Increased Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen-induced gene expression of interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 in patients with diabetes
Conclusion Increased proinflammatory cytokine production in response to MTB antigens in diabetes would lead to exacerbated pathology and reduced inflammatory control at the site of MTB infection. This would in turn hamper the resolution of inflammation, resulting in unfavorable disease outcomes. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - October 28, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Nationwide HIV-, MDR-TB survey in Japan and collaborative study in the Philippines
Conclusion Very low numbers of TB or HIV patients have been observed in Japan. An increasing number of foreign-born MDR-TB patients in the country was found. To combat against these global epidemics, an international collaboration against HIV-TB/MDR-TB is needed. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - October 28, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Drug resistance pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the province with highest incidence of tuberculosis in Iran
Conclusions The rate of drug resistance in this study area point to the necessity for further enforcement of TB treatment and disease control management. Future studies are recommended for assessments of drug resistance pattern of MTB isolates in Golestan Province. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - October 28, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Role of sociodemographic characteristics on tuberculosis clinical outcome in Yemen
Conclusion By evaluating the sociodemographic factors, pharmacists and healthcare providers can optimize and indicate the factors that play a role in successful and unsuccessful treatment outcomes. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - October 28, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern of Mycobacterium isolates from rodents in infected cattle farms
Conclusion These results highlight the possible danger of transmission of Mycobacterium among animals. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - October 28, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Mycobacterial coinfection and persisting bovine tuberculosis —Has the time arrived for a policy review?
Publication date: Available online 26 October 2016 Source:International Journal of Mycobacteriology Author(s): Nader Mosavari, Morad Moradi Geravand, Keyvan Tadayon, Rohollah Keshavarz Bovine tuberculosis (BTb) is mainly a disease of cattle, although it continues to infect human populations across the world. Operation of a test and slaughter plan in Iran since 1981 has lowered the frequency of BTb from >5% to <0.14% at the national scale. In 2015, unusual uncontrollable epidemics of BTb were detected in two cattle farms in municipal suburbs of Qazvin and Isfahan. These farms had a tuberculin-test-certif...
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - October 28, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Molecular identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by RD-typing and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method
In this study, RD-typing appeared to be a suitable method for correct identification of M. tuberculosis isolates. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - October 28, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Proteome-scale MDR-TB-antibody responses for identification of putative biomarkers for the diagnosis of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Conclusion Western blot data revealed dynamic properties of antibody responses that led to actionable findings for further research. Moreover, specific anti-mycobacterial antibodies, such as MDR-TB antibodies, can be essential tools in the identification of species-restricted antigens, such as drug-resistant TB antigens. The MDR-TB antibodies described here might promote identification of mycobacterial antigens during the course of infection, which could be helpful for the development of newer TB-vaccine candidates or therapeutic agents for improved TB treatment or diagnosis. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - October 28, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Review and comparison of genomic isolates of Mycobacterium bovis tuberculosis Zanjan province and M. bovis isolates collected from the country by restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA hybridization
Conclusion In the epidemiological study of M. bovis strains isolated from tuberculosis Zanjan province, various reviews have shown that other M. bovis strains are different, and these isolates are now unique to Zanjan province or the country (countries) that has been passed. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - October 28, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in cattle using indirect absorbed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system and culture in Alborz Province, Iran
Conclusion Because there is no treatment or cure for Johne’s disease, detection of infected cattle and subsequent culling is very important for preventing infection in other cattle. Fecal culture is a standard method for the identification of the disease. However, in Johne’s disease, due to prolonged incubation and shedding of the disease, the probability of isolating the responsible agent is very low. To identify the infection, the indirect absorbed ELISA method is used for eradication. This technique is considered as one of the most reliable for identification of the disease worldwide due to its ease of use and low c...
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - October 28, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Strain differentiation of 13 indigenous Mycobacterium bovis isolates from infected cattle by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis
In this study, we used restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with probes derived from the insertion element IS6110, the polymorphic GC-rich sequence (PGRS), and the direct repeat (DR) sequence which proved to be a useful method for differentiating M. bovis strains. A total of 13M. bovis samples from infected cattle in the West Azerbaijan Province of Iran were included in the study. The samples were submitted to the Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory at the Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj. All isolates were cultivated on Lowenstein Jensen media with pyruvate (pyruvic acid), and then identified ac...
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - October 28, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Evaluate the efficiency of Antigen 60 (A60) protein from BCG strain of Mycobacterium bovis as a diagnostic antigen
Conclusion Results of reactions of the injected A60 and standard human tuberculin shows the effectiveness of this antigen in comparison with standard human tuberculin. Detection of antibody in the serum of patients is a rapid and repeatable method. A60 with 89% sensitivity and 94% specificity could be an appropriate matter for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Because this method can be performed without radioactive materials or advanced and expensive equipment, it will provide results quickly. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - October 28, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

The majority of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in sub-saharan africa present a concomitant resistance to pyrazinamide
Conclusion Similar to other regions in the world, the majority of MDR-TB strains from Sub-Saharan Africa countries are resistant to PZA, albeit with diverse rates between countries. We identified a diverse range of mutations in pncA, with 30% of them not previously reported. The impact of such resistance on the success of the short MDR-TB regimen will require more investigation. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - October 28, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Trend of tested and slaughtered cattle for bovine tuberculosis in Iran during 2000 –2014
Conclusion The results of this study show that the coverage of a tuberculin testing process has been constant during this period. If more animals were covered by the program, more positive cases would have been detected and removed; this will have better effect in controlling the tuberculosis. The proportion of positive tests showed that it had been increasing in 2008 and 2009, and subsequently decreasing, which indicates decreased prevalence and efficacy of the bovine tuberculosis control program in the cattle herd that underwent the tuberculin test in these years. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - October 28, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Molecular identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolated by RD typing from tuberculosis patients in Khorasan Razavi
Conclusion Using molecular identification of 100 submitted isolates in Khorasan Razavi province, it was found that all isolates are M. tuberculosis. The results showed that the sanatorium in this province was not infected with M. bovis and other members of the complex. This is either due to the widespread use of pasteurized milk and nonuse of milk contaminated with M. bovis or due to the lack of regular tuberculosis control and eradication programs in the city. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - October 28, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research