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What Is Cushing Syndrome?
This JAMA Patient Page describes Cushing syndrome and its signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. (Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association)
Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association - March 1, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis With Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Among Cisgender Women
This pooled analysis of postapproval studies examines the association between baseline demographics and other characteristics and PrEP adherence trajectories with HIV incidence in women. (Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association)
Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association - March 1, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Updated HIV Treatment Recommendation on Use of Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine
To the Editor Long-acting injectable cabotegravir and rilpivirine (CAB-RPV) is approved for people with HIV who have viral suppression with oral antiretroviral therapy (ART), no known or suspected resistance to either drug, and no chronic hepatitis B. In clinical trials, switching to this injectable therapy demonstrated noninferiority to continued oral ART in maintaining viral suppression. The most recent International Antiviral Society –USA (IAS-USA) treatment guidelines cited a study of successful treatment with CAB-RPV in 15 people with HIV viremia who were not taking oral ART due to adherence challenges. Because of t...
Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association - March 1, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Preexposure Prophylaxis Adherence Counseling for Cisgender Women
More than a decade after the approval of emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (F/TDF) for HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), rates of new HIV infections remain high globally, with most occurring among cisgender women, and exceed the United Nations global targets. In the US, rates of PrEP use are substantially low in cisgender women, with disparities by race and ethnicity and across regions. Concerns about the effectiveness of F/TDF and limited PrEP alternatives complicate efforts to increase the use of PrEP in cisgender women. (Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association)
Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association - March 1, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

GLP-1 Agonists for Obesity —A New Recipe for Success?
This Viewpoint discusses the drawbacks of using glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists to treat obesity and presents an alternative approach of initial, staged GLP-1 agonist treatment supported by long-term lifestyle programming, including medically appropriate groceries or meals ( “Food Is Medicine”), to address the cost, health, and equity burdens of obesity. (Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association)
Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association - February 29, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Something ’s Not Quite Right
In this narrative medicine essay, a physician recalls that when she presented with a suspected appendicitis as a medical student, she repeatedly requested a confirmation CT scan, which revealed a different diagnosis, and relates her experience with those of many women whose symptoms are not thoroughly checked out. (Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association)
Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association - February 29, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Measles Is Spreading Again in the US
This Medical News article discusses measles cases spreading in the US. (Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association)
Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association - February 28, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

How Researchers Are Aiming to Improve AI Clinical Models
This Medical News article is an interview with University of Michigan computer scientist Jenna Wiens, whose research interests lie at the intersection of AI and health care, and JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo. (Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association)
Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association - February 28, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Telehealth Abortions as Safe and Effective as In-Person Ones
About 98% of people experienced complete abortions without needing any additional interventions after receiving abortion medication provided via telehealth, according to electronic records from more than 6000 abortions provided in 20 states by 3 virtual clinics. The study, published in Nature Medicine, is among the first to establish the safety and effectiveness of no-test medication abortions —abortions that are monitored remotely and don’t include in-person ultrasonography or blood tests, the researchers noted. (Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association)
Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association - February 28, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Blood Test Predicted Risk of Future Heart Attacks
Results from a model involving 48 proteins and 43 metabolites as well as age, sex, and systolic blood pressure might indicate that a person is at increased risk for a myocardial infarction, or heart attack, within the next 6 months, according to a cohort study involving more than 2000 people in Europe. The ability to forecast someone ’s short-term risk “may enhance the motivation of patients and doctors for primary prevention,” the researchers reported in Nature Cardiovascular Research. (Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association)
Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association - February 28, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Meta-Analysis: Exercise as Effective as Therapy for Treating Depression
A range of high- and low-intensity types of exercise —especially walking or jogging, yoga, and strength training—might help treat depression, according to a meta-analysis of results from 218 randomized clinical trials that involved more than 14 100 people. The trials included participants of all ages with different degrees of depression. (Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association)
Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association - February 28, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Abatacept Could Prevent Progression to Rheumatoid Arthritis
Abatacept, a biologic used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA), staved off the disease in people who were at high risk for the condition, according to results from a randomized clinical trial that involved 213 participants from the Netherlands and the UK. (Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association)
Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association - February 28, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Serious Brain Injuries Tied to Higher Brain Cancer Risk in US Veterans
Moderate or severe traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), along with penetrating TBIs, were linked with a higher risk of brain cancer among US veterans who served in the Afghanistan and Iraq wars, a cohort study of 1.9 million veterans found. The data came from medical records from 2004 to 2019. (Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association)
Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association - February 28, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

Nurses in US Workforce Continue to Rise Above Prepandemic Levels
The number of registered nurses (RNs) dipped in the US during the COVID-19 pandemic, when more than 25% of nurses said they planned to stop practicing by 2027 because of a combination of burnout from understaffing and lack of control over scheduling, among other factors. (Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association)
Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association - February 28, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research

WHO Issues First Recommendations for Managing Diphtheria
The World Health Organization (WHO) published the first guidance for the clinical management of diphtheria, a disease caused by a toxin-producing bacteria. Diphtheria often leads to symptoms including sore throat and difficulty breathing and is fatal in 5% to 10% of cases. (Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association)
Source: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association - February 28, 2024 Category: General Medicine Source Type: research