International Journal of Mycobacteriology This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Collaboration between tuberculosis control programs and the action plan for tackling antimicrobial resistance: An opportunity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Conclusions Given the global commitment and potential availability of resources towards controlling AMR, collaboration between the two programs is discussed towards a more efficient use of resources in the region. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 10, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Screening new tuberculosis patients in Mali for rifampicin resistance at 2months
Conclusion Although we cannot exclude additional MDR patients having been missed by our screening strategy, our screening algorithm at 2M detected five out of nine MDR patients. Detecting patients at 2M allowed for earlier referral, and potentially less acquired drug resistance and lower mortality. This strategy may be advantageous while awaiting further rollout of Xpert machines that will permit universal DST. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 10, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Delay in diagnosis among pulmonary tuberculosis patients of Rayagada District, Odisha, India
Publication date: Available online 11 November 2016 Source:International Journal of Mycobacteriology Author(s): Dasarathi Das, Bhagirathi Dwibedi India accounts for more than one-fifth of the world’s tuberculosis (TB) burden. In spite of efforts taken by the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme, tribal areas of the state of Odisha report a high TB incidence over the years. One of the reasons could be delay in reporting to health facilities by the symptomatic patients. During such delays an active case may infect numerous susceptible people thereby contributing to the perpetuation of the infection. The dela...
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 10, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Expression of inflammatory cytokine and inducible nitric oxide synthase genes in the small intestine and mesenteric lymph node tissues of pauci- and multibacillary sheep naturally infected with Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis
Conclusion The present study indicated that IFN-γ and iNOS were found to play important role in the induction of Th1 type immune response in PB sheep. MB sheep had significant reduction in expression of IFN-γ and iNOS and elevation of IL-10 and TGF-β, which was typical of Th2 cytokine pattern. Elevated expression of IL-10 and TGF-β in PB cases possibly suggests the role of T-regulatory cells and may follow an independent mechanism not typical of Th1 pattern. In view of significantly reduced expression in both forms of the disease, IL-1α may not be an important cytokine in ovine paratuberculosis. (Source: International...
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 10, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Mycobacterial excretory secretory-31 protein with serine protease and lipase activities: An immunogen and drug target against tuberculosis infection
Conclusion Inhibition of ES-31 leads to the growth inhibition of MTB bacilli, suggesting that ES-31 is important for entry and multiplication of bacilli and an important drug target for exploring new drugs for TB based on protease and lipase activities of ES-31 protein. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 10, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Interleukin-10 gene polymorphism is associated with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis during the intensive phase of standard chemotherapy
Conclusion Compared to the healthy control group, patients with TB had significantly lower levels of IL-10. This coincided with a greater frequency of heterozygote GA genotype in Group 1 and homozygote AA genotype in Group 2. Further studies are warranted to determine whether a higher number of patients without MDR TB have a causal immunogenetic relationship with IL-10 gene polymorphisms than patients with MDR TB. Standard 2-month TB therapy results in reversal of inflammation characterized by increased IL-10 to a level comparable to that in healthy donors. IL-10 is an immune correlate of treatment outcome and can help to ...
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 10, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Effective testing for pulmonary tuberculosis using Xpert MTB/RIF assay for stool specimens in immunocompetent Pakistani children
Conclusion Use of Xpert MTB/RIF assay for stool-based diagnosis of pulmonary TB in immunocompetent children is useful in a resource poor. This is a valuable and noninvasive diagnostic alternative for the diagnosis of childhood TB and can be adapted by pediatric arms of national TB programs. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 10, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Association of slow recovery of patients infected with Mycobacterium africanum posttreatment with high content of Persister-Like bacilli in pretreatment sputum
Conclusion The slow clinical recovery of M. africanum-infected patients compared with M. tuberculosis-infected patients posttreatment may be at least partially associated with the persistence of drug-tolerant “fat and lazy” bacilli. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 10, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

New approaches in drug treatment for tuberculosis: Inhalation using liposomes only a future vision or soon in clinical practice?
Publication date: Available online 11 November 2016 Source:International Journal of Mycobacteriology Author(s): Lars-Olof Larsson A major change of therapy in respiratory medicine has been the transition from oral or parenteral to inhalation therapy, for example, in asthma. Inhalation of anti-infectious drugs has, however, played a key role in the treatment of pulmonary infections such as tuberculosis (TB). The inhalation therapy provides several benefits; the target is reached directly with evasion of first-pass metabolism, thereby resulting in reduced systemic side effects. Furthermore, the drug is delivered to an ext...
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 10, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Identification of nontuberculous mycobacteria by high-performance liquid chromatography from patients in tehran
Conclusion Our results showed that HPLC is a more reliable, rapid, simple, easy-to-perform, cost-effective, and specific identification method compared with other identification procedures like phenotypic tests. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 10, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Modulation of interferon-gamma response to QuantiFERON-TB-plus detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients with active and latent tuberculosis infection
Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report characterizing IFN-γ responses to QFT-Plus antigens in participants with active TB and LTBI over time. The data need to be confirmed in larger settings; however, we showed that monitoring IFN-γ release in response to TB2 can be used to evaluate preventive therapy immune changes. This can be useful also as a tool for public health control strategies in settings where preventive treatment is recommended. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 10, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Modulation of CD4 and CD8 response to QuantiFERON-TB Plus in patients with active tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis infection followed over time during treatment
Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report characterizing CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses of individuals with active TB and with LTBI, followed overtime, to QFT-Plus antigens by flow cytometry. The results, although preliminary, may help in identifying better tools for monitoring therapy, especially in those with LTBI undergoing preventive treatment. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 10, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Immunohistochemical findings of the granulomatous reaction associated with tuberculosis
Conclusion Detection of TB in tissue slides is still based on the histological pattern of the granuloma, which has several differential diagnoses with different treatments. Presence of mycobacterial antigens and tissue morphology can be evaluated using the IHC technique. Considering the criteria of positive IHC staining of TB granulomatous reactions, this stain not only highlights the presence of mycobacterial antigens for tissue diagnosis, but also could morphologically localize their distribution in different cells. Pathologists must be familiar with adequate staining pattern, elimination of background staining, and type...
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 10, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

The analysis of exosomal micro-RNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived macrophages after infection with bacillus Calmette –Guérin by RNA sequencing
Conclusion This study provides evidence for the release of specific miRNAs from BCG-infected MDMs. These results need to be confirmed and the presence of this panel of miRNAs tested in the blood of patients to determine their selectivity and specificity as a diagnostic in patients with TB. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 10, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Role of socio-demographical factors on tuberculosis outcome in Yemen
Conclusion: By evaluating the socio-demographic risk factors, pharmacist and health care providers can optimize and indicate the factors which play a role in successful and unsuccessful treatment outcome. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 9, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research