Development of Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium smegmatis recombinants expressing major Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigenic proteins
Conclusion Positive results of cloning and expression suggest that the constructed clones are ready tools for further assessment of their immunogenicity and can be included in improved diagnostic tools and vaccines against TB. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 24, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Complex emergencies in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: Impact on tuberculosis control
Conclusion Complex emergencies pose a significant negative impact on tuberculosis in the EMR. This issue should be raised in the global health and political arena. This is a time bomb for tuberculosis. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 24, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

What is in a cough?
Conclusion Cough aerosol cultures of M. tuberculosis are the best predictors of infectiousness and predict incident TB disease among sputum smear-positive patients in Uganda. We propose that cough aerosol cultures are a better surrogate of inhaled dose than sputum smear. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 24, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Application of highly portable MinION nanopore sequencing technology for the monitoring of nosocomial tuberculosis infection
Publication date: Available online 23 November 2016 Source:International Journal of Mycobacteriology Author(s): Matthew Bates, Pascal Polepole, Nathan Kapata, Matt Loose, Justin O’Grady Referral hospitals in sub-Saharan African concentrate large numbers of tuberculosis (TB) and multidrug-resistant TB patients, failed by community TB services. We have previously shown, from enhanced screening and through autopsy studies, a significant burden of missed TB infections at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia, with many patients dying or being discharged without treatment. With minimal TB isolation facilitie...
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 23, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Antimycobacterial activity of medicinal plants against the causative agent of buruli ulcer: Mycobacterium ulcerans
Conclusion The obtained results further strengthened the exploitation of these extracts as potent hits in the treatment of Buruli ulcer. Meanwhile, further studies are required to fully characterize the bioactive compounds. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 23, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Molecular drug susceptibility testing against the first-line (rifampin and isoniazid) and second-line (ciprofloxacin –amikacin and kanamycin) treatment in different subtypes of Mycobacterium simiae
Conclusion Regarding the given result, first-line tuberculosis drugs should be excluded from the treatment regimen of M. simiae patients. In addition, subtype I seems to be the most or even the only isolated M. simiae subtype among all Iranian patients. While both amikacin and kanamycin drugs showed better efficacy in the treatment M. simiae, the most susceptible antibiotic is still indeterminate. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Ten years ’ experience of Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) in Gambella Regional State, Ethiopia: An evaluation of tuberculosis control program
Conclusions The recommended TSR set by WHO was achieved as it was already been fulfilled more than 85% from 2009 up to 2011 in the region and the reported CDR was far below (40.9%) for smear-positive pulmonary TB including other forms of TB from the target. Therefore, extensive efforts should be established to maintain the achieved TSR and to increase the low level of CDR for all forms of TB cases through implementing alternative case finding strategies (see Fig. 1 and Table 1). (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: The problem and some priorities in controlling it
Publication date: Available online 22 November 2016 Source:International Journal of Mycobacteriology Author(s): Sven Hoffner Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), and even more severe forms of drug resistance, cause significant problems and costs for national TB control programs and constitutes an increasing public health concern globally. In parts of the former Soviet Union, the prevalence of MDR-TB is as high as 50% and one third of all newly detected TB patients are infected with MDR strains. Such strains transmit and certain MDR-TB clones constitute an important part of the problem, especially in high MDR-TB bu...
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Investigation of urine lipoarabinomannan in human immunodeficiency virus patients with or without coinfection with Tuberculosis in Iran
Conclusion Our results highlight the limitations of using urine LAM levels for differentiating HIV-associated TB patients in Iran. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Impact of genotypic and phenotypic resistance to second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs on treatment outcomes in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in China
Conclusion Drug susceptibility testing for pyrazinamide and fluoroquinolones together with genetic information appears to provide a clinically useful indicator of the treatment outcome of MDR-TB in China. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Alternate efflux pump mechanism may contribute to drug resistance in extensively drug-resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Conclusion Our data show an nsSNP in the drrA efflux pump gene that may result in upregulation of drug efflux mechanisms in MTB strains. It is therefore imperative to understand the mechanism of efflux and its role in drug resistance, which will enable the identification of new drug targets and development of new drug regimens to counteract the drug efflux mechanism of MTB. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Comparison of histopathology, acid fast bacillus smear and real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in anal fistula in 161 patients: A prospective controlled trial
Conclusion RT-PCR is significantly more sensitive than histopathology and AFB smear in detecting MTB in fistula-in-ano. The routine practice of doing only histopathology and AFB smear in fistula patients might be missing a significant number of MTB cases and could be responsible for many recurrences in fistula patients. RT-PCR should preferably be done in all fistula cases and at least in refractory and recurrent fistulas. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Occurrence of zoonotic tuberculosis in occupationally exposed high-risk groups in Peshawar, Pakistan
Conclusion Zoonotic TB is a significant public health issue among professionally exposed groups in Peshawar, Pakistan, and suggests a need for further detailed investigations of the disease in this and similar areas. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Genotyping analysis of bovine, ovine, and caprine paratuberculosis in Iran: An IS900-RFLP study
Conclusion Further description on population genetic of MAP in Iran urges for more epidemiological work using similar and alternative standard genotyping system. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Tuberculosis in children
In conclusion most cases of tuberculosis in children occur within 1year of the infection, tuberculosis disease in a child shows recent transmission of the organism. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 22, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research