International Journal of Osteoarchaeology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Multiple occurrences of the rare Uto ‐Aztecan premolar variant in Hungary point to ancient ties between populations of western Eurasia and the Americas
AbstractThe Uto-Aztecan premolar (UAP) is a rare dental morphological variant long thought to be restricted to non-Arctic Native Americans. The recent discovery of four individuals with this trait in a Hungarian sample invites reassessment of its geographic distribution. Our goal is to assess the variation of this trait on a global level and provide an explanation for its distribution. Observations on over 300 medieval Hungarian dentitions, along with data from the C.G. Turner II database, provide the authors with a global perspective on the distribution of UAP. In addition to four instances of UAP from Hungary, additional...
Source: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology - June 19, 2022 Category: Science Authors: G. Richard Scott, Laresa L. Dern, Sandor Evinger, Dennis H. O'Rourke, John F. Hoffecker Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Admixture and population dynamics in the philippines through cranometric analysis
This study is framed in the line of other genetic, linguistic, or morphometric types, which indicate that the Philippine population prior to the 19th century has a great intrapopulation variance, constituting a series of metapopulations within the entire archipelago. (Source: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology)
Source: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology - June 14, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Javier Lescure, Carlos Cancio, Ame Garong, Mirsha Quinto ‐Sanchez, Rolando González‐José, Antonio González‐Martín Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

A bioarcheological contribution to the social history of Roman Macedonia: The Pontokomi ‐Vrysi site in Kozani Prefecture, Greece
AbstractRoman Macedonia has been largely neglected by bioarcheological research. As a result, little is known about the imprint of living conditions of that time on the skeletons of its inhabitants, especially those of the lower classes. This paper presents the paleopathological study conducted on a Roman period (1st –4th c. CE) skeletal assemblage from Pontokomi-Vrysi, a site in the semi-mountainous region of Eordaea in Upper Macedonia (now in Kozani Prefecture, Greece). The aim is to investigate differences in the frequency of multiple paleopathological conditions in the buried population and to assess whet her these ...
Source: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology - June 13, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Chryssa Vergidou, Georgia Karamitrou ‐Mentessidi, Sofia Voutsaki, Efthymia Nikita Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Multiple occurrences of the rare Uto ‐Aztecan premolar variantin Hungary point to ancient ties between populations of western Eurasia and the Americas
DiscussionMost papers on UAP have focused on the trait ’s presence in the Americas with some authors suggesting a possible New World mutation. Although rare outside of the Americas, four examples from Hungary, in addition to other reported cases from Europe, suggest a more complex history of the UAP. Recent paleogenomic research indicates that direct gene flow from a west Eurasian lineage to anAncient Native American population may have taken place after their divergence from the ancestral Arctic Native American population (Ancient Paleo-Siberians), thus explaining its current distribution among Europeans and non-Arctic ...
Source: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology - June 11, 2022 Category: Science Authors: G. Richard Scott, Laresa L. Dern, Sandor Evinger, Dennis H. O ’Rourke, John F. Hoffecker Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

A community in transition: Analysis of health and well ‐being in people living during and following aridification
DiscussionWhile not significant, periosteal new bone formation rates in QAH 6 in conjunction with cribra orbitalia rates suggests individuals were experiencing stressors that were not impacting QAH tomb 5 individuals. Skeletal and dental lesion rates are not directly attributable to climate change; however, we argue that intense aridification around 2000 B.C. caused desiccated crops and an increased reliance on marine sources for QAH tomb 6. This reliance likely promoted nutritionally deficient diets manifesting as observed higher rates of cribra orbitalia and periosteal new bone formation. (Source: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology)
Source: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology - June 10, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Alyson C. Caine, Charlotte A. Roberts, Derek Kennet Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Graves, landmarks, or sacrificial monuments? the human osteology and paleopathology of the bronze age burial cairns in finland
AbstractDuring the Bronze Age (ca. 1800-500 BC), cremation became the dominant burial practice in Finland. These Bronze Age (BA) cremations have been excavated from burial cairns in Finland for more than 150 years. This work provides new information on human osteology from this previously understudied area in northeastern Europe. The results cover the earliest period in Finnish prehistory for which large-scale human osteological assemblages are available. In this article, we present a comprehensive human osteological study on the curated bone collections of the National Museum of Finland and other provincial museums, and p...
Source: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology - June 10, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Kati Salo, Jarkko Saipio, Maddie Hentunen, Kristiina Mannermaa, Markku Oinonen Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Frequency and co ‐occurrence of porous skeletal lesions in identified non‐adults from Portugal (19th‐20th cent.) and its association with respiratory infections as cause of death
AbstractPorous skeletal lesions (PSL) have been reported in scientific literature since the 19th century, yet their etiology (ies) remains a complex issue under debate. The aim of this study is twofold: evaluate the frequency, co-occurrence, and association of PSL with biological sex and age at death; and examine possible relationships between the presence/absence of PSL with the known cause of death (COD). Fifty-six non-adult skeletons from the Coimbra Identified Skeletal Collection (19th-20th cent.) were evaluated. Lesion presence/absence was recorded macroscopically without previous knowledge of the biographic data. For...
Source: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology - June 9, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Ricardo A. M. P. Gomes, Jimmy Petit, Olivier Dutour, Ana Luisa Santos Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

