Adherence to CPAP Treatment
To the Editor In a recent meta-analysis, S ánchez-de-la-Torre and colleagues found that “adherence to CPAP [continuous positive airway pressure] was associated with a reduced MACCE [major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event] recurrence risk, suggesting that treatment adherence is a key factor in secondary cardiovascular prevention i n patients with OSA [obstructive sleep apnea].” The authors acknowledged that “selection bias” may have affected their results, adjusted for several covariates, then asserted that the “results of this meta-analysis provide a rigorous basis for recommendations about the types of...
Source: JAMA - January 23, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Outcomes After Minimally Invasive Surfactant Therapy in Preterm Infants
To the Editor A recent 2-year follow-up study of the OPTIMIST-A randomized clinical trial of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome found that MIST did not reduce the incidence of death or severe neurodevelopmental disability by 2 years of age. We have several concerns about the interpretation of this study ’s results. (Source: JAMA)
Source: JAMA - January 23, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Outcomes After Minimally Invasive Surfactant Therapy in Preterm Infants
To the Editor A recent 2-year follow-up study compared the effect of minimally invasive surfactant therapy (MIST) vs control (placebo) on neurodevelopment disability and death at 2 years ’ corrected age. (Source: JAMA)
Source: JAMA - January 23, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
E-Cigarettes and FDA Nicotine Cap
To the Editor The proposal to cap nicotine concentrations in combustible cigarettes is based on sound scientific evidence that cigarettes with very low levels of nicotine will significantly reduce smoking- and tobacco-related harm. However, we believe that a proposal presented in a recent Viewpoint for a federal nicotine cap on e-cigarettes is misguided and runs contrary to current evidence. The focus on e-liquid nicotine concentrations alone is problematic because these restrictions fail to consider that e-cigarettes, unlike cigarettes, offer users ways beyond nicotine concentrations to control nicotine delivery, includin...
Source: JAMA - January 23, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Options for Building a Diverse Health Care Workforce
To the Editor A recent Viewpoint illuminated the legal challenges to building a diverse health care workforce in light of the US Supreme Court decision banning affirmative action. As members of the admissions committee at the University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, which seeks to matriculate future physicians to meet the diverse workforce needs of California, we want to clarify how the UC Davis Scale is used in our process. Although children of physicians generally receive a low score on this composite measure of socioeconomic disadvantage, that does not mean they cannot be accepted to medical school. This sca...
Source: JAMA - January 23, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
The Conquest of Pellagra
Less than a decade has elapsed since Goldberger and his associates began their studies of pellagra in this country. The developments of these investigations furnish an illustration of how significant knowledge of the etiology of disease may be for its proper management. If pellagra was due to an infection, as seemed to be the case to many students of the subject ten years ago, the public duty in the direction of prevention obviously lay in the introduction and enforcement of such sanitary measures as are accustomed to be efficacious in the face of infectious disease. The foremost need was to discover and eradicate the biol...
Source: JAMA - January 23, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Audio Highlights
Listen to the JAMA Editor ’s Audio Summary for an overview and discussion of the important articles appearing in this week’s issue of JAMA. (Source: JAMA)
Source: JAMA - January 23, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Recommendations for Speech and Language Screenings
A recent Evidence Report from the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) highlights a persistent gap in research regarding preventive care services for children showing no obvious signs or symptoms of speech and language delay and disorder. In the accompanying Recommendation Statement, the task force concludes that the “evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for speech and language delay and disorders in children 5 years or younger without signs or symptoms (I statement).” The USPSTF recommendation was determined based on the general lack of evidence for screening rat her ...
Source: JAMA - January 23, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Health Symptoms When Abortion Access Is Restricted
The public health discussion of the effects of overturning Roe v Wade in June 2022 extend beyond the number of abortions, where and how people are having abortions, maternal mortality, or even infant mortality. The discussion includes how some restrictions on abortion may harm the mental health of those having or seeking abortions, as well as have the most serious effects on the mental health of females from marginalized groups. A recent study published by Zandberg and colleagues found that states that enacted more restrictive abortion policies between 1974 and 2016 had higher rates of suicide among women of reproductive a...
Source: JAMA - January 23, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
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(Source: JAMA)
Source: JAMA - January 16, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Three Epochs of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care
This Special Communication examines the evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) over the years, and how developments with AI can help decision-makers improve health care while also recognizing its risks. (Source: JAMA)
Source: JAMA - January 16, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Rosary
“She tried to eat her rosary today” I was told by the laughter and tears at bedside a strange event, and yet illuminating of her faith and hope confusion, dysphagia an aspiring soul who aspirated feasting on fervent prayers (Source: JAMA)
Source: JAMA - January 16, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Analysis of Breast Cancer Mortality in the US —1975 to 2019
This simulation study estimates the association of breast cancer screening, treatment of stage I-III breast cancer, and treatment of metastatic breast cancer on changes in mortality due to breast cancer in US women for the period 1975-2019. (Source: JAMA)
Source: JAMA - January 16, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Default Palliative Care Consultation for Seriously Ill Hospitalized Patients
This cluster randomized trial examines whether the effect of ordering palliative care consultation by default for seriously ill hospitalized patients without requiring greater palliative care staffing increased consultations and improved outcomes. (Source: JAMA)
Source: JAMA - January 16, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
Perioperative Toripalimab Plus Chemotherapy for Patients With Resectable Non –Small Cell Lung Cancer
This randomized clinical trial compares the effects of toripalimab in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone on event-free survival and major pathological response in patients with stage III resectable non –small cell lung cancer. (Source: JAMA)
Source: JAMA - January 16, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research
