Decoding the Association Between Body Composition in Preterm Birth and Hypertension in Childhood
To the Editor Early life experiences can shape long-term health outcomes; accordingly, developmental programming in the kidney may contribute to hypertension. In addition, preterm birth exposes infants to an adverse intrauterine and postnatal environment, leading to altered body composition and metabolic programming. Excessive body fat, particularly visceral fat, is associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and inflammation, all of which contribute to cardiovascular dysfunction and elevated blood pressure. Moreover, reduced muscle mass observed in individuals born preterm can further exacerbate the risk of hyperten...
Source: JAMA Pediatrics - September 11, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Diagnostic Stewardship Program to Reduce Blood Culture Rates Among Critically Ill Children
This quality improvement study evaluates whether pediatric intensive care units sustained reduced blood culture rates after participation in the Bright STAR collaborative from 2017 to 2020. (Source: JAMA Pediatrics)
Source: JAMA Pediatrics - September 11, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
The Role of Genetic Testing for Short Stature Now and in the Future
The study by Li and colleagues evaluates the available evidence regarding the diagnostic yield of 2 commonly used genetic tests —chromosomal microarray (CMA) and exome sequencing (ES)—for a common indication prompting genetic evaluation: short stature. As prior cohort studies describing genetic diagnoses associated with this phenotype have been relatively small, the authors harness the power of combining multiple such st udies via a systematic review and meta-analysis, allowing for an overall cohort size of more than 1000 children. They identified a diagnostic yield of 27.1% for ES and 13.6% for CMA and suggest that th...
Source: JAMA Pediatrics - September 11, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Error in Results
This article was corrected online. (Source: JAMA Pediatrics)
Source: JAMA Pediatrics - September 11, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Error in Figure 2
This article was correct ed online. (Source: JAMA Pediatrics)
Source: JAMA Pediatrics - September 11, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Cost-Related Barriers and Ensuring Equitable Access to Vaccines in the US
This Viewpoint discusses policies toward increasing access to effective COVID-19 vaccines, advancing vaccine equity, strengthening reimbursement policies, and increasing federal incentives for insurers and health systems to improve COVID-19 vaccine uptake. (Source: JAMA Pediatrics)
Source: JAMA Pediatrics - September 5, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
National Trends in Preterm Infant Mortality in the United States by Race and Socioeconomic Status
This cross-sectional study examines data from the National Center for Health Statistics for preterm infant births in the United States over a 26-year period to determine trends in infant mortality rates according to race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. (Source: JAMA Pediatrics)
Source: JAMA Pediatrics - September 5, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Dialysis Facility Ownership and Mortality Risk in Children With Kidney Failure
This cohort study examines whether dialysis facility profit status is associated with risk of death among children treated for kidney failure. (Source: JAMA Pediatrics)
Source: JAMA Pediatrics - September 5, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Salivary Epigenetic Measures of BMI and Social Determinants of Health Across Childhood and Adolescence
This study attempts to examine whether epigenetic measures of body mass index (BMI) developed in adults are valid biomarkers of childhood BMI and if they are sensitive to early life social determinants of health. (Source: JAMA Pediatrics)
Source: JAMA Pediatrics - September 5, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Years of Life Lost to Firearm Suicide Among Young People in the US
This cross-sectional study examines years of life lost among the top 3 causes of death and compares firearm suicide with other methods of suicide among individuals aged 10 to 24 years in the US. (Source: JAMA Pediatrics)
Source: JAMA Pediatrics - September 5, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Epidemiologic, Public Health, and Clinical Implications of Death Among Preterm Infants in the US
In JAMA Pediatrics, Venkatesan et al share a rigorous, descriptive, epidemiologic analysis of more than 100 million US births from 1995 to 2020. The authors focus on mortality rates specifically among the more than 12 million preterm infants and highlight a few key findings. Mortality rates among preterm infants have declined substantially over the last 25 years from 33.7 to 23.3 per 1000 live births. However, inequities in preterm infant mortality persist; Black preterm infants remain 43% more likely to die than their White counterparts. Black extremely preterm infants (22-27 weeks gestation) have a small (13%) subtle sur...
Source: JAMA Pediatrics - September 5, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Epigenetics of Early-Life Socioeconomic Stressors and the Impact on Childhood Body Mass Index —Potential Mechanism and Biomarker?
Overweight and obesity are growing epidemics worldwide. Recent estimates from the World Health Organization indicate that 39% of adults had overweight, and 13% had obesity. In addition, an estimated 340 million children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years had overweight or obesity in 2016 whereas 39 million children younger than 5 years had overweight or obesity in 2020. Understanding the biological mechanisms behind the development of overweight and obesity is critical as overweight and obesity are risk factors for a host of cardiometabolic outcomes including heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. The...
Source: JAMA Pediatrics - September 5, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
JAMA Pediatrics
Vision: JAMA Pediatrics will be the most respected source of information for investigators, providers, and policy makers seeking the highest quality evidence to guide decision-making. (Source: JAMA Pediatrics)
Source: JAMA Pediatrics - September 1, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Religious Exemptions, Public Health, and School Vaccination Requirements
This Viewpoint examines 2 recent cases that encapsulate the debate on religious exemptions to school vaccination requirements and further argues against these exemptions for schoolchildren. (Source: JAMA Pediatrics)
Source: JAMA Pediatrics - August 28, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Prevalence of Depressive Disorders in Children From 2004 to 2019
This meta-analysis examines the prevalence of major depressive disorder, dysthymia, and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder in children. (Source: JAMA Pediatrics)
Source: JAMA Pediatrics - August 28, 2023 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