In Service to the Sultan: Biological affinity analysis of Vlach Ottoman vassals from the Šarić Struga and Koprivno‐Križ sites in southern Croatia
AbstractAs a cultural isolate and historically labelled ethnicity, the extent of biological divergence between Vlachs and non-Vlachs in Southeast Europe is not well understood. Here we present a comparison of metric and non-metric cranial morphology designed to investigate the degree to which a Vlach sample (n=32) from the Ottoman period in southern Croatia is biologically differentiated from non-Vlach communities. By calculating Relethford-Blangero distances using cranial measurements and conducting a Mean Measure of Divergence (MMD) test based on cranial non-metric traits, we investigated morphological relationships betw...
Source: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology - June 8, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Kathryn Grow Allen, Mario Šlaus, Anita Adamić Hadžić, Noreen Von Cramon‐Taubadel Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

A Child Left Behind: Malnutrition and Chronic Illness of a Child from the Erie County Poorhouse Cemetery
AbstractThis osteobiography describes a probable disease co-occurrence in a juvenile interred in the Erie County Poorhouse (ECPH) cemetery, Buffalo, New York. The remains were associated with a salvage excavation project at the University at Buffalo. The osteobiography details the paleopathology of the skeletal remains of an 11 to 12-year-old child who died between 1851-1913 at the ECPH. The skeleton displayed lesion patterning consistent with co-occurrence of healing scurvy, probable tuberculosis or another type of chronic bacterial infection, and possibly other metabolic disorders via comorbidity or co-occurrence. In 19t...
Source: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology - June 7, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Jennifer F. Byrnes, Jennifer L. Muller Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

(Re)presentation of Dental Wear for Ethical Consideration: Analysis of a Digital How ‐To Guide
This article seeks to demonstrate that, regardless of skill or experience with digital illustration software, this technique is accessible to all researchers.Materials and Methods40 participants completed a tutorial on digitizing a mandibular molar with wear and caries. Each participant was provided the same base image and instructions. Participants had various levels of experience with 1) human remains 2) dentition, and 2) digital illustration software. All participants used the opensource freeware program, Krita.ResultsA majority of participants (75%) took 30 to 90 minutes to complete the exercise. 25 illustrations were ...
Source: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology - June 7, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Emma M. Lagan Tags: SHORT REPORT Source Type: research

A bioarchaeological contribution to the social history of Roman Macedonia: the Pontokomi ‐Vrysi site in Kozani Prefecture, Greece
AbstractRoman Macedonia has been largely neglected by bioarchaeological research. As a result, little is known about the imprint of living conditions of that time on the skeletons of its inhabitants, especially those of the lower classes. This paper presents the palaeopathological study conducted on a Roman period (1st-4th c. CE) skeletal assemblage from Pontokomi-Vrysi in Kozani Prefecture, Greece. The aim was to investigate differences in the frequency of multiple palaeopathological conditions among males, females, and nonadults, and to assess whether these were be linked to sex- or age-related differences in a community...
Source: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology - June 5, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Chryssa Vergidou, Georgia Karamitrou ‐Mentessidi, Sofia Voutsaki, Efthymia Nikita Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Therapeutic Dentistry in Prehistoric Maryland – New Analyses from the Hughes (18MO1) Archaeological Site.
DiscussionThe shape of the cavitations do not follow normal pathological patterns of undisturbed occlusal decay in teeth. Further, evidence is presented that the excavative tool motion changes from rotational drilling to radial scooping the further posterior the cavitation is located in the oral cavity. Lastly, it is proposed that the reason for these modifications was therapeutic dentistry. (Source: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology)
Source: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology - June 4, 2022 Category: Science Authors: John B. Nase, Dana D. Kollmann, Dmitriy A. Dikin, Carolina Montoya Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Stable isotope values of carbon and nitrogen in hair compared to bone collagen from individuals with known medical histories (Bohemia, 19th – 21st centuries)
This study explores the impact of physiological stress on carbon and nitrogen isotopic values in hair, and on the isotopic offsets between hair and bone. Isotopic values were measured in hair from 18 individuals who died between 1884 and 2006; isotopic values of bone collagen in ribs and femurs were measured in a previous study. The average nitrogen isotopic offset between average hair and rib value (Δ15Nhair-rib) was –1.2 ± 0.7 ‰ andΔ13Chair-rib was –0.7 ± 0.4 ‰. Individuals with chronic disease showed more variable hair-rib isotopic offsets, as well as higher isotopic variation within the isotopic profile, th...
Source: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology - June 3, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Sylva Drtikolov á Kaupová, Petr Velemínský, Iva Grossová, Lenka Půtová, Jan Cvrček Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

Chickens consumed in early modern samurai residences: A study of bird remains from the Ichigaya Honmura ‐cho site, Tokyo, Japan
AbstractChicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is thought to have been introduced in Japan during the Yayoi period (5th century BC to 3rd century AD). However, according to historical documents and archaeological materials, chickens were not commonly consumed as food until the early modern period. Many remains identified as chicken have been recovered from the archaeological sites located in Edo, early modern Tokyo; however, the consumption pattern of chickens, such as age profile and sex ratio of consumed birds, has seldom been analysed. To clarify how chicken consumption became popular in early modern Japan, we analysed the ...
Source: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology - June 3, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Kai ‐hsuan Hsu, Yoko Yamane, Masaki Eda Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

A case report of possible Legg –Calve–Perthes disease on Roman dogs from Gaul (France)
AbstractThis case study reviews the first archeological cases of avascular femoral head necrosis, known as Legg –Calve–Perthes disease, on two small Roman dogs from ancient Gaul (France). LCPD diagnosis is difficult in advanced degenerative stages of the disease and one of its differential diagnoses is slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). In both cases presented here, the development of this disease is probably related to the small morphology of the two dogs. Small dogs appeared to emerge in the Roman Empire when the dog became highly specialized. This disease raises questions about the health conditions of these ...
Source: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology - June 1, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Camille Lamarque Tags: SHORT REPORT Source Type: research