melanomas. (Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology - November 7, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Randomized phase II study of chemoradiotherapy with versus without induction chemotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer: Japan Clinical Oncology Group trial, JCOG1106
ConclusionsThis study suggested that the chemoradiotherapy using S-1 alone had more promising efficacy with longer-term survival, compared with induction gemcitabine followed by chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer.Clinical trial registrationThe study was registered at the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry as UMIN000006811. (Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology - November 7, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

A management of neutropenia using granulocyte colony stimulating factor support for chemotherapy consisted of docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil in patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
ConclusionsGranulocyte colony stimulating factor support including secondary prophylactic usage may be feasible for maintaining the intensity of docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy in patients with oesophageal cancer. (Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology - November 5, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Recent advances and future perspectives in adjuvant and neoadjuvant immunotherapies for lung cancer
AbstractThe superior efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer has inspired many clinical trials to use immune checkpoint inhibitors in earlier stages of lung cancer worldwide. Based on the theoretical feasibility that neoantigens derived from a tumor tissue are presentin vivo, some clinical trials have recently evaluated the neoadjuvant, rather than the adjuvant, use of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Some of these trials have already produced evidence on the safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in a neoadjuvant setting, with a favorable major pathologic...
Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology - November 5, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Brigatinib and lorlatinib: their effect on ALK inhibitors in NSCLC focusing on resistant mutations and central nervous system metastases
AbstractMajor issues in anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive non-small cell lung carcinoma are acquired resistance against anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors and control of central nervous system metastasis. The development of these inhibitors has changed therapeutic strategy in patients with advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive non-small cell lung carcinoma. Brigatinib and lorlatinib were designed to penetrate the blood –brain barrier and to inhibit resistant mutations against anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors. We review the clinical data supporting treatment of advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive...
Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology - November 5, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Erratum to: Oncological outcome of neoadjuvant low-dose estramustine plus LHRH agonist/antagonist followed by extended radical prostatectomy for Japanese patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer: a prospective single-arm study
Upon the original publication of this article, the ''Equal contribution'' mark was omitted from author Yasutoshi Yamada's name. This has now been corrected online. The publisher apologises for the error. (Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology - November 3, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Treatment patterns in pancreatic cancer patients based on a hospital claims database in Japan
ConclusionsAlthough chemotherapy has been the main treatment option for pancreatic cancer, the regimens of choice have increased significantly during the last decade. With accumulating evidence on combination chemotherapy, treatment options may further evolve in the future. (Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology - November 2, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Immunotherapy for advanced melanoma: current situation in Japan
AbstractTreatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors provides long-term survival for patients with advanced melanoma. Improvements in the overall survival of advanced melanoma patients have been achieved with anti-PD-1 monotherapy and anti-PD-1+ CTLA4 combination therapy, but there are still many issues to resolve. Acral, mucosal and uveal melanoma have been less responsive to immune checkpoint inhibitors than cutaneous melanoma. For patients who have achieved a good response, it is still not known how long the anti-PD-1 therapy should be administered. Moreover, there is limited treatment for patients who relapse during or ...
Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology - November 2, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Comparison of two measures for Complicated Grief: Brief Grief Questionnaire (BGQ) and Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG)
ConclusionThe prevalence of Complicated Grief was estimated to be higher by the Inventory of Complicated Grief than by the Brief Grief Questionnaire in this sample. Patients with severe Complicated Grief might be difficult to discriminate their intensity of grief by the Brief Grief Questionnaire. Once the diagnostic criteria of Complicated Grief are established, further research, such as optimization of cutoff points and calculations of sensitivity and specificity, will be necessary. (Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology - October 30, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Characterization of genomic alterations in Chinese colorectal cancer patients
ConclusionWe describe the different molecular characteristics of LCC and RCC. Our result supported a better prognosis of RCC than LCC in Chinese colorectal cancer patients. (Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology - October 27, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Perirectal metachronous recurrence of the hepatocellular carcinoma in the rectum on the 11C choline PET –CT
A 48-year-old female presented with a history of multicentric hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). She had a complete tumour removal via local excision and radiofrequency ablation without tumour recurrence. On follow-up, she underwent11C choline positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) for tumour restaging, given the raised serum alfa-fetoprotein (AFP). Fused axial and coronal11C choline PET –CT showed an11C choline-avid mass (SUVmax: 17.9  g/dl) in the right upper perirectal region (arrowed) (Fig. 1). An enhanced, contrasted axial CT image confirmed the presence of an exophytic rectal wall mass with an indi...
Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology - October 24, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Evaluation of solid portions in non-small cell lung cancer —the solid part is not always measurable for clinical T factor
ConclusionFor one-fifth of the part-solid tumours, measurement of the solid component was difficult. Moreover, these lesions had low invasiveness, especially in T1. The measurement of the solid portion and the classification of T1 in 1-cm increments may be complex. (Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology - October 23, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Phase I studies of darinaparsin in patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma: a pooled analysis of two phase I studies conducted in Japan and Korea
ConclusionsThese data indicate the good tolerability and potential efficacy of darinaparsin in patients with relapsed/refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Darinaparsin 300  mg/m2/day for 5 consecutive days in 3-week  cycles is the recommended regimen for phase II study. (Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology)
Source: Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology - October 14, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research